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Articles 31 - 60 of 309
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Effects Of Sex And Sexual Orientation On Attractiveness Judgments: An Evolutionary Interpretation, William R. Jankowiak, Elizabeth M. Hill, James M. Donovan
The Effects Of Sex And Sexual Orientation On Attractiveness Judgments: An Evolutionary Interpretation, William R. Jankowiak, Elizabeth M. Hill, James M. Donovan
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
If attractiveness judgments reflect biologically important reproductive criteria, men should base judgments of potential partners on objective physical criteria more than do women; homosexuals and heterosexuals of the same sex should perceive attractiveness in the same terms, regardless of the sex-object choice. To test this theory, photographs of men and women (20 each) were presented to members of four subject groups, solicited on an opportunistic basis. Subjects were asked to rank the sets of photographs separately on the dimensions of physical attractiveness and general social attractiveness. We found some sex differences across sexual orientation. There was less variation among men …
The Simultaneous Presentation Procedure: Use In Selecting Reinforcers For Behavioral Intervention, Daniel Houlihan, Robert Bates-Purple, Robert N. Jones, Howard N. Sloane
The Simultaneous Presentation Procedure: Use In Selecting Reinforcers For Behavioral Intervention, Daniel Houlihan, Robert Bates-Purple, Robert N. Jones, Howard N. Sloane
Psychology Department Publications
Used a simultaneous presentation procedure to select quality reinforcers for 2 identical twin boys (aged 4 yrs) in a summer school program, who were developmentally delayed, noncompliant, and mute. Use of the simultaneous presentation procedure quickly and efficiently helped determine each boy's preferred reinforcer. This preferred reinforcer was then used in an instructional task. For both Ss, the percentage of compliance increased over baseline levels during both the simultaneous presentation and preferred reinforcer phases. However, increased compliance was associated almost exclusively with the selection of each S's preferred reinforcer. The simultaneous presentation procedure may enable trainers to use positive reinforcement …
Mdma And Memory: The Acute And Chronic Effects Of Mdma In Pigeons Performing Under A Delayed-Matching-To-Sample Procedure, Mark Lesage
Masters Theses
The physiological effects of (+) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have been studied extensively. The behavioral effects of MDMA, however, have not been examined in detail. In an attempt to gain further information about its behavioral effects, the acute and chronic effects of MDMA were examined in pigeons responding under a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure with 0-, 3-, and 6-s delays. In the absence of drug, accuracy (percentage o f correct responses) was inversely related to delay length. When administered pre-chronically, MDMA (0.32 to 5.6 mg/kg) decreased accuracy and response rates at higher doses. Tolerance developed following chronic exposure to 3.2 mg/kg. Performance did not …
Tips, Volume 12, No. 2 & 3, 1992, Wolf P. Wolfensberger
Tips, Volume 12, No. 2 & 3, 1992, Wolf P. Wolfensberger
Training Institute Publication Series (TIPS)
• The Realities of Human Services in a Post-Primary Production Economy: Overview
• Examples of Our Post-Primary Production Economy Outside of Human Services
• Clients as Commodities in a Post-Primary Production Human Service System
• The Extent of Human Services in a Post-Primary Production Economy
• Illustrations of the Perversity of the Human Service Sector in a Post-Primary Production Economy
• Human Services as a Displaced Substitute for the Real Thing
• Care Bear Psychotechnology
• Giving Money to Services Instead of to Needy People
• Now This We Call Real Habilitation
• Expansion of Clientage by Defining Ever More …
Time As A Shared Resource : The Effects Of Depression And Behavior Verifiability On Perceptions Of Temporal Investment, Jody Lynn Jones
Time As A Shared Resource : The Effects Of Depression And Behavior Verifiability On Perceptions Of Temporal Investment, Jody Lynn Jones
Master's Theses
