Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Effects Of Ginko Biloba On Memory In Rats For Maze Tricks, Christopher Deleon
Effects Of Ginko Biloba On Memory In Rats For Maze Tricks, Christopher Deleon
Modern Psychological Studies
Previous studies have investigated the effects of an extract of ginkgo biloba on acquisition, performance and retention in rats. It has been suggested that ginkgo increases mental precision by increasing blood flow to the brain. To determine whether ginkgo is a memory enhancer two female Sprague Dawley rats were tested for maze performance during four stages. Stages included four days of maze performance and four days of no maze performance. Subjects were tested in each stage with or without ginkgo in their water supply. It was predicted that subjects would show improved maze performance as measured by a decrease in …
The Impact Of Previous Operant Learning On Subsequent Maze Learning In Rats, Anissa Adams
The Impact Of Previous Operant Learning On Subsequent Maze Learning In Rats, Anissa Adams
Modern Psychological Studies
The inhibition or facilitation of additional learning is a subject that can be investigated with a controlled study. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the effects of previous learning on the inhibiting or facilitation of additional learning. This study was designed to examine whether or not previous learning (continuous reinforcement in an operant chamber) affects how swiftly a rat learns how to run a maze when compared to naive (untrained) rats. A total of nine rats were used, five were previously CRF trained and the remaining four were experimentally naive. Each rat was deprived of water …
Juror Perception: Criminal Verdicts Based On Race, G. S. Bradshaw
Juror Perception: Criminal Verdicts Based On Race, G. S. Bradshaw
Modern Psychological Studies
Many studies have investigated factors that affect juror decision making. The results of these studies vary. This study was designed to examine the effect of race of jurors on their perceptions of guilt in a criminal case, and whether or not race of the defendant influenced the juror's perception of guilt. College students served as participants and were asked to read a summary of a criminal case in which the defendant was in possession of marijuana. The race of the defendant was varied (black, white, or race not specified) and subjects were required to determine if the defendant was guilty …
Stimulating Fear Reduction: Visual Stimulus, Verbal And Spatial Concentration And Their Effects On Fear, Gregory E. Dixon
Stimulating Fear Reduction: Visual Stimulus, Verbal And Spatial Concentration And Their Effects On Fear, Gregory E. Dixon
Modern Psychological Studies
Studies have suggested that visual stimuli evoking positive emotions may counter the effects of negative emotions. A high level of involvement in a distracting task may reduce the severity of negative emotions. This study combined visual stimuli with level of mental involvement to determine if they had an effect on fear. It was posited that two types of visual stimuli—amusing and spatial—would lower fear, and a high level of involvement with each stimulus would enhance this effect. The stimuli were delivered over the Internet. Fear level was measured using the self-report for the word "afraid" from PANAS. A significant interaction …
To Read Or Not To Read: The Usefulness Of Informed Consent, Natasha E. Webb, Elizabeth D. Taylor
To Read Or Not To Read: The Usefulness Of Informed Consent, Natasha E. Webb, Elizabeth D. Taylor
Modern Psychological Studies
Informed consent is an important ethical factor for medicine, psychology, and other needed disciplines. It is necessary for participants to understand an intended research project or procedure in which they plan to take part. This study examined the usefulness of informed consent by administering such a form prior to an irrelevant questionnaire. A simple task was inserted into the reading, which allowed assessment of whether participants actually read the form. Results obtained through the experiment supported the hypothesis that the majority of the participants would not read the consent form. While less than half of each sex actually read the …
Understanding The Problem Of School Violence: Predictive Factors Of Bullying And Victimization, Alisha Santana
Understanding The Problem Of School Violence: Predictive Factors Of Bullying And Victimization, Alisha Santana
Modern Psychological Studies
With the recent surge in school violence, academics have been motivated to investigate factors that influence this tragic phenomenon. Parents, teachers, and other professionals have made broad generalizations as to why children act so maliciously, and some of the research confirms these common sense notions. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the literature and scrutinize its validity. The current paper examines research addressing predictive factors of both bullying and victimization. Results have shown that access to guns, parenting style, parental involvement, social networks, delinquency, social isolation, and prosocial behavior all are associated with bullying behavior. Similarly, victimization is related to …
The Relationship Between Religious Knowledge And Dogmatism In College Students, Christopher F. Silver
The Relationship Between Religious Knowledge And Dogmatism In College Students, Christopher F. Silver
Modern Psychological Studies
The relationship between general knowledge of world religions and dogmatism was investigated in a group of college students in Tennessee. Knowledge of world religions was assessed with a written survey and the scores were compared to scores on the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. Dogmatism is a reluctance to accept new ideas outside of one's own belief or disbeliefs. The results supported the hypothesis that individuals with high levels of dogmatism would also have low levels of knowledge about religious traditions other than their own. Additional analysis indicated that people who identify themselves as more spiritual than religious had lower dogmatism scores …
Synchrony And Conflict: The Relationships Among Eating Disordered Attitudes, Gender Role Orientation, And Dating Styles, Marybeth R. Schubert, Elizabeth Nutt Williams
Synchrony And Conflict: The Relationships Among Eating Disordered Attitudes, Gender Role Orientation, And Dating Styles, Marybeth R. Schubert, Elizabeth Nutt Williams
Modern Psychological Studies
College students were surveyed to explore the relationship between eating disordered attitudes, gender role, and dating style. Specifically, two theories regarding gender role were examined: femininity theory and discrepancy theory. The premise of femininity theory was supported in that femininetyped individuals were more likely to report eating disordered behaviors. In addition, a new measure of dating attitudes was created to provide an assessment of nontraditional dating attitudes; surprisingly not only did those scoring high on eating disordered behaviors also score low on nontraditional dating attitudes, but so did both feminine and androgynous individuals. The results underscore the complexity of the …
Crime And Violence In Men With Schizophrenia: A Literature Review, Bianca Dijulio
Crime And Violence In Men With Schizophrenia: A Literature Review, Bianca Dijulio
Modern Psychological Studies
This literature review examines the strength of the relationship between schizophrenia and violence, symptoms associated with violence in schizophrenics, and two drug treatments associated with treating violence in schizophrenia. In terms of the relationship between schizophrenia and violence, schizophrenia does not surpass other mental illnesses in its association with violence; however, just as other mental illnesses do, it surpasses the normal population in levels of violence. Two symptoms, hostility and suspiciousness, are common in violent schizophrenics. In contrast, antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy have not been clearly associated with violent schizophrenics, most likely due to methodological problems. Similarly, hallucinations, delusions, …