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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
A Comparison Of Techniques For Measuring Automatic Retrieval In Conceptual Priming, Jennifer C. Major
A Comparison Of Techniques For Measuring Automatic Retrieval In Conceptual Priming, Jennifer C. Major
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The speeded response technique has provided pure estimates of automatic retrieval in perceptual memory tasks. The present study was designed to investigate whether pure automatic retrieval could also be evidenced in a conceptual task. Subjects were encouraged to generate category exemplars using strictly automatic retrieval by presenting practice trials that did not allow responding with previously studied items and by encouraging speed of responding. This speeded condition was compared to a baseline condition in which conscious retrieval was not possible and to an explicit condition in which conscious retrieval was required. Average RTs in the speeded condition were the same …
Examining The Factors That Promote Sustained Engagement In Young People, Marla C. Pender
Examining The Factors That Promote Sustained Engagement In Young People, Marla C. Pender
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Little research to date has explored the kinds of factors that promote sustained engagement in young people. In order to address this gap in the literature, 20 individuals who attended national youth conferences (the goal of which being to promote engagement above and beyond the conferences themselves) between one and 14 years earlier were interviewed about their experiences before, during, and after the conferences. Specifically, participants were asked to discuss their levels of involvement in their schools and communities after attending the conferences, as well as the factors that sustained or hindered their participation. Four emerging themes---the nature of the …
Children's Ability To Use Time-Lines To Recall The Order And Duration Of Single And Repeated Actions, Leanne Lynn Gosse
Children's Ability To Use Time-Lines To Recall The Order And Duration Of Single And Repeated Actions, Leanne Lynn Gosse
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study examined the ability of children aged 4-8 to recall temporal information verbally and using a visual 'time-line'. Forty-five children participated in an activity (making a picture of the sky at night) with the researcher, followed by a series of recall tasks. Children were asked to recall location, duration and sequencing information about single autobiographical events that parents provided, as well as single and repeated events from the activity. Results demonstrated developmental increases in children's ability to provide temporal information. The 7-8 year olds were always more accurate than the 5-6 year olds, followed by the 4 year olds. …
Seeing The Future: Does Visual Perspective Influence Motivation?, Noelia Vasquez
Seeing The Future: Does Visual Perspective Influence Motivation?, Noelia Vasquez
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This research examined how people's thoughts about their future task performance influence their current motivational state. It was hypothesized that the effects of imagining a successful future performance would depend upon the visual perspective adopted. People were expected to feel more motivated when they imagined a highly successful performance from a third-person perspective rather than a first-person perspective. In two experiments, participants identified an important academic task that they would be completing in the near future and were asked to imagine it unfolding either very successfully (positive valence) or less successfully (negative or neutral valence). To manipulate visual perspective, participants …
Does A Past Conflict Still Sting? The Influence Of Recall Style And Self-Esteem On The Impact Of Conflict Memories, Huan Jacqueline Ye
Does A Past Conflict Still Sting? The Influence Of Recall Style And Self-Esteem On The Impact Of Conflict Memories, Huan Jacqueline Ye
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The current research examined whether the impact of people's past conflicts on their current relationships is associated with (1) the way people think about the conflicts, (2) their self-regard. Specifically, we expected that people's relationships should be more negatively influenced if they recall conflicts in a vivid manner, focusing on "how" the conflicts happened and recalling them in vivid detail, rather than if they recall conflicts in a pallid manner, focusing on "why" the conflict occurred and recalling little detail. We also predicted that past conflicts are more likely to adversely affect the appraisals of the relationships of low self-esteem …
Fmri Study Of Cutaneous Illusions, Peggy Joanne Planetta
Fmri Study Of Cutaneous Illusions, Peggy Joanne Planetta
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
We conducted three block-design experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the cortical areas involved in: 1) processing passively presented pneumatic stimulation, 2) the perception of tactile apparent motion (TAM), and 3) the perception of the cutaneous “rabbit.” In the first experiment (Arm Localizer), periods of random pneumatic stimulation delivered to the ventral right forearm were alternated with periods of rest. The results were consistent with previous research showing activation in the contralateral precentral and postcentral gyri, as well as higher parietal cortical areas. In the second experiment (Apparent Motion), periods of consecutive air puffs presented along the …
