Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Impact Of Task Difficulty, Defendant's Race, And Race Salience On Conformity In Mock Jury Deliberations, Allegra Giorgia Poggio, Amy Bradfield Douglass
The Impact Of Task Difficulty, Defendant's Race, And Race Salience On Conformity In Mock Jury Deliberations, Allegra Giorgia Poggio, Amy Bradfield Douglass
Modern Psychological Studies
Understanding what factors affect conformity in jury deliberations is an essential part of understanding the decision making process of reaching a verdict. This study manipulated three variables in a case summary: race salience (not salient vs. salient), defendant race (Black vs. White), and task difficulty (easy vs. difficult). The study used a mock deliberation paradigm based on Kassin, Smith, & Tulloch (1990). Participants read a case summary and provided a verdict with a short explanation. After doing so, participants read notes containing the verdicts and explanations of 5 other fictitious participants. Participants' verdicts were always in the minority. After viewing …
Psychological And Demographic Predictors Of Cellular Phone Use Of College Students, Crystal M. Mcwhirter, Linda J. Palm
Psychological And Demographic Predictors Of Cellular Phone Use Of College Students, Crystal M. Mcwhirter, Linda J. Palm
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study examined psychological and demographic predictors of cellular phone use of college students. The participants were 158 undergraduate students enrolled at a public university in the Southeastern United States. Each participant reported demographic information and completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, the Trait Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Cellular Telephone Inventory. Participants' responses to the Cellular Telephone Inventory produced four measures of cellular phone use: daily phone use in minutes, instrumental use, emotional/social use, and problematic use. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the degree to which a set of six predictor variables (self-esteem, trait …
Complementarity In Romantic Relationships: Constructs Involved In Individual And Partner Change, Rebekah L. Davis, Wind Goodfriend
Complementarity In Romantic Relationships: Constructs Involved In Individual And Partner Change, Rebekah L. Davis, Wind Goodfriend
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of the current research was to investigate complementarily vs. similarity in romantic partners, as well as changes in partners' life skill levels over time. It was predicted that individuals would be more complementary to each other than similar, that they would be more likely to improve their weaknesses if they were high in Type A personality and growth, and if they perceived that their partners wanted them to improve. Surprisingly, none of these hypotheses were supported. However, improvement on life skills was positively correlated with both relationship duration and relationship satisfaction. Implications and future research possibilities are discussed.
Individualism, Collectivism, And Dissonance: A Within-Culture Comparison, Lindsey M. Streamer
Individualism, Collectivism, And Dissonance: A Within-Culture Comparison, Lindsey M. Streamer
Modern Psychological Studies
Cognitive dissonance was examined among individuals with collectivist and individualist tendencies within a culture. To arouse dissonance, participants wrote counter-attitudinal essays under either high-choice or low-choice conditions. Participants were also given an individualism-collectivism questionnaire. Results indicated that participants in the high-choice condition experienced more cognitive dissonance (measured by degree of attitude change) than participants in the low-choice condition. Participants who scored high in individualism showed no significant difference in dissonance experienced compared to those who scored low in individualism. These results suggest that differences in cognitive dissonance experienced cross-culturally are due to factors other than individualism. Possible alternative explanations for …
Startle Response Probability And Amplitude May Be Independently Modulated By Affective Foreground Stimulation As Acoustic Probe Intensity Decreases, Adam K. Wilke
Modern Psychological Studies
The magnitude of the eyeblink reflex to an acoustic startle probe is reliable potentiated to highly arousing unpleasant foreground stimuli and inhibited to highly arousing pleasant foreground stimuli across all probe intensity levels. The present study examined the response magnitude findings of Cuthbert, Bradley, and Lang (1996) as response amplitude and probability. Medium arousal pleasant pictures produced larger blink amplitude responses than unpleasant pictures of the same arousal level to 80 and 95, but not 105 dB acoustic startle probes. This effect was opposite for high arousal pictures at all intensity levels. Response probability means decreased from pleasant to unpleasant …
Professor Burnout: Satisfaction With Salary And Perception Of Student Competence, Danielle Smith, Bethany Burmeister, Randy Carden
Professor Burnout: Satisfaction With Salary And Perception Of Student Competence, Danielle Smith, Bethany Burmeister, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examined the relationship between professor burnout and satisfaction with salary and satisfaction with their students. Twenty-seven undergraduate professors at a small, liberal arts university in the southeast responded to the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Educators Survey and three items measuring satisfaction with salary and perception of competence and dedication of their students. Salary was found to be negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Ratings of student competence and dedication were negatively related to depersonalization and positively related to personal accomplishment.
