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Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Effects Of Subchronic Dietary Lead Exposure On Dmtp And Dnmtp Performance In Fisher 344 Rats, Joshua D. Vardigan
Effects Of Subchronic Dietary Lead Exposure On Dmtp And Dnmtp Performance In Fisher 344 Rats, Joshua D. Vardigan
Masters Theses
Recent attention has focused on the possibility that even low-level Pb exposure can produce subtle neurological impairments in the absence of overt signs of toxicity. Previous behavioral assessments of learning and memory using DMTS procedures have documented learning impairments in monkeys exposed to Pb during early postnatal development, and although a variety of operant behavioral assays have documented detrimental effects of dietary Pb treatment in rats, the DMTS procedure has not been examined in rats following short-term low levels of Pb through dietary exposure. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the degree of cognitive impairment produced by …
Neuropsychopharmacological Investigations Of Mdma/Cocaine Combinations, John J. Panos
Neuropsychopharmacological Investigations Of Mdma/Cocaine Combinations, John J. Panos
Masters Theses
Despite the popularity of polydrug abuse among recreational MDMA users, relatively few controlled experimental studies have documented the neurobehavioral effects of MDMA in combination with other abused substances. In this study, the neurochemical and behavioral effects of MD MA/cocaine combinations were assessed using in vivo microdialysis with simultaneous measurement of locomotor activity (LMA). Rats were administered cocaine (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, IP), MDMA (1.5 mg/kg or 3.0 mg/kg, IP) or combinations of cocaine and MDMA during microdialysis experiments. Microdialysis samples were collected every 30 min for three hours prior to drug injections. Following drug administration, six additional 30 min …
Behavioral Tolerance Under Variable Ratio Schedules Of Reinforcement, Barry Eshkol Adelman
Behavioral Tolerance Under Variable Ratio Schedules Of Reinforcement, Barry Eshkol Adelman
Dissertations
Previous studies (e.g., Hoffman, Branch, & Sizemore, 1987) have demonstrated that greater drug tolerance develops in responding under fixed-ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement when the schedule parameter is small than when it is large; little research has been done on related schedules such as variable-ratio (VR). In Experiment 1, three pigeons responded under a multiple FR 5 FR 125 VR 5 VR 125. A range of prechronic doses of cocaine produced dose-dependent reductions in response rates under the component schedules. Following chronic dosing with daily administrations of 5.6 mg/kg, similar dose-response curves were derived by substitutions of the usual dose. …
Evaluation Of An Outpatient Training Service For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Their Families, Britt Winter
Evaluation Of An Outpatient Training Service For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Their Families, Britt Winter
Masters Theses
Autism spectrum disorders have a substantial impact on the lives of families and can result in a variety of enrichments to the family environment as well as certain specific stressors (Hecimovic & Gregory, 2005; Tidmarsh & Volkmar, 2003). One service that has proven effective for treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorders as well as improvement in family dynamics is parent training (Schreibman, 1988). The current study examined 46 individual client files from an outpatient parent training clinic serving children with autism spectrum disorders. Parents were taught to implement interventions for skill acquisition with their children using a behavioral skills …
Functional Assessment Of Problem Behavior In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review Of 32 Cases, Jessa R. Love
Functional Assessment Of Problem Behavior In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review Of 32 Cases, Jessa R. Love
Masters Theses
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders among children aged 4 to 17 years is approximately 5.5 to 5.7 out of 1000 children (Centers for Disease Control, 2006). It is not uncommon for children with these disorders to display a wide range of problem behavior (e.g., Farrar-Schneider, 1992; Oswald et al., 1992). While a number of studies have reported aggregated data on the reinforcement functions of such problem behavior, none have reported the distribution of functions with a sample comprised solely of individuals on the autism spectrum. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine individual client data from an …
The Effects Of Communication On Adolescent Sexual Behavior In Eastern Europe, Sharon Mieras Perugini
The Effects Of Communication On Adolescent Sexual Behavior In Eastern Europe, Sharon Mieras Perugini
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
HIV/AIDS rates have continued to rise in Eastern Europe where adolescents are particularly vulnerable. The theory of reasoned action (TRA) has successfully been applied to understanding adolescent sexual risk behavior and provides a theoretical framework for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. According to TRA, attitudes and subjective norms predict behaviors via the mediating role of intentions, and in order to have an impact on behavior, changes must occur at the attitude and subjective norm level. Because parents have been found to influence their children's attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions, the moderating effects of parent communication on sexual risk behavior of adolescents …
Expressive Writing And Divorce, Leonard J. Prazych
Expressive Writing And Divorce, Leonard J. Prazych
MALS Final Projects, 1995-2019
Anger, sorrow, depression, and feelings of failure are a few of the well-documented negative emotions experienced by many persons going through divorce. As such, a variety of techniques and interventions are needed to support those adjusting to their dramatically changing world and corresponding changes in identity. Research studies have shown that expressive writing has proven to be useful for people adjusting to a variety of physical and emotional upheavals. None, however, have specifically researched or addressed the effects of expressive writing or writing therapy intervention on persons coping with the negative emotions caused by divorce. This Master Thesis will address …
Perceived Desirability Of Given Names: Identifying A Relationship Between Given Names And Associated Personality Traits, Ellen D. Parks
Perceived Desirability Of Given Names: Identifying A Relationship Between Given Names And Associated Personality Traits, Ellen D. Parks
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
