Psychology Commons^™

A Construct Validity Study For The Women Workers Scale Questionnaire, Gwen Simpson

Dissertations and Theses

This study attempted to obtain evidence on the construct validity of the Women Workers Scale (WWS), an attitude scale developed to measure male supervisors' attitudes toward women workers. As women enter the work world in increasing numbers, they are usually supervised by men. However, few studies have examined the attitudes of male supervisors toward women workers. At least one author (Bass, 1972) reported that there were significant differences among male managers in their attitudes toward women. Specifically, those male managers who had not worked with women held more favorable attitudes than male managers who had worked with women.

Sex And Age Differences In The Labeling And Intensity Of Emotion, Marita Leonie Desselles

Master's Theses

In the present study, the relationship of sex and age of subject to emotion labeling, affect intensity and gender identity was examined. Subjects were 120 naive volunteers recruited from University of Rich-

mond undergraduate classes and community organizations, 60 of whom were male and 60 female. All participants were administered the Emotion Research Questionnaire (ERQ) along with the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). Dependent variables were the total number of anger responses (ERQ-A), Mean Affect Intensity (MN-INT) , Mean Anger Intensity (A-INT) and Mean Fear Intensity (F-INT). The BSRI gave Masc (BEM-M) and Fem (BEM-F) scores for each subject. Results …

Characteristics Of Parents Involved In A Parent Child Center-Head Start Program, Rebecca Selove

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

An exploratory study was conducted to provide information for the coordinators of the Parent Child Center and Head Start (PCC-HS) Program in Leitchfield, Kentucky. Staff concern for parent involvement led to a search for parent characteristics which correlate with amount of participation in program activities. Sixty-five families, which included 65 mothers, 47 fathers, and 121 children, constituted the study sample. Data were obtained from records maintained by the PCC-HS staff. Variables included number of hours volunteered, age and level of education of each parent, estimated family income, family size, mother's enrollment in PCC when pregnant, number of children in the …

The Traditional Sex-Stereotype Of A Job As A Moderator Variable For The Directionality Of Sex Biases In Performance Evaluation, Bernard Bena

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Accurate and objective performance appraisals are absolutely necessary due to their utility in important personnel decisions such as promotion, demotion and training. This study examines the contaminating effects of sex bias on performance evaluations and it's relationship to the sex-stereotype of the job and levels of performance. Unlike previous studies, this study not only examines these effects at the extremes of performance, but at average levels as well. Also, unlike previous studies, the subjects empirically determined the sex-typed nature of the jobs and the levels of performance within those jobs rather than the experimenter having made a priori decisions. Hypothetical …

Predictors Of Course Grade In Undergraduate Psychology Courses, Susan Edwards

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Research has shown that some students benefit more from certain instructional modes than do others (Harper, 1973; Allen, Giat, and Cherney, 1974; Doty, 1967). A personalized system of instruction and the traditional lecture-discussion format were used as alternate modes of instruction in the present study. This study used locus of control and mode of instruction, along with mental ability, to increase predictability of course performance. Predictability was not increased by these variables. Results of a regression analysis showed that only a total of 11.6% of the variance in final course grades could be accounted for by the predictor variables (i.e. …

An Examination Of Scholarly Perspective, Religiosity And Factors Which Lead To Religious Change, Paul Fehrmann

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

As a replication and expansion of work done by Alsdurf (1977), the relations between religiosity, commitment to scholarly openness and reasons for religious change were examined through a survey of 146 students attending a South-central university. A discussion of logical and empirical studies was presented to help clarify the theses under examination, and it was maintained that this study was primarily concerned with empirical relationships. A negative correlation was obtained between scholarly openness and religiosity for the total population studied, but the correlation was weak. In contrast to expectations, a significant negative correlation between scholarly openness and religiosity was not …

An Exploration Of Change In Teacher Concerns Over Time, Sharla E. Hutchinson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to reconsider the five factor structure of the Teach Concern Checklist (TCC) currently being utilized by the teacher Preparation Evaluation Program (TPEP) at Western Kentucky University. The problem was to replicate the three factor solution of the TCC proposed by George (1978) and to further explore the progression of teacher concerns with experience to lend support to the self-task-impact concern theory proposed by Fuller (1969)

Two hundred and sixty-five pre-service and in-service teacher participating in TPRP completed the TCC. These teachers represented the different experience levels of student. First, third and fifth year of …

The Use Of Written Assignments With Deadlines To Increase The Completion Of Non-Recurring Tasks, James S. Torrey

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Supervisor Graphing And Self-Graphing Of Performance In A Procedure For Controlling Time On Scheduled Tasks, Sheldon L. Stone

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Rule-Governed Versus Contingency-Shaped Self-Control In Preschool Children, Carol Sue Jones

