Psychology Commons^™

Substance Or Style? An Investigation Of The Neo-Pi-R Validity Scales, Leslie C. Morey, Brian D. Quigley, Charles A. Sanislow, Andrew E. Skodol, Thomas H. Mcglashan, M. Tracie Shea, Robert L. Stout, Mary C. Zanarini, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992b) has been criticized for the absence of validity scales designed to detect response distortion. Recently, validity scales were developed from the items of the NEO-PI-R (Schinka, Kinder, & Kremer, 1997) and several studies have used a variety of methods to test their use. However, it is controversial whether these scales are measuring something that is substantive (such as psychopathology or its absence) or stylistic (which might be effortful distortion or less conscious processes such as lack of insight). In this study, we used a multimethod-multitrait approach to examine the validity …

Single Men's Use Of Sexual Aggression: A Meta-Analysis & Implications For Intervention, F. Christopher, Tiffani Kisler, S. Burch

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Patient Treatment Adherence Research In Chronic Disease: The Action Is In The Interaction, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

A Fitting Strategy, Carol Gill

Carol Gill

Take advantage of the tools available to check the fit between HRM and business strategy

7. Expert Testimony On The Suggestibility Of Children: Does It Fit?, Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

A Model System For Study Of Sex Chromosome Effects On Sexually Dimorphic Neural And Behavioral Traits, Geert De Vries, E. F. Rissman, R. B. Simerly, Y. L. Yang, E. M. Scordalakes, C. J. Auger, A. Swain, R. Lovell-Badge, P. S. Burgoyne, A. P. Arnold

Geert De Vries

We tested the hypothesis that genes encoded on the sex chromosomes play a direct role in sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. We used mice in which the testis-determining gene (Sry) was moved from the Y chromosome to an autosome (by deletion ofSry from the Y and subsequent insertion of anSry transgene onto an autosome), so that the determination of testis development occurred independently of the complement of X or Y chromosomes. We compared XX and XY mice with ovaries (females) and XX and XY mice with testes (males). These comparisons allowed us to assess the effect of sex chromosome …

Therapeutic Progress: Evaluating Differences In Client Gender, K. Greving, Tiffani Kisler, L. Dumka, M. Lunka

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Family Environment And Donor Source On Patient Equality Of Life Following Renal Transplantation, Alan Christensen, Katherine Raichle, Shawna Ehlers, Andrew Bertolatus

Alan J. Christensen

The authors examined the degree to which the supportiveness of a patient's family environment predicts change in quality of life following renal transplantation. The sample consisted of 95 patients receiving renal grafts from either a living donor or a cadaveric donor. Patients were initially assessed prior to transplantation with follow-up assessment occurring an average of 5.5 months after transplantation. Among patients receiving a living-donor kidney, those reporting a more supportive family environment exhibited reduced depression, improved mobility, and improved social functioning. However, those living-donor recipients reporting less family support exhibited increased depression and diminished mobility and social functioning after transplantation. …

Children's Form Of The Competitive State Anxiety For Children (The Csai-2c), Robert E. Stadulis, Mary J. Maccracken

Dr. Mary J. MacCracken

6. Child Witnesses And The Oath., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

The Unreliable Narrator, Or The Difference Between Writing Prose In Literature And In Social Science, Jane Piirto

Jane Piirto

No abstract provided.

Traumatic Exposure And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Borderline, Schizotypal, Avoidant, And Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Shirley Yen, M. Tracie Shea, Cynthia L. Battle, Dawn M. Johnson, Caron Zlotnick, Regina Dolan-Sewell, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo, John G. Gunderson, Charles A. Sanislow, Mary C. Zanarini, Donna S. Bender, Jennifer B. Rettew, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The association between trauma and personality disorders (PDs), while receiving much attention and debate, has not been comprehensively examined for multiple types of trauma and PDs. The authors examined data from a multisite study of four PD groups: schizotypal, borderline (BPD), avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive, and a major depression comparison group. Rates of traumatic exposure to specific types of trauma, age of first trauma onset, and rates of posttraumatic stress disorder are compared. Results indicate that BPD participants reported the highest rate of traumatic exposure (particularly to sexual traumas, including childhood sexual abuse), the highest rate of posttraumatic stress disorder, and …

Co-Occurrence Of Dsm-Iv Personality Disorders With Borderline Personality Disorder, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Are Current State Standards For Domestic Violence Perpetrator Treatment Adequately Informed By Research? A Question Of Questions, Hsin-Hua C. Lin

H. Cynthia Lin

No abstract provided.