This study was designed to determine whether participants would have better recall for names with phonetic properties that matched a paired personality trait. In other words, phonetically attractive names paired with positive traits and phonetically unattractive names paired with negative traits should have higher rates of recall than names whose phonetic properties did not match a paired personality trait, such as phonetically attractive names paired with negative traits or phonetically unattractive names paired with positive traits. Given names were deemed to be phonetically attractive or unattractive based on the number of sonorants (soft consonant sounds such as l, m, n, …
Studying Gambling Experimentally: The Value Of Money, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Ellen Meier
Studying Gambling Experimentally: The Value Of Money, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Ellen Meier
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Determining whether “gambling” behavior in the laboratory differs as a function of whether or not participants are risking actual money is important because the outcome will determine whether results from laboratory research can be genera-lized to actual gambling. Eighteen participants played video poker in two sepa-rate sessions. In one, they risked credits that had no monetary value and in the other they risked credits worth money. Results showed that participants played a similar number of hands and played with similar accuracy regardless of whether or not the credits had monetary value. However, participants risked significantly fewer credits when the credits …
Assessing And Manipulating The Illusion Of Control Of Video Poker Players, Mark R. Dixon, James W. Jackson, Jennifer Delaney, Bethany Holton, Martha C. Crothers
Assessing And Manipulating The Illusion Of Control Of Video Poker Players, Mark R. Dixon, James W. Jackson, Jennifer Delaney, Bethany Holton, Martha C. Crothers
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present investigation explored the presence of illusory control in recreation-al video poker players. Using a multi-monitor computer which allowed for two different types of games to be presented concurrently, one on each monitor, players were allowed to freely choose which game they wished to play. One option allowed for the player to select the cards they wished to hold and discard, while the other option was designed such that the computer automatically se-lected the most probabilistically optimal sequence of cards to hold and discard. In the first experiment, two groups of ten participants were exposed to one of two …
Rats Playing A Slot Machine: A Preliminary Attempt At An Animal Gambling Model, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Adam Derenne
Rats Playing A Slot Machine: A Preliminary Attempt At An Animal Gambling Model, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Adam Derenne
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Due to certain ethical and procedural considerations, it is not possible to con-duct certain experimental studies on human gambling behavior. Animal mod-els of gambling may hold some utility because they can possibly overcome these considerations. The present experiment was a first attempt to establish an animal model of gambling by having rats play a “slot machine.” Rats pressed a lever on a fixed-ratio 5 schedule of reinforcement. In the Cue conditions, a bank of stimulus lights flashed after the completion of the ratio, with the pattern of lights that subsequently remained illuminated signaling what consequence would be received (i.e., a …
Commentary The Alloplastic Nature Of Pathological Gambling, Nancy M. Petry, Gegory J. Madden, John M. Roll
Commentary The Alloplastic Nature Of Pathological Gambling, Nancy M. Petry, Gegory J. Madden, John M. Roll
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
Commentary Getting There: Commentary On "Toward An Intergrative Behavioral Model Of Gambling" By Weatherly And Dixon, Charles A. Lyons
Commentary Getting There: Commentary On "Toward An Intergrative Behavioral Model Of Gambling" By Weatherly And Dixon, Charles A. Lyons
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
Commentary Intergrative Model Or Fracturing Framework: Better We Hedge Our Bets, Mark P. Reilly, Andrew T. Fox
Commentary Intergrative Model Or Fracturing Framework: Better We Hedge Our Bets, Mark P. Reilly, Andrew T. Fox
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
Commentary Verbal Relations And The Behavior Analysis Of Gambling, Simon Dymond, Robert Whelan
Commentary Verbal Relations And The Behavior Analysis Of Gambling, Simon Dymond, Robert Whelan
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
In Response An Intergrative, Not Necessarily Comprehensive, Behavioral Model Of Gambling, Mark R. Dixon, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
In Response An Intergrative, Not Necessarily Comprehensive, Behavioral Model Of Gambling, Mark R. Dixon, Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
The Role Of "Experience" When People Gamble On Three Different Video-Poker Games, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, David P. Austin, Katie Farewell
The Role Of "Experience" When People Gamble On Three Different Video-Poker Games, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, David P. Austin, Katie Farewell
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present experiment was designed to determine if and how experience might alter individuals’ gambling when playing video poker. Twelve self-identified “experienced” poker players and 12 self-identified “novices” were recruited to play video poker across three different sessions. A different game (i.e., Jacks or Better, Bonus Poker, or Loose Deuces) was played in each session, with these games differing in what strategies were optimal. “Experienced” participants displayed more knowledge of poker than their “novice” counterparts. However, the only observed difference in the gambling between “experienced” and “no-vice” players was in how much they bet per hand, with “experienced” players betting …
Using Winpoker 6.0 To Study Gambling Behavior, James W. Jackson
Using Winpoker 6.0 To Study Gambling Behavior, James W. Jackson
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Previous technical efforts have described how custom computer programs for the study of gambling behavior may be created to allow for the manipulation of variables not readily available in natural gambling contexts, however many people may lack the technical repertoires necessary to make such efforts feasible. The current paper discusses how a commercially available Video-Poker simula-tion and training software package, WinPoker 6.0, may be employed to study gambling behavior.
