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1993

Modern Psychological Studies

Articles 1 - 10 of 10

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Front Matter Jan 1993

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.


Effects Of Juror And Expert Witness Gender On Jurors' Perceptions Of An Expert Witness, Lynelle Vondergeest, Charles R. Honts, Mary K. Devitt Jan 1993

Effects Of Juror And Expert Witness Gender On Jurors' Perceptions Of An Expert Witness, Lynelle Vondergeest, Charles R. Honts, Mary K. Devitt

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the effects of juror and expert witness gender on jurors' perceptions of an expert witness. Undergraduate psychology students completed the Bern Sex Role Inventory and then read an edited trial transcript of an armed robbery case. The trial transcript contained expert testimony from a polygraph examiner. In half of the transcripts the expert was male and in the other half the expert was female. Subjects were then asked to render a verdict and answer questions about their perceptions of the witnesses and the trial. No significant effects were found in either the verdicts or the questionnaire responses …


Children's Understanding Of Intentions, Emotions, And Intention-Emotion Relationships, Kathleen Grace Haver, Elaine M. Justice Jan 1993

Children's Understanding Of Intentions, Emotions, And Intention-Emotion Relationships, Kathleen Grace Haver, Elaine M. Justice

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined children's understanding of the role of intentionality in social interactions. Four, six, and eight year olds were read stories, illustrated with simple pictures, depicting accidental or deliberate actions. The study used a forced choice paradigm that asked children to indicate which of two pictures showed (1) an intentional (or unintentional) act and (2) a situation in which the victim would be sad (or mad). Six and eight year olds, but not Four year olds, correctly identified deliberate actions at above chance levels. Eight year olds identified accidental actions and situations in which the victim would be mad …


The Presence Of Gender Biases And Sex-Role Stereotypres In Animated Children's Movies, Tracey K. Wheatcraft Jan 1993

The Presence Of Gender Biases And Sex-Role Stereotypres In Animated Children's Movies, Tracey K. Wheatcraft

Modern Psychological Studies

This study explored the occurrences of gender biases and sex-role stereotypes in animated children's movies. The contents of thirteen movies were analyzed in this study, including both adventure and romance-based selections. Six of the movies featured female central characters and seven featured male central characters. The results of the study indicate that gender biases are present in the number of males and females portrayed (p < .01) as well as in the number of rescue behaviors exhibited by the characters (p < .01). Stereotypical differences in masculine and feminine personality characteristics were shown to be present, but not to a significant extent (p > .05).


Personality Factors Related To Sobriety For Participants In Alcoholics Anonymous, Harold L. Goodearle, Colleen Hester Jan 1993

Personality Factors Related To Sobriety For Participants In Alcoholics Anonymous, Harold L. Goodearle, Colleen Hester

Modern Psychological Studies

The effects of extraversion introversion (E-I), locus of control (LC), and attitudes towards a "Power greater than ourselves" (PGO) on number of relapse episodes, number of times in treatment, and length of sobriety were explored. Volunteers from local Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) groups (n=72) and two inpatient treatment centers (n=52) completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Rotter Locus of Control measure, a questionnaire designed by the author to assess attitudes concerning the concept adopted by A.A. of a PGO, and a brief self report survey. Results of the multiple regression analyses exploring the effects of E-I, LC, and PGO indicated the …


The Effects Of Education On Homophobic Attitudes In College Students, Janell Horton, Mark Senffner, K. Schiffner, E. Riveria, Judith G. Foy Jan 1993

The Effects Of Education On Homophobic Attitudes In College Students, Janell Horton, Mark Senffner, K. Schiffner, E. Riveria, Judith G. Foy

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether attitudes towards homosexuals could be modified by education from a biological or moral/religious perspective. Sixty-eight male and fifty-seven female volunteers from a mid-sized Catholic liberal arts university were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group viewed a video discussing homosexuality from a biological perspective. The second group viewed a video discussing homosexuality from a moral/religious perspective. The subject's attitudes towards homosexuality were measured with a modified version of Smith's "Homophobic Scale" (Lumby, 1976) immediately after viewing the video. A two-way (video x gender) ANOVA revealed significant main effects of video …


Perceptions Of Date Rape On A College Campus, Donita A. Phipps, Christine M. Szekeres Jan 1993

Perceptions Of Date Rape On A College Campus, Donita A. Phipps, Christine M. Szekeres

Modern Psychological Studies

The occurrences and attitudes about date rape were surveyed at a small Midwestern college campus. They were measured through a vignette in which a date rape occurred, and a survey which contained demographic questions, true/false and Likert scale items. The Likert items were divided into three types: 1) nine questions a date rapist would strongly agree with (male initiator items); 2) nine questions someone sophisticated about rape would strongly agree with (egalitarian items); and 3) three neutral questions (bystander items). From these items a male-initiator and egalitarian score was derived for each S. T-test results indicate that male Ss had …


The Relationship Amond Self-, Teachers', And Peers' Perceptions Of Competence For Children With Severe Behavior Disorders, Anna Marie Stewart, David S. Glenwick Jan 1993

The Relationship Amond Self-, Teachers', And Peers' Perceptions Of Competence For Children With Severe Behavior Disorders, Anna Marie Stewart, David S. Glenwick

Modern Psychological Studies

This study investigated the feasibility of Harter's multidomain perceived self-competence scales with children evidencing severe behavior disorders. Subjects were 46 children in a psychoeducational day treatment program. The younger group (n=29), ages 5--7 years, was administered Harter's Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. The older group (g=17), ages 8--9 years, was administered Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children. Additionally, the children rated their peers on a peer rating scale, and their teachers rated the children's competence using Harter's teacher rating scales. The resulting pattern of correlations among self-, teachers', and peers' ratings, and ttests comparing self- …


Birth, Death, And Recreation: An Archetypical Interpretation Of Mary Shelley's Waking Vision, Irish-Ann Burch Jan 1993

Birth, Death, And Recreation: An Archetypical Interpretation Of Mary Shelley's Waking Vision, Irish-Ann Burch

Modern Psychological Studies

Mary Shelly, the author of Frankenstein (Shelley, 1831), experienced a waking vision, leading to the creation of Frankenstein. Using Jungian theory, the characters in Frankenstein can be understood as projections of Mary's repressed feelings. These projections occurred because of Mary's strong identification with the mother archetype, consisting of 1) the maternal element and 2) the Eros. Mary had a hypertrophy (exaggerated identification) of the maternal element and a strong identification with the Eros, due to the early death of her mother and the later deaths of her three children. These events combined to produce Mary's unique personality development and her …


Worry And The Inhibition Of Emotionally Valanced Stimuli In A Directed Forgetting Paradigm, T. Michelle Brown, Rich Metzger, Carol Bilbrey Jan 1993

Worry And The Inhibition Of Emotionally Valanced Stimuli In A Directed Forgetting Paradigm, T. Michelle Brown, Rich Metzger, Carol Bilbrey

Modern Psychological Studies

There is considerable evidence in support of an attentional bias among clinically anxious individuals for threatening stimuli. However, a similar bias is not usually found in non-clinical anxious individuals and neither population has tended to show a response bias for mood-congruent information. We proposed that the measurement of anxiety in normals has previously been flawed due to questionnaires which do not accurately select pathological worry, the cognitive component of anxiety. First, we administered the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and selected only those with the most extreme high and low scores. At the time of testing, these subjects were given a …