People have a tendency to view themselves in a more favorable light than they do others, a phenomenon termed the egocentric bias (Messick, Bloom, Boldizar, & Samuelson, 1985). Past research has shown that people are more likely to display the bias in situations that are "nonverifiable", meaning that there is no way to accurately measure the dimension on which judgments are made (Allison, Messick, & Goethals, 1989). Two experiments tested the hypothesis that only nondepressed individuals in a nonverifiable situation would show the egocentric bias, whereas non depressed subjects in the verifiable condition and depressed subjects in both conditions would …
Relations Among Perspective Taking, Egocentrism, And Self-Esteem In Late Adolescents, Kimberly D. Leister
Relations Among Perspective Taking, Egocentrism, And Self-Esteem In Late Adolescents, Kimberly D. Leister
Master's Theses
This study examined the relations among perspective taking, egocentrism, and self-esteem in a sample of 113 undergraduate college students. Self-report measures of the the three constructs were used. Subjects in different levels of perspective taking did not differ significantly from one another in either egocentrism or self-esteem. Pearson correlations revealed that egocentrism was not related to self-esteem in level 2 perspective takers, but that these two constructs were negatively related in 3 perspective takers. Additionally, when subjects were in level 2 perspective taking, feedback did not alter their perceptions of themselves. However, when in level 3, feedback did affect subjects' …
The Effects Of Public-Posted Feedback On The Use Of A Photocopy Machine By Faculty In An Academic Department, Shijing Hu
The Effects Of Public-Posted Feedback On The Use Of A Photocopy Machine By Faculty In An Academic Department, Shijing Hu
Masters Theses
This study assessed the effects of a public-posting intervention on photocopy machine use by faculty members in an academic department. Public posting included posting of a chart that displayed number of copies made each week by individual faculty members along with the average cumulative rate of copying for previous weeks for each person. The intervention was applied in an A-B-A reversal design where data were collected prior to the intervention under usual conditions (A), during public posting (B), and after the public posting intervention was removed and usual conditions were restored (A). The results indicated that: (1) number of copies …
The Effects Of Sex And Sexual Orientation On Attractiveness Judgments: An Evolutionary Interpretation, William R. Jankowiak, Elizabeth M. Hill, James M. Donovan
The Effects Of Sex And Sexual Orientation On Attractiveness Judgments: An Evolutionary Interpretation, William R. Jankowiak, Elizabeth M. Hill, James M. Donovan
James M. Donovan
If attractiveness judgments reflect biologically important reproductive criteria, men should base judgments of potential partners on objective physical criteria more than do women; homosexuals and heterosexuals of the same sex should perceive attractiveness in the same terms, regardless of the sex-object choice. To test this theory, photographs of men and women (20 each) were presented to members of four subject groups, solicited on an opportunistic basis. Subjects were asked to rank the sets of photographs separately on the dimensions of physical attractiveness and general social attractiveness. We found some sex differences across sexual orientation. There was less variation among men …
Applied Relaxation Training In The Treatment Of Genital Herpes, Kent A. Koehn
Applied Relaxation Training In The Treatment Of Genital Herpes, Kent A. Koehn
Dissertations
Four individuals with frequent recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) were trained in Applied Relaxation (AR). Participants included in the research were all women, had been diagnosed with herpes at least one year prior to the study, experienced 6 or more outbreaks annually, and were not taking antiviral medications.
The experiment employed a multiple baseline across subjects design with individual baselines of 11, 13, 17, and 21 weeks. Participants maintained daily diary recordings of the frequency, duration, and severity of their herpes activity from baseline until a minimum of three months post-treatment.