Color Inversion And Detail Effects On Face Recognition, Jill G. Boltjes, Courtney L. Rust
Color Inversion And Detail Effects On Face Recognition, Jill G. Boltjes, Courtney L. Rust
Modern Psychological Studies
Two separate studies were completed to demonstrate the importance of color location and focus on face recognition. The first study manipulated Gaussian Blur (GB) and inversion (IN). GB is the process of taking an image out of focus, the higher the cycle the more out of focus the image will appear. IN is the process of changing the dark color with light color and the light color with dark color, like a colored photographic negative. In the study, twenty celebrity faces (10 female and 10 male) were exposed to six different manipulations: three levels of GB and two levels of …
Out-Group Exploitation Through Depersonalization In A Prisoner's Dilemma Game, Risa Ohkawa
Out-Group Exploitation Through Depersonalization In A Prisoner's Dilemma Game, Risa Ohkawa
Modern Psychological Studies
The experiment examined how salience of out-group membership affects an individual's tendency to financially exploit an out-group member in a prisoner's dilemma (PD) game and a monetary bonus allocation task. It also examined the role of depersonalization of self and others. Half of the research participants played a PD game to win money with an imaginary opponent, who had a foreign accent, and the other half did with an opponent, who spoke fluent English. A salient indication of out-group membership was present in the former (accent) condition, and it was absent in the latter (control). Participants were also asked to …
Mediating The Cultivation Of Fear Through Media Literacy Education, Catherine N. Collins, Kristine L. Slank
Mediating The Cultivation Of Fear Through Media Literacy Education, Catherine N. Collins, Kristine L. Slank
Modern Psychological Studies
College students (N = 110) received a media literacy intervention based on critical thinking or they received no intervention. Students were also classified as low or high television viewers based on responses to a Television Use Survey. Fear was measured with a Safety Survey and analyzed with a 2 Intervention x 2 Television Viewing ANOVA. Fear was expected to be lower in the intervention and low television viewing groups than in the no intervention and high television viewing groups. However, no results were significant.
Attitudes Toward Mental Illness: The Effects Of Electronic Media And The Social Desirability Bias, Brandi A. Klein
Attitudes Toward Mental Illness: The Effects Of Electronic Media And The Social Desirability Bias, Brandi A. Klein
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examined the effects of mental illness portrayal in film and the social desirability bias on participants' attitudes toward mental illness. Participants watched video clips of a mentally ill character acting either normally or abnormally, and were given either anonymous or confidential questionnaires. Participants who viewed abnormal behavior reported more negative attitudes toward mental illness than participants who watched normal behavior (p < .001) on the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (Hirai & Clum, 2000). No difference was found between the anonymous and confidential conditions, and these scores did not vary by the viewed behavior. These results suggest that the electronic media influenced participants' attitudes toward mental illness, but participants were not influenced by the social desirability bias.
The Relation Between College Student Involvement And Satisfaction, Whitney D. Reed, Stephanie P. Da Silva
The Relation Between College Student Involvement And Satisfaction, Whitney D. Reed, Stephanie P. Da Silva
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between college students' involvement and their overall satisfaction with their college experience. It was predicted that the more a student is involved, the more he/she will be satisfied with the college experience. The 60 male and female respondents were traditional students at Anderson University in Anderson, SC. A survey was administered to assess student involvement based on the diversity (types of activities) and amount (hours per week) of participation. Each student's satisfaction with college also was assessed using a self-devised scale. A moderate positive correlation was detected, p<.01, where 12% of the variance in student satisfaction was accounted for by student involvement. The implications and limitations are discussed.
Acculturative Strategies And The Outcomes Of Self-Esteem And Well-Being Of Latino Immigrants To Boston, Jane Mellors
Acculturative Strategies And The Outcomes Of Self-Esteem And Well-Being Of Latino Immigrants To Boston, Jane Mellors
Modern Psychological Studies
Acculturation is the negotiation process that immigrants undergo as they struggle to adapt to their new culture. Four acculturative strategies are thought to exist that immigrants can choose, and, although the selection of an acculturative strategy is influenced by the sociocultural context, the adoptions of different strategies have been associated with specific psychological outcomes (Berry, 1997, 2005; Neto, 2002; Sam, 2000). Past acculturative research has largely focused on areas outside of the United States; the current project is designed to fill a gap in the psychological literature by exploring Boston, Massachusetts, a city which has experienced a tremendous increase of …
The Effects Of Experienced Childhood Maternal Abuse On Adult Attachment Styles, Joseph Oliva, Richard Velayo, Katherine Erwin
The Effects Of Experienced Childhood Maternal Abuse On Adult Attachment Styles, Joseph Oliva, Richard Velayo, Katherine Erwin
Modern Psychological Studies
The relationship between experienced maternal abuse and the development of an insecure attachment style was examined. Data was collected via selfreport questionnaires in a large, urban college campus. The questionnaires used were the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2, Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, & Sugarman, 1996) and Attachment Questionnaire (AQ, Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). The sample included 81 females and 86 males, ranging in age from 18-57 years old. No significant correlation was found between the experience of maternal abuse and the development of a fearful attachment style. The results did support a significant correlation between maternal abuse and the development of …
Alleviating Skin Picking Behavior In Prader-Willi Syndrome Using Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors And Topiramate: A Review Of The Literature, Jessica M. Blurton
Alleviating Skin Picking Behavior In Prader-Willi Syndrome Using Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors And Topiramate: A Review Of The Literature, Jessica M. Blurton
Modern Psychological Studies
This paper discusses what is known currently about treating skin picking behavior in people with Prader-Willi Syndrome using Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and topiramate. Because of small samples and flawed methodology it is argued that the advantages and disadvantages of either drug therapy are not fully known at this time, but that future research is strongly indicated. Some suggestions for further studies are discussed.