Perceptions Of Luck: Near Win And Near Loss Experiences, Dustin Daugherty, Otto H. Maclin
Perceptions Of Luck: Near Win And Near Loss Experiences, Dustin Daugherty, Otto H. Maclin
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Current research examining gambling behaviors has tended to focus on structur-al features such as the “near miss” phenomenon. Until now this research has focused mainly on a near “win” situation and ignored what can be considered a near “loss” situation (Wohl & Enzle, 2003). The present study compared the effects of participants‟ (N=132) near win/loss situations when playing a Wheel of Fortune slot-machine program designed to manipulate near wins and near losses. Near win/loss events were presented at a rate of 15, 30, or 45 percent of the total trials during an acquisition phase. Participants experiencing near win situations at …
The Influence Of College Students’ Perception Of Parental (Or Primary Caregiver) Expectations On Coping Behavior And Adjustment In Early Adulthood, Jessica Smith
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
While some research has examined how parental expectations affect educational achievement, there is very little known about how parental expectations affect the development of coping skills and adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functions. Participants were asked to complete a measure of their abilities in academics, sports, leadership, honesty, responsibilities, among other things. Then, they completed a measure of what they perceived their parents’ expectations of those areas were. Lastly, they completed the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-College Self Report of Personality form as a measure of adaptive and maladaptive functioning. The goals of this study are to investigate 1) if participants' …
A Behavior Analytic Look At Contemporary Issues In The Assessment Of Child Sexual Abuse, W. Joseph Wyatt
A Behavior Analytic Look At Contemporary Issues In The Assessment Of Child Sexual Abuse, W. Joseph Wyatt
Psychology Faculty Research
The assessment of child sexual abuse has largely been ignored by behavior analysts, although behavior analytic theory and methodology, if applied, likely would advance the field. Three classic cases demonstrate historic errors that might have been avoided, had a behaviorally based approach been employed. Functional analytic interpretations are provided for phenomena that have been explored in a representative sample of studies that, though empirical, do not appear in the behavioral literature. Specific recommendations for practice, and a call for greater involvement of behavior analysis, are presented.
Does Verbal Communication Impairment Affect Quality Of Life In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients?, Jason Michael Duff
Does Verbal Communication Impairment Affect Quality Of Life In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients?, Jason Michael Duff
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the self-perceived QOL in ALS patients. Literature will be presented on the incidence, prevalence, prognosis, diagnosis and management of ALS, QOL studies for ALS, the role of the multidisciplinary team, the impairments and dysfunction that ALS patients experience, communication issues, and the development of ALS specific instruments to measure QOL. The "bulbar dysfunction" that ALS patients experience in salivation management, speech, and swallowing were examined in detail. The objectives of this research study were to investigate the following hypotheses: 1. QOL will differ among ALS patients with varying levels of speech, swallowing, …
A Case Study Of Pathological Gambler Wagering At Golf, James Borderi, James W. Jackson, Mark R. Dixon
A Case Study Of Pathological Gambler Wagering At Golf, James Borderi, James W. Jackson, Mark R. Dixon
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present single case design explored the degree to which a pathological gambler’s golf performance would be affected by monetary consequences. Using an AB design, a twenty-three year old pathological gambler initially hit 10 golf balls on a computerized golfing game that interfaced with Playstation2’s “Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2006”. Following baseline, the participant was informed that he would be paid 20 dollars if his next 10 swings were closer to the golf hole than the prior 10 swings. The introduction of the monetary consequences resulted in the participant increasing shot variability and decreas-ing shot accuracy.