Treatment consisted of 10 individual AR sessions. …
The Effect Of Combat On The Work/Rest Schedules And Fatigue Of A-6 And F-14 Aviators During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, David F. Neri, Scott A. Shappell
The Effect Of Combat On The Work/Rest Schedules And Fatigue Of A-6 And F-14 Aviators During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, David F. Neri, Scott A. Shappell
Publications
During Operation Desert Shield/Storm, A-6 and F-14 aviators aboard USS AMERICA completed daily activity logs and provided subjective measures of fatigue. Aviators flew frequently at night during Desert Storm, but without substantial sleep-related fatigue or problems. A likely contributing factor was the large number of naval aviation assets brought into the combat theater, allowing workload to be shared and activity and rest times to be properly managed. However, raster plots of the data suggest that there may have been an additional contributing factor. The AMERICA travelled eastward from the east coast through seven time zones and became involved in combat …
Effects Of Dextro-Methamphetamine On Subjective Fatigue, C. A. Dejohn, Scott Shappell, D. F. Neri
Effects Of Dextro-Methamphetamine On Subjective Fatigue, C. A. Dejohn, Scott Shappell, D. F. Neri
Publications
Declining aircrew performance during periods of sustained flight operations (SUSOPs) has underscored the need to develop effective countermeasures. This paper reports on the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant d-methamphetamine to alleviate the detrimental effects of a simulated SUSOPs on subjective fatigue. Subjective fatigue was repeatedly measured by three questionnaires. The simulated SUSOP started at 1800 and consisted of a 9-h planning session followed by 4 h of rest and a 14-h mission. After 6 h of sleep, the 9/4/14 work/rest/work pattern was repeated. At 4 1/2 h into the second mission, 13 subjects were administered 10 mg …
The Effect Of Public Posting And Supervisor Recognition On Treatment Team Performance In A Mental Health Institution, Susan Mencarelli
The Effect Of Public Posting And Supervisor Recognition On Treatment Team Performance In A Mental Health Institution, Susan Mencarelli
Masters Theses
This study compared the effects of public posting and supervisor recognition on the performance of professional staff in a mental health institution. Eleven indicators of successful performance in the writing of patient treatment plans were established after an analysis of existing standards. Seven treatment teams comprised the subjects of the study and included psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, activity therapists, and residential care aides. Group performance data were used. The measurement and scoring systems which were developed proved to be highly reliable.
Neither form of performance feedback resulted in consistent improvement in performance on any of the eleven indicators. This …
Family Support, Physical Impairment, And Adherence In Hemodialysis: An Investigation Of Main And Buffering Effects, Alan Christensen, Timothy Smith, Charles Turner, John Holman Jr., Martin Gregory, Martina Rich
Family Support, Physical Impairment, And Adherence In Hemodialysis: An Investigation Of Main And Buffering Effects, Alan Christensen, Timothy Smith, Charles Turner, John Holman Jr., Martin Gregory, Martina Rich
Alan J. Christensen
Patient noncompliance is a pervasive problem among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Previous studies have implicated social support as an important correlate of adherence behavior in other chronic illness groups, but little research has examined this relationship in a hemodialysis population. The present study examined the main and interactive effects of social support in the family and illness-related physical impairment with regard to patient compliance in a sample of 78 hemodialysis patients. Results indicated that patients holding perceptions of a more supportive family environment exhibited significantly more favorable adherence to fluid-intake restrictions than did patients reporting less family support. Family …
Test-Retest Reliability And Synchronous Status Of Heart Rate Recorded In Vivo In Children With Phobic Disorder, Alexander J. Chapunoff
Test-Retest Reliability And Synchronous Status Of Heart Rate Recorded In Vivo In Children With Phobic Disorder, Alexander J. Chapunoff
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study assesses the synchrony and test-retest reliability of the three fear response systems in clinically diagnosed phobic disordered (experimental subjects) and non-phobic children (controls). Subjects (five boys and one girl, aged seven to sixteen, in each group) underwent three in vivo phobic assessments, each including a measure of self-report of fear (subjective), degree and duration of approach (behavioral) and heart rate (physiological), resulting in a total of 36 assessments. Synchrony coefficients for both groups indicated low inter-relationships among the systems. Test-retest coefficients of heart rate indicated moderate-to-very high reliability, with reliability being somewhat higher for phobics. Test-retest coefficients …
A Comparison Study Of The Wisc-Iii And Wisc-R With A Special Education Population, Henry P. Green
A Comparison Study Of The Wisc-Iii And Wisc-R With A Special Education Population, Henry P. Green
Student Work
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of comparability between the WISC-R and the WISC-III over a three year period. The subjects were 207 children, 124 Learning Disabled, 51 Mental Disabled, and 32 Behavior Disabled, enrolled in special education, in a large urban district (Omaha, Nebraska) and several rural districts in southwest Iowa. Results from the comparison study between WISC-III and WISC-R supports the hypothesis that students in the special education population tend to have significantly lower IQs on the WISC-III than the WISC-R. A significant decrease in Full Scale IQ scores was found in the mental …
Expectancy Effects As Moderated By Expecter Need For Achievement And Target Self-Consciousness, Paula Ethington Felchner
Expectancy Effects As Moderated By Expecter Need For Achievement And Target Self-Consciousness, Paula Ethington Felchner
Student Work
The phenomenon labeled "self-fulfilling prophecy” is one of the most widely researched areas of psychology (Miller & Turnbull, 1986). However, even after more than three decades of research related to the effects of expectancies, opinion about the importance and even the existence of selffulfilling prophecy is mixed (Jussim, 1991). Effect sizes are often small (Rosenthal & Rubin, 1978; Jussim, 1991), but even small effects cannot always be considered inconsequential. In certain settings small effects of invalid expectancies may rob individuals of opportunities to which they are entitled. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to evaluate the moderating effects of personality on …
The Role Of Cognitive Distractibility In Special Education Diagnosis, Mavis A. Nigro
The Role Of Cognitive Distractibility In Special Education Diagnosis, Mavis A. Nigro
Student Work
The three factor scores that Kaufman (1975) measured on the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (Freedom from Distractibility, Perceptual Organization, and Verbal Comprehension) were compared among students referred and/or placed in special education. Three diagnostic groups were compared: behavioral disordered (BD) , learning disabled (LD) and students who were referred but not placed in special education. Results indicated a significant factor structure difference on the WISC-R for the BD and LD diagnostic groups, but not for the referred but not placed students. However, only the LD group manifested a significantly lower distractibility factor score when compared to the referred but …
The Effect Of Being An Adult Child Of An Alcoholic On The Spiritual Well-Being Of Evangelical Christians, Dennis W. Henderson
The Effect Of Being An Adult Child Of An Alcoholic On The Spiritual Well-Being Of Evangelical Christians, Dennis W. Henderson
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
In the last decade there has been a proliferation of research on adult children of alcoholics (ACAs). However, the religious domain of ACAs has received little investigation. Wilson (1988) studied Evangelical Christian ACAs and included a brief assessment of their religious well-being. She found that ACAs report lower religious well-being than nonACAs. The purpose of this investigation was to examine further Wilson's finding and to ask whether Evangelical ACAs can be differentiated from non-ACAs based on spiritual well-being as measured by the Spiritual WellBeing Scale (SWB) . The study included 136 adults who were gathered from three Portland, Oregon area …
Behavioral Clusters And Coronary Heart Disease Risk, B. Kent Houston, Margaret A. Chesney, George W. Black, David S. Cates, Michael H.L. Hecker
Behavioral Clusters And Coronary Heart Disease Risk, B. Kent Houston, Margaret A. Chesney, George W. Black, David S. Cates, Michael H.L. Hecker
Journal Articles: Nebraska Medicine
The purpose of the present study was to empirically identify individuals who differed in their patterns of components derived from the structured interview (SI), and to evaluate whether individuals characterized by the different patterns varied in terms of their risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study represents a reanalysis of data from the Western Collaborative Group Study in which components of Type A were individually related to risk for CHD. Subgroups of individuals who differed in the patterns of their component scores were identified by means of cluster analytic techniques and were found to vary in their risk …
Jurors' Perceptions Of Gender Differences In Expert Witness Testimony, Mark Rodlund
Jurors' Perceptions Of Gender Differences In Expert Witness Testimony, Mark Rodlund
Theses and Dissertations
Recently, there have been clinical psychologists appearing in court to testify as expert witnesses. However, the use of psychology in the legal system has a history dating back to Thucydides in the fifth century B.C. The early focus of psychology was on the determination of insanity. Later, eye witness testimony (especially of children as witnesses) was challenged in the courtroom using psychological principles. Children are increasingly used to testify as alleged abuse victims. This can result in a conflict between the accused person's right to view all witnesses testifying and the potential that the child would be further victimized by …
Locus Of Control Orientation Of Male Alcoholics In A Chemical Dependency Treatment Program, Barbara Nelle Vesely
Locus Of Control Orientation Of Male Alcoholics In A Chemical Dependency Treatment Program, Barbara Nelle Vesely
Theses and Dissertations
The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between locus of control and alcoholism. The questions which this study sought to address included a comparison of locus of control in inpatient and outpatient white male treatment groups with a nonalcoholic control group. In addition changes in locus of control during alcohol treatment were also assessed.