Understanding Sexuality In Close Relationships, F. Christopher, Tiffani Kisler

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Patient Personality And Mortality: A 4-Year Prospective Examination Of Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Alan Christensen, Shawna Ehlers, John Wiebe, Patricia Moran, Katherine Raichle, Karin Ferneyhough, William Lawton

Alan J. Christensen

The present study examined the role of personality as a predictor of mortality among patients with chronic renal insufficiency. A prospective evaluation of the influence of personality on patient survival was conducted over an average 49-month period. Cox regression was used to evaluate the effects of 5 dimensions of personality in a sample of 174 patients (100 male and 74 female). At follow-up, 49 patients had died. Significant demographic and clinical predictors of survival included age, diabetic status, and hemoglobin level. After these predictors were controlled for, 2 personality traits, conscientiousness and neuroticism, predicted patient mortality. Patients with high neuroticism …

Patient Adherence With Medical Treatment Regimens: An Interactive Approach, Alan Christensen, Jamie Johnson

Alan J. Christensen

Inadequate patient adherence to treatment regimens is a ubiquitous problem in health care and carries a profound personal, societal, and economic cost. This article illustrates a general theoretical framework we believe to be useful for the interpretation, conception, and design of adherence research. The core tenet of this framework is that factors that influence adherence can be better understood by considering the interactive effects of patients' characteristics, type of adherence intervention, and characteristics of the illness and medical treatment context. This framework represents an extension and application of previous theory and research from personality, social, and clinical psychology concerning the …

Psychological Factors In End-Stage Renal Disease: An Emerging Context For Behavioral Medicine Research, Alan Christensen, Shawna Ehlers

Alan J. Christensen

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a chronic, life-threatening condition afflicting over 300,000 Americans. Patient nonadherence and psychological distress are highly prevalent among ESRD patients, and both have been found to contribute to greater morbidity and earlier mortality in this population. A range of factors have been examined as potential determinants of adherence and adjustment. Evidence suggests that adherence and adjustment are maximized when a patient's preferred style of coping is consistent with the contextual features or demands of the renal intervention the patient is undergoing. Challenges for future clinical research include refining methodologies for the assessment of depression and adherence, …

5. Scientific Support For Expert Testimony On Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

An Interactive Framework For Patient Adherence Research, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of The Psychology Place: A Web-Based Instructional Tool For Psychology Courses., Steffen Wilson, Amy Harris

Steffen Wilson

This study examined the effectiveness of the commercial Web site, The Psychology Place (http://psychologyplace.com) in helping students learn course material in an introductory psychology course. This site consists of linked pages that contain tutorials, readings, and links to relevant sites. All participants in this study attended conventional course lecture. In addition, half of the participants completed assignments from this Web site. Students who completed assignments from The Psychology Place and attended lecture demonstrated better understanding and retention of course material than students who had only attended lecture. This finding is noteworthy for instructors because incorporating this site into a course …

Gifts For The Soul: A Guided Journey Of Discovery, Transformation, And Infinite Possibilities (Book Author, Dawn E. Clark; Book Reviewer, Carroy Ferguson)), Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

Dawn E. Clark's Gifts for the Soul is an intriguing self-help book, full of promise and hope for a new way to engage in self-healing and what the author calls soul healing through soul retrieval work. According to the author, the ancient healing tradition of soul retrieval to heal soul loss has been documented by many cultural anthropologists. The tradition apparently has been traced to a belief in the ancient concept of soul loss, embraced by many civilizations and diverse cultures in North America, Australia, Asia, South America and the shaman tradition as far back as 10,000 years ago. Soul …

Personality Characteristics Among Cardiothoracic Transplant Recipients, Carol Stilley, Mary Dew, Paul Pilkonis, Ann Bender, Mary Mcnulty, Alan Christensen, Kenneth Mccurry, Robert Kormos

Alan J. Christensen

Personality characteristics are clinically believed to predict posttransplant adherence and outcome; however, data, as to the prevalence and type of personality disorders (PDs) and distribution of personality traits among transplant (txp) populations, are sparse and inconclusive. This paper reports on the prevalence and type of PD and range of personality traits, according to the Five-Factor model, among 73 adult cardiothoracic txp recipients. It represents the first systematic assessment of PDs and traits in a sample of txp recipients. Personality disorders were assessed with a semistructured diagnostic interview; personality traits were assessed with a self-report instrument. Thirty-three percent of the sample …

Can Law And Economics Be Both Practical And Principled?, David A. Hoffman, Michael P. O'Shea

David A Hoffman

This article describes important recent developments in normative law and economics, and the difficulties they create for the project of efficiency-based legal reform. After long proceeding without a well articulated moral justification for using economic decision procedures to choose legal rules, scholars have lately begun to devote serious attention to developing a philosophically attractive definition of well-being. At the same time, the empirical side of law and economics is also being enriched with an improved understanding of the complexities of individuals' decision-making behavior. That is where the problems begin. Scholars may have better, more plausible conceptions of well-being in hand, …

Patient Treatment Adherence Research In Chronic Disease: The Action Is In The Interaction, Alan Christensen

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Functional Impairment In Patients With Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, And Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Ingrid R. Dyck, Robert L. Stout, Donna S. Bender, Carlos M. Grilo, M. Tracie Shea, Mary C. Zanarini, Leslie C. Morey, Charles A. Sanislow, John M. Oldham

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial functioning in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and patients with major depressive disorder and no personality disorder.

Method: Patients (N=668) were recruited by the four clinical sites of the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The carefully diagnosed study groups were compared on an array of domains of psychosocial functioning, as measured by the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation—Baseline Version and the Social Adjustment Scale.

Results: Patients with schizotypal personality disorder and borderline personality disorder were found to have significantly more impairment at work, in social relationships, and …

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Dsm-Iv Criteria For Borderline Personality Disorder: Findings From The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Leslie C. Morey, Donna S. Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, M. Tracie Shea, Robert L. Stout, Mary C. Zanarini, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Objective: This study tested the factor structure of the DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder by using confirmatory methods for the analysis of covariance structures in a large group from a multisite study.

Method: A total of 668 primarily treatment-seeking subjects were reliably assessed for personality disorders by using the Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. Associations among criteria for borderline personality disorder were examined. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test diagnosis as a unitary construct and to test an earlier-reported three-factor model comprising disturbed relatedness, behavioral dysregulation, and affective dysregulation. The three-factor model was subsequently tested by …

4. Interviewing Children In And Out Of Court: Current Research And Practice Implications., Karen J. Saywitz, Gail S. Goodman, Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Tangible Pictures: Viewpoint Effects And Linear Perspective In Visually Impaired People, Morton A. Heller, Deneen D. Brackett, Eric Scroggs, Heather Steffen, Kim Heatherly, Shana Salik

Morton A. Heller

Perception of raised-line pictures in blindfolded-sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and low-vision subjects was studied in a series of experiments. The major aim of the study was to examine the value of perspective drawings for haptic pictures and visually impaired individuals. In experiment 1, subjects felt two wooden boards joined at 458, 908, or 1358, and were instructed to pick the correct perspective drawing from among four choices. The first experiment on perspective found a significant effect of visual status, with much higher performance by the low-vision subjects. Mean performance for the congenitally blind subjects was not significantly different from that …

Procrastination, Conscientiousness, Anxiety, And Goals: Exploring The Measurement And Correlates Of Procrastination Among School-Aged Children, Steven J. Scher, Nicole M. Osterman

Steven J. Scher

We explore the reliability and validity of a self-report measure of procrastination and conscientiousness designed for use with third- to fifth-grade students. The responses of 120 students are compared with teacher and parent ratings of the student. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were also used to examine the structure of the scale. Procrastination and conscientiousness are highly correlated (inversely); evidence suggests that procrastination and conscientiousness are aspects of the same construct. Procrastination and conscientiousness are correlated with the Physiological Anxiety subscale of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, and with the Task (Mastery) and Avoidance (Task Aversiveness) subscales of Skaalvik’s …