'To The Streets Cuz We're On The Streets': Exploring The Controversy Of Homeless Youth Activism In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Nadia Hausfather
'To The Streets Cuz We're On The Streets': Exploring The Controversy Of Homeless Youth Activism In Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario), Nadia Hausfather
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Throughout the past years, homeless youth have been involved in activism in Kitchener-Waterloo (K-W), a mid-size city located in southern Ontario. Such activism has caused a great deal of controversy in the K-W community. The main objective of this research was to explore that controversy. The three main research questions used to explore this controversy were: (1) Why do homeless youth become involved in activism? (2) What are the effects of homeless youth activism? (3) What factors limit or facilitate homeless youth activism? I used a participatory action research approach, consisting of a steering committee of homeless youth and two …
Resident Participation Across The Lifecycle Of A Primary Prevention Initiative, Alexandra Kissin
Resident Participation Across The Lifecycle Of A Primary Prevention Initiative, Alexandra Kissin
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Resident participation is a key aspect of primary prevention initiatives that follow a community-driven approach. This study examines the evolution of resident participation at three Ontario sites (Guelph, Cornwall, and Walpole Island) of the primary prevention initiative Better Beginnings, Better Futures. The main research questions were focused on discovering the nature, barriers, facilitators, and impacts of resident participation and the roles that residents played at each of the three phases of the sites' lifecycles (i.e., the early years, the middle years, and the later years). Data collection involved a review of archival documents for the early and middle years and …
Cultural Diversity At Family And Children's Services Of The Region Of Waterloo: An Evaluation Of A Cultural Competency Training Program, Jessica Leigh Vinograd
Cultural Diversity At Family And Children's Services Of The Region Of Waterloo: An Evaluation Of A Cultural Competency Training Program, Jessica Leigh Vinograd
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Cultural competence among child welfare practitioners is imperative given rapidly changing Canadian demographics, current inadequacy in the delivery of social services due to ethnocentric bias, and the insufficiency of educational programs in providing multicultural training for future practitioners. This study investigated the extent to which a specific training program influences multicultural competencies. In Ontario, child welfare employees (N = 61) completed the Multicultural Awareness Knowledge and Skills Survey (MAKSS) (D'Andrea, Daniels, & Heck, 1991) on two separate occasions. A 2 (pre, post) x 2 (experimental, comparison) mixed-model design was used to test the hypothesis that experimental participants would score significantly …
Prediction Of Childhood Externalizing Disorder Outcome: A Variable-Oriented And Person-Oriented Analysis Of Better Beginnings, Better Futures Data, Stephanie C. Cerutti
Prediction Of Childhood Externalizing Disorder Outcome: A Variable-Oriented And Person-Oriented Analysis Of Better Beginnings, Better Futures Data, Stephanie C. Cerutti
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The current study identified risk factors associated with childhood externalize disorders. Intervention outcomes of children that took part in a community-based, early childhood prevention project, Better Beginnings Better Futures, were studied longitudinally from Grade 3 to Grade 6. Three intervention sites in Ontario (Cornwall, n = 108; Sudbury, n = 134; Highfield, n = 131) and two matched comparison sites in Ontario (Ottawa-Vanier, n = 116; Etobicoke, n = 87) were examined. Risk factors examined at multiple levels of analysis, including the individual, family, and community levels of analysis, were considered. It was expected that higher risk children would respond …
Biased Forgetting Effects In The Assessment Of Memory For Filled And Empty Intervals: Evidence For The Instructional Failure/Confusion Hypothesis, Stephen Gagne
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
According to the instructional failure hypothesis, the contextual similarity of the intertrial interval (ITI) and the delay interval (DI) is responsible for the choose-short bias that occurs when memory for filled intervals is tested. This hypothesis may also explain the choose-long bias for empty intervals, if birds confuse an extended DI with a long empty interval. In the present study, pigeons were trained in a within-subjects design to discriminate durations of a filled interval (2-s and 8-s of light), and durations of an empty interval (2-s and 8-s bound by two 1-s light markers). In order to disambiguate the ITI, …
Empathy And Intergroup Relations: Do People Empathize Less With Outgroup Members?, Gillian Macdonald
Empathy And Intergroup Relations: Do People Empathize Less With Outgroup Members?, Gillian Macdonald
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The present studies were designed to examine if people empathize with a member of a different ethnicity as readily as a member of their own ethnicity. In Study 1, participants read a mock radio program about a target who was either of the same or different ethnicity. It was predicted that participants would empathize less with an ethnic outgroup member due to feelings of dissimilarity based on group membership. Results from Study 1 indicate no significant differences in levels of empathy and perspective taking based on target ethnicity. Study 2 sought to increase the salience of ethnicity and also included …