A total of 129 white men were placed into one of three groups. Thirty-one men from the community who scored within the nonalcoholic range on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) made up the control group. Two groups of men in treatment for alcoholism …
Early-Return-To-Work Programs: An Exploratory Study Of The Effects Of Program Policies And Practices On Organizational Outcomes, Lorrie L. Riat
Early-Return-To-Work Programs: An Exploratory Study Of The Effects Of Program Policies And Practices On Organizational Outcomes, Lorrie L. Riat
Dissertations and Theses
Early-return-to-work (ERTW) programs for injured workers are a relatively new development. While it is widely believed that such programs are the primary means of controlling workers' compensation costs after an injury has occurred, little research has been done on how these programs accomplish that end. This thesis is an exploratory examination of the factors involved in ERTW programs and the relationship between components of ERTW programs for injured workers and organizational outcomes, specifically the cost of medical care and wage reimbursement associated with workers' compensation claims.
Leadership Of American Indian Presidents Of Accredited Tribally Chartered Community Colleges, Verna M. Fowler
Leadership Of American Indian Presidents Of Accredited Tribally Chartered Community Colleges, Verna M. Fowler
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the leadership behaviors of Native American presidents of accredited tribally chartered and controlled community colleges. The Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire-Form XII was used to obtain the self-perceptions of seven Native American presidents about their leadership behavior. In addition, the perceptions of three faculty members, three administrative staff members, and two board members concerning the leadership behaviors of their president at each of the seven colleges were obtained through the LBDQ-12. Each president also was requested to complete a questionnaire designed for this study to collect biographical data and data about their goals, challenges, and accomplishments.
The findings …
The Effects Of Automation And Task Difficulty On Crew Coordination, Workload, And Performance, Ruth Coleen Thornton
The Effects Of Automation And Task Difficulty On Crew Coordination, Workload, And Performance, Ruth Coleen Thornton
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
The purposes of this research were two-fold: (1) to assess the reliability and utility of the Aircrew Coordination Observation and Evaluation scales in describing crew coordination behaviors exhibited during flight and (2) to investigate the effects of automation on crew coordination, workload, and performance. Two levels of automation (i.e., presence or absence of an autopilot) and two levels of task difficulty (i.e., presence or absence of wind and turbulence) were combined to yield a 2 x 2 design. Twenty-four two-person crews performed in both levels of automation and one of two levels of task difficulty. The results of the reliability …
A Comparison Of Student Perceptions And Uses Of Accreditation At Selected Minnesota Technical Colleges, Kenneth W. Henry
A Comparison Of Student Perceptions And Uses Of Accreditation At Selected Minnesota Technical Colleges, Kenneth W. Henry
Theses and Dissertations
The study compared perceptions and use of accreditation among students attending Minnesota technical colleges holding three different types of accreditation.
A total of 777 students from three different academic program areas were surveyed. The students were selected from eight technical colleges. Four colleges were accredited by the NCA Commission on Institutions of Higher Education, two colleges were accredited by NCA Colleges and Schools, and two colleges were accredited by the Minnesota State Board of Technical Colleges.
Students do use and possess some awareness of accreditation. Accreditation was used by 36.5 percent of the students in their choice of colleges and …
Causal Analysis Of A National Study Of Sales Personnel Turnover Functionality, Eric J. Vanetti
Causal Analysis Of A National Study Of Sales Personnel Turnover Functionality, Eric J. Vanetti
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
A causal model of the antecedents of turnover functionality was developed and tested in a national field study of sales representatives from a Fortune 50 company. Turnover functionality was defined in terms of the difference between the performance levels of leavers and stayers in the host organization. Questionnaire data were collected from 1,732 salespeople, and it was predicted that the hypothesized model would be confirmed by the obtained data. Several forms of supporting evidence for the model were obtained. First, the hypothesized model provided a better, more parsimonious fit to the obtained data than did two plausible alternative models. Second, …
The Effect Of Shame And Gender On The Concept Of God Among Christian College-Aged Students, Marc L. Chernizer
The Effect Of Shame And Gender On The Concept Of God Among Christian College-Aged Students, Marc L. Chernizer
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
This study examined the effect of shame and gender on the concept of God, as measured by the Internalized Shame Scale and the Gorsuch Adjective Rating of God Scale, among Christian college-aged students at George Fox College. A total of 410 participants were randomly selected from the student population (190 male and 220 female) and sent the survey questionnaire through the campus mail.
The results, which were statistically analyzed using a two-way (2X3) ANOVA, demonstrated no significant main effects for shame or gender on each of the concept of God subscales. In addition, there was no significant interaction effect between …
Attitude Functions And Political Behavior: The Issue Of Gay Civil Rights, Josephine Young
Attitude Functions And Political Behavior: The Issue Of Gay Civil Rights, Josephine Young
Dissertations and Theses
This study explored the relationship between voters' political behavior regarding the issue of gay rights and the underlying psychological needs served by their attitudes on this issue. A telephone survey of 100 randomly selected local voters was conducted, during which Herek's (1987) Attitude Functions Inventory (AFI) was administered. Three of the four attitude function subscales (Experiential- Schematic, Social-Expressive and Ego-Defensive) were confirmed using a LISREL confirmatory factor analysis. The Value-Expressive subscale was not confirmed and showed poor reliability. Pro- and anti-gay rights behavior was measured using a Political Behavior Index (PBI) developed for this study. Regression analyses and MANOVAs were …
An Examination Of A Post-Training Strategy To Increase The Transfer Of Training, William Sims
An Examination Of A Post-Training Strategy To Increase The Transfer Of Training, William Sims
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Researchers acknow]edge a problem with the transfer of learning from the training situation to the job situation, suggesting a need to go beyond traditional methods used to increase transfer of training. fhe study presented here extends the research conducted by Erffmeyer (1987) and investigates whether a post-training strategy is an effective technique to increase the maintenance of behaviors learned in training to the transfer context. The study used a post-training strategy consisting of 1) goal setting, 2) specific behavioral feedback, and 3) summative feedback to increase the percentage of freethrows made by an intercollegiate varsity women's basketball team. The results …
Stability Of Wisc-R Scores Between Triennial Evaluations Of Learning Disabled Students, Norman J. Wozny
Stability Of Wisc-R Scores Between Triennial Evaluations Of Learning Disabled Students, Norman J. Wozny
Student Work
Recent studies of intelligence test score stability among learning disabled children have reported adequate stability when correlational and analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were used. However, less than adequate score stability has been found when individual scores were examined. The present study explores the test-retest stability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) using three statistical methods: Pearson product-moment correlation, analysis of variance, and an examination of individual scores. Regression to the mean is also examined. While reasonably high levels of stability are concluded by the Pearson product-moment correlations, significant drops in Verbal and Full Scale IQ scores between …