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Teaching Basic Laundry Skills To Multiply-Handicapped Persons: An Experimental Validation, Thomas J. Thompson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Role Of The Father In Child Development: A Review Of The Literature, J. Frank Popplewell, Anees A. Sheikh

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Traditionally, the role of the father in the psychological development of children has received relatively little attention. Recently, however, an increasing number of researchers have evinced considerable interest in this area. 'Much of the current interest...seems to have been intensified by the growing awareness of the prevalence of fatherless families and the social, economic, and psychological problems that such families encounter' (Biller, 1971, p. l). the present review brings together most of the available research in this field. The first and most substantial aspect to be discussed involves the role of the father in the sex-role development of children. Although …

Teaching Telephone Skills To Developmentally Disabled Persons Using Positive Reinforcement And Corrective Feedback, Lou Ann Mayhew

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Written Instruction On The Giving Of Feedback, Robert L. Kowalski

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Contracting And The Level Of Academic Achievement Of High School Students, John Philip Kirkpatrick

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Generalization Effects Of A Spray Mist To Reduce Self-Injurious Behaviors In Two Profoundly Retarded Female Adults, Pamela A. Ong

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Response Specific Constraints On Conditioning, Samuel George Charlton

Psychology ETDs

Response specific constraints on conditioning are biological predispositions or limitations which differentially affect the conditioning of various responses within a given organism. Previous investigations of response specific constraints contained methodological sources of confounding so as to make the results of such investigations uninterpretable. Hence, the present series of experiments was designed in order to examine the differential amenability to conditioning of four responses of the Golden hamster while controlling for methodological sources of error present in previous research.

Dance And Self Concept Change In Women, Robin Dale Anderson

Dissertations and Theses

Numerous authors in the field of dance therapy have proposed that dance movement employed as a psychotherapeutic tool yields positive gains in mental health for participants. Self concept is frequently cited as the mechanism affecting these gains. In order to explore the relationship of dance movement alone to self concept fifteen college women were tested with the Tennessee Self Concept Scale before and after participation in a course of dance with those of nineteen women enrolled in lower division psychology courses. An analysis of covariance showed no significant changes in self concept scores in either group. It was concluded that …

A Critique Of Bandler And Grinder's Method Of Mapping Representational Systems, Leslie E. Goldmann

Dissertations and Theses

People perceive the world in their own terms: our use of language reflects our perceptions. The way in which we perceive the world and the words we use to reflect that perception Grinder and Bandler (1976) call a "representational system." The authors isolate three types of representational systems, visual, kinesthetic, and auditory, and they present a technique for mapping these systems. These authors state that a sensory preference profile can be mapped accurately and reliably via an individual's use of language. For example, words such as "clear," "see" and expressions of the kind "I get a picture" would connote a …

Perceptions Of The Magnitude And Diversity Of Social Support, George R. Goethals, Shelley Jean Allison, Marnie Frost

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Three studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that subjects would overestimate the proportion of their peers who shared their opinion on an issue and that they would perceive their own opinion group as consisting of people with a wider and more diverse range of values and outlooks than those holding different opinions. The first study was conducted following a period of intense debate about sexism on a college campus. Subjects estimated student opinion on issues related to sexism and indicated how diverse or similar they perceived supporters and nonsupporters of the women's movement to be. In a second study …

The Effects Of Extrinsic Rewards On Intrinsic Motivation: Reinforcement Theory Or Cognitive Evaluation Theory, Jack S. Leon

Student Work

Intrinsically motivated behaviors are those for which there is no apparent reward except the activity itself. Such rewards are mediated within the individual. Rather than bringing about external rewards, intrinsically motivated behaviors bring about internal states that the individual finds rewarding (Deci, 1975a).

A Developmental Study Of Target Attribution, Dotti Cohen

Student Work

The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of target attribution, and its interaction with other variables. Subjects were obtained from grades one, seven, and college freshmen; thirty of each age group were used. The subjects consisted of an equal number of males and females, who scored as internal or external on a locus of control measure. Each individual was asked to assume the role of actor in each of four videotapes, and to rate the degree of responsibility they felt for the action on each scene. The subjects were also asked to rate the actor and the …

Cardiac Changes During An Attention-Demanding Task In Mentally Retarded Adults, James M. Granfield

Student Work

The relationship between physiological response patterns and intellectual deficiencies was investigated by examining heart rate changes during a sustained attention-demanding task with institutionalized mentally retarded adults classified into three different I.Q. levels. The task consisted of simple motor responses made to a visual display within which was "hidden" the stimulus cue of Santa Claus. The findings indicated that changes in the within-trial heart rate response were significantly different between groups. Consistent with previous research on retarded adolescents, the retarded adults in the present study were characterized by a significant increase in heart rate variability upon stimulus onset. However, the high …

The Relationship Of Fear Of Success To Management Potential Variables, Virginia M. Culbