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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
I Know What You Know: Assumptions About Others' Knowledge And Their Effects On Message Construction, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong
I Know What You Know: Assumptions About Others' Knowledge And Their Effects On Message Construction, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Current models of interpersonal communication assume that estimation of listener's knowledge is a basis for message formulation. By introducing methodological modifications to the Fussell and Krauss paradigm, the present study provides more definitive evidence for the use of knowledge estimation in message productions.
Superior Episodic Memory Is Associated With Interhemispheric Processing, Ruth E. Propper, Stephen D. Christman
Superior Episodic Memory Is Associated With Interhemispheric Processing, Ruth E. Propper, Stephen D. Christman
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The dependence of episodic memories on interhemispheric processing was tested. In Experiment 1, positive familial sinistrality (FS+; e.g., the presence of left-handed relatives) was associated with superior episodic memory and inferior implicit memory in comparison with negative familial sinistrality (i.e., FS-). This reflected a greater degree of interhemispheric interaction in FS+ participants, which was hypothesized as facilitating episodic memory. In Experiment 2, the authors directly manipulated inter- versus intrahemispheric processing using tests of episodic (recognition) and semantic (lexical decision) memory in which letter strings were presented twice within trial blocks. Semantic memory was superior when the 2nd presentation went to …
Gender Differences In Risk Perception: Broadening The Contexts, Jan L. Hitchcock
Gender Differences In Risk Perception: Broadening The Contexts, Jan L. Hitchcock
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The author surveys literature on the effect of gender on risk perception.
Graphical Perception Of Nonlinear Trends: Discrimination And Extrapolation, Lisa A. Best
Graphical Perception Of Nonlinear Trends: Discrimination And Extrapolation, Lisa A. Best
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation investigated several factors involved in the perception of nonlinear relationships in time series graphs. To model real-world data sets, the graphed data included different sample sizes and levels of variability, and represented different underlying trends. Graph format was also varied. The purpose of the experiments was to determine how these factors affect both trend discrimination and extrapolation accuracy, with the overall goal of determining what types of graphs are optimal in different situations. In Experiment 1, subjects viewed time series graphs on a computer screen and had to identify the type of trend that was present. Six trends …
Kefallinia: The Imperial Legacy Of Britain's Greek Empire, Nicholas Patricios
Kefallinia: The Imperial Legacy Of Britain's Greek Empire, Nicholas Patricios
Nicholas Patricios
Kefallinía is the largest of the seven Ionian Islands off the west coast of Greece. These Islands were for over five decades in the first half of the nineteenth century an independent state under British protection and known as the United States of the Ionian Islands. British imperial legacy in Kefallinía included an island road network that forms the basis of transport today, lighthouses, bridges, a quay, a customs house, courts of justice, a prison, a hospital, and public squares. Three men were responsible for the remarkable physical transformation of Kefallinía in the form of major civic projects and public …
The Effect Of Age-Related Stereotypes On Memory Self-Efficacy And Memory Task-Performance Of Older Adults, Brenda Karns
The Effect Of Age-Related Stereotypes On Memory Self-Efficacy And Memory Task-Performance Of Older Adults, Brenda Karns
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Forty-six older adults participated in a study to examine the hypothesis that there is a significant association between stereotypes of age-related memory decline and memory self-efficacy beliefs. It was also hypothesized that this relationship affects performance on measures of memory performance. A measure of age stereotype vulnerability was assessed along with two measures of memory self-efficacy, four measures of implicit, explicit, and working memory, and two measures of implicit and explicit sequential learning. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among stereotypes of age, memory self-efficacy, and subsequent performance on various tasks of memory and learning. Emphasis was …
Poorer European Countries Are Less Concerned About Biotechnology Than Richer Countries, Michael Siegrist
Poorer European Countries Are Less Concerned About Biotechnology Than Richer Countries, Michael Siegrist
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The author examines the relationship between GNP, media coverage, and public perceptions of the utility, risk, and acceptability of medical and food-related applications of biotechnology.
Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky
Over A Decade Of Comparative Risk Analysis: A Review Of The Human Health Rankings, David M. Konisky
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The author reviews a method for undertaking a cross-project comparison of comparative risk analyses to understand which environmental problem areas have been cited most as often posing the severest risks.
Are Suicide Attempters Who Self-Mutilate A Unique Population?, Barbara Stanley, Marc Gameroff, Venezia Michalsen, John Mann
Are Suicide Attempters Who Self-Mutilate A Unique Population?, Barbara Stanley, Marc Gameroff, Venezia Michalsen, John Mann
Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
OBJECTIVE: Individuals who mutilate themselves are at greater risk for suicidal behavior. Clinically, however, there is a perception that the suicide attempts of self-mutilators are motivated by the desire for attention rather than by a genuine wish to die. The purpose of this study was to determine differences between suicide attempters with and without a history of self-mutilation.
METHOD: The authors examined demographic characteristics, psychopathology, objective and perceived lethality of suicide attempts, and perceptions of their suicidal behavior in 30 suicide attempters with cluster B personality disorders who had a history of self-mutilation and a matched group of 23 suicide …
The Relationship Between Receptive Vocabulary And Letter Recognition, James Bennett
The Relationship Between Receptive Vocabulary And Letter Recognition, James Bennett
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
The West Virginia Educare Program has randomly chosen 150 children from 2 ½ to 5 years of age to participate in an academic readiness study. These children came from a 6 county pilot community program collaborative, including the counties of Cabell, Wayne, Monongalia, Roane, Upshur, Webster, and Summers. The Bracken-R, the PPVT-III, and Carolina Curriculum for Pre-Schoolers with special needs were used to assess all subjects. For this study, the letter recognition subset of the Bracken-R and the raw score of the PPVT-III were used to determine if a correlation exists between receptive vocabulary and letter recognition. This study found …
Cognitive And Emotional Variables In Childhood Anxiety, Robin L. Browning
Cognitive And Emotional Variables In Childhood Anxiety, Robin L. Browning
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Research was conducted on 60 subjects from mental health agencies in order to determine that childhood anxiety and depression can be differentiated. The 60 subjects were given the CDI and the RCMAS self-report measures in order to be placed in groups. This allowed the subjects to be divided into 4 groups: Anxious, Anxious/Depressed, Depressed and Not Anxious/Not Depressed. The 4 groups were then given 2 additional self-report measures, the STAIC and FSSC -R to measure whether Anxious and the Anxious/Depressed children exhibited more fears and anxious traits than did the Depressed and Not Anxious/Not Depressed children. Analyses of variance revealed …
Current Psychological Perceptions Of Clothing As A Form Of Communication In The Business Environment, Amy L. Trowbridge
Current Psychological Perceptions Of Clothing As A Form Of Communication In The Business Environment, Amy L. Trowbridge
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
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'Reading The Play' Situational Awareness And Performance Of Australian Football League Players, Craig Harms
'Reading The Play' Situational Awareness And Performance Of Australian Football League Players, Craig Harms
Theses : Honours
Many high-performing Australian Football (AF) players appear to be better at 'reading the play' than other AF players. One cognitive capacity that appears to be similar in nature to 'reading the play', and that has been associated with the performance of elite pilots, is Situational Awareness (SA). The principal focus of this study was to examine the extent to which individual differences in an AF -specific measure of SA and the PC-based WOMBATTM test of SA were associated with individual differences in AF player performance, within the context of physiological and psychomotor capacities, using Multiple Regression Analysis. The results …
The Effects Of Misleading Information And Group Discussion On Eyewitness Testimony, Matthew A. Cook
The Effects Of Misleading Information And Group Discussion On Eyewitness Testimony, Matthew A. Cook
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The purpose of the present studies was to assess the separate and interactive effects of misinformation and group discussion on eyewitness testimony. In Experiments 1and 2, participants viewed a short video of a simulated robbery and shooting, and were then presented with either neutral or misleading information that was embedded in forced-choice questionnaires in a recognition test. Participants were subsequently randomly assigned to a group-recognition or individual-recognition condition. Groups were instructed to answer questions about details of the video (in Experiment 1 they were instructed to try to reach consensus), while individuals completed the recognition task on their own. Finally, …
Probabilistic Principles In Unsupervised Learning Of Visual Structure: Human Data And A Model, Shimon Edelman, Benjamin P. Hiles, Hwajin Yang, Nathan Intrator
Probabilistic Principles In Unsupervised Learning Of Visual Structure: Human Data And A Model, Shimon Edelman, Benjamin P. Hiles, Hwajin Yang, Nathan Intrator
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
To find out how the representations of structured visual objects depend on the co-occurrence statistics of their constituents, we exposed subjects to a set of composite images with tight control exerted over (1) the conditional probabilities of the constituent fragments, and (2) the value of Barlow's criterion of "suspicious coincidence" (the ratio of joint probability to the product of marginals). We then compared the part verification response times for various probe/target combinations before and after the exposure. For composite probes, the speedup was much larger for targets that contained pairs of fragments perfectly predictive of each other, compared to those …
Distinguishing Natural Language Processes On The Basis Of Fmri-Measured Brain Activation, Francisco Pereira, Marcel Just, Tom Mitchell
Distinguishing Natural Language Processes On The Basis Of Fmri-Measured Brain Activation, Francisco Pereira, Marcel Just, Tom Mitchell
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
Mental Rotation Of Objects Retrieved From Memory: An Fmri Study Of Spatial Processing, Marcel Just, Patricia Carpenter, Mandy Maguire, Vaibhav Diwadkar, Stephanie Mcmains
Mental Rotation Of Objects Retrieved From Memory: An Fmri Study Of Spatial Processing, Marcel Just, Patricia Carpenter, Mandy Maguire, Vaibhav Diwadkar, Stephanie Mcmains
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
Interdependence Of Non-Overlapping Cortical Systems In Dual Cognitive Tasks, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, Timothy A. Keller, Lisa Emery, Holly Zajac, Keith R. Thulborn
Interdependence Of Non-Overlapping Cortical Systems In Dual Cognitive Tasks, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, Timothy A. Keller, Lisa Emery, Holly Zajac, Keith R. Thulborn
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
The Neural Bases Of Sentence Comprehension: A Fmri Examination Of Syntactic And Lexical Processing, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
The Neural Bases Of Sentence Comprehension: A Fmri Examination Of Syntactic And Lexical Processing, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
An Fmri Investigation Of Sentence Comprehension By Eye And By Ear: Modality Fingerprints On Cognitive Processes, Erica B. Michael, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
An Fmri Investigation Of Sentence Comprehension By Eye And By Ear: Modality Fingerprints On Cognitive Processes, Erica B. Michael, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.