Experiences And Expectations: What Prompts An Educator To Use Computers In The Classroom?, Craig Ross
Experiences And Expectations: What Prompts An Educator To Use Computers In The Classroom?, Craig Ross
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Charged with the task of providing today's youth with the education they need, many school boards across North America have invested large sums of money in computer technology. However, although the technology is being installed in the schools, many educators are not using the technology to its full potential as a learning tool. In the present study, elementary (n = 148) and secondary (n = 150) educators completed one survey which assessed two domains believed to influence an educator's decision to integrate computer technology into his/her classroom. The first domain was comprised of gender and teaching level (elementary versus secondary), …
The Potential Impact That Intimacy Has On Generativity In Emerging Adulthood: An Examination Of Four Relationship Domains, Erin Elizabeth Allard
The Potential Impact That Intimacy Has On Generativity In Emerging Adulthood: An Examination Of Four Relationship Domains, Erin Elizabeth Allard
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This study focused on examining the possible impact that intimacy (in each of four separate relationship domains) had on generativity in emerging adulthood. In total, 50 emerging adult respondents (mean age: 24) participated in a one and one half hour structured interview. Twenty-five of the participants were from an ongoing longitudinal study, and the other 25 were newly recruited. By examining the longitudinal participants, it was possible to: track the trajectory of development of loneliness, generative concern, generative action, and generative narration across time, and to study the potential impact that earlier loneliness (the relative absence of intimacy) had on …
Becoming: Stories Of L'Arche Children, Caroline A. Currie
Becoming: Stories Of L'Arche Children, Caroline A. Currie
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In this study, I explore what it means to be a child of L’Arche from a combined narrative and autoethnographic approach. L’Arche is an international federation of intentional communities where individuals with a developmental disability and non-disabled individuals live together in the spirit of the Beatitudes. While much is written about the history and philosophy of L’Arche, and the personal experiences of its adult members, L’Arche’s narrative does not include the voice of its children. Therefore, my study aims to give voice to the stories of L’Arche children so they may be included in the narrative of L’Arche. It is …
Why Do Young Children Forget Where They Learned Information? The Relation Between Source Monitoring, Theory-Of-Mind Understanding And Suggestibility, Angela D. Evans
Why Do Young Children Forget Where They Learned Information? The Relation Between Source Monitoring, Theory-Of-Mind Understanding And Suggestibility, Angela D. Evans
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
In Study one, Fifty young children (3- to 5- year-olds) watched a video and were then interviewed about the video by a Knowledgeable interviewer, who had watched the video with the children, and a Naive interviewer, who had not seen the video. Children were asked yes/no recognition questions, half of which contained misleading suggestions. After five to seven days, children were asked the same yes/no recognition questions by a third Naïve interviewer. Children then completed a source-monitoring task Followed by three theory-of-mind tests. Study two followed the same methodologies as Study one but with an increased sample size (72 children), …
The Effect Of Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) And Cb1 Antagonists On Sucrose And Quinine Palatability: Direct Measurement With The Taste Reactivity Test, Maegan Jarrett
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Anecdotal reports suggest that cannabinoid agonists enhance palatability and that antagonists reduce palatability; however there has been little direct experimental evidence for these claims. The taste reactivity (TR) test is a direct measure of palatability in rats (Grill & Norgren, 1978). In Experiments 1 and 4, the taste reactivity (TR) test was used to evaluate the potential of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to modify both sucrose and quinine palatability. The TR test revealed that THC (0.5 mg/kg) increases the palatability of sucrose solutions at 120 min post-injection, regardless of the sucrose concentration. THC (0.5 mg/kg) also decreased the aversiveness of the quinine …
Forging And Severing Connections Between Historical Injustices And Current Experience, Gregory Roy Gunn
Forging And Severing Connections Between Historical Injustices And Current Experience, Gregory Roy Gunn
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Past research on temporal self-appraisal theory has revealed that individuals are able to maintain a positive sense of self by subjectively moving favourable past events forward and unfavourable past events backward in time. The current study extends past work by examining whether individuals alter subjective distance from historical injustices to protect their collective identity. Men, as members of a perpetrator group, may perceive past injustices against women as a threat to their collective identity. As such, men may be motivated to subjectively move past injustices backward in time. On the other hand, women, as members of a victim group, may …