Review Of "Gambling: Behavior Theory, Research, And Application" By Patrick M. Gheezi, Charles A. Lyons, Mark R. Dixon, And Ginger R. Wilson (Eds.), Simon Dymond, Jennifer L. Austin, Alice Hoon, Sara Tepaeru Minster
Review Of "Gambling: Behavior Theory, Research, And Application" By Patrick M. Gheezi, Charles A. Lyons, Mark R. Dixon, And Ginger R. Wilson (Eds.), Simon Dymond, Jennifer L. Austin, Alice Hoon, Sara Tepaeru Minster
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Behavior analysis has not devoted much research attention to understanding or treating gambling behavior, yet it clearly has much to offer. Recently, the advent of this journal and other developments has helped to increase the need for, and relevance of, behavior analytic approaches to the study of gambling behavior. The edited volume by Ghezzi, Lyons, Dixon, and Wilson (2006) is testimony to this growing interest. In an effort to further delineate the behavior analysis of gambling behavior, Ghezzi and colleagues have produced a compelling and timely scholarly overview of behavioral research on understanding and treating disorders associated with gambling. The …
Manipulating Contextual Control Over Simulated Slot Machine Gambling, Alice Hoon, Simon Dymond, James W. Jackson, Mark R. Dixon
Manipulating Contextual Control Over Simulated Slot Machine Gambling, Alice Hoon, Simon Dymond, James W. Jackson, Mark R. Dixon
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Situational or contextual factors involved in slot machine gambling, such as colors, are assumed to play an important role in initiating and maintaining gambling. However, there is little empirical evidence for this assumption. The present study sought to investigate the effects of manipulating two contextual factors (the background colors of computer-simulated slot machines) on participants‟ responding to two concurrently available slot machines. Following a pretest, a nonarbitrary relational training and testing procedure was used to establish contextual functions of MORE-THAN and LESS-THAN for two cues. During posttest, participants allocated the majority of their responses to the slot machine that shared …
Why Behavior Analysts Should Study Gambling Behavior, Mark R. Dixon
Why Behavior Analysts Should Study Gambling Behavior, Mark R. Dixon
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The field of behavior analysis has been applied to solve many problems facing our society. Differential allocation of behavioral research to certain applied problems has resulted in positive changes in those areas while other areas re-main underserved. Problem and pathological gambling are areas of concern in our society which have been minimally addressed by behavior analysts. Rea-sons for the underrepresentation of research in gambling are discussed and poss-ible solutions to foster a behavioral understanding of and treatment for problem gamblers are presented.
Toward An Integrative Behavioral Model Of Gambling, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Mark R. Dixon
Toward An Integrative Behavioral Model Of Gambling, Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Mark R. Dixon
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
Although the activity of gambling and the research on gambling continues to grow every year, behavior analysts have contributed minimally to the published literature. Theories of gambling abound from social to neurological frameworks, yet empirical data supporting such tenets is less than overwhelming. The science of behavior analysis often seeks data first and theory later. As a result, in the absence of a large body of data, behavior analysis has yet to put forward a comprehensive theoretical account of gambling behavior. Albeit limited, the behavioral data continue to emerge and collectively they begin to represent the foundation upon which a …
Commentary Delay Discounting And Problem Gambling, Andrew Cooper
Commentary Delay Discounting And Problem Gambling, Andrew Cooper
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
No abstract provided.
The Gambling Functional Assessment (Gfa): An Assessment Device For Identification Of The Maintaining Variables Of Pathological Gambling, Mark R. Dixon, Taylor E. Johnson
The Gambling Functional Assessment (Gfa): An Assessment Device For Identification Of The Maintaining Variables Of Pathological Gambling, Mark R. Dixon, Taylor E. Johnson
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
The present paper describes the rationale and presents an assess-ment device for the identification of functional control of patholog-ical gambling behavior. It is suggested in this paper that only through identification of function and eventual treatment based on such function will interventions for the treatment of pathological gamblers become successful. A 20-item self-report format as-sessment is presented along with the scoring key for the instru-ment. Suggestions for future research on the psychometrics of the proposed instrument are presented along with implications for use in both research and clinical treatment facilities.
Treatment Of Compulsive Gambling, Erik Arntzen, Jorn Stensvold
Treatment Of Compulsive Gambling, Erik Arntzen, Jorn Stensvold
Analysis of Gambling Behavior
A program for treatment of compulsive gambling is presented. The participant in the study was a 27-year old teacher. Before the treatment started he spent about $3.700 a month and his debt because of gambling was 60 000 dollars. The procedure included different parts; self-recording, establishment of alternative and incompatible behavior, relapse prevention and restrictions in access to money. To ensure that it was not the prevention from the access to money that stopped the use of money spent on gambling, thus, a couple of days every month participant had access to a certain amount of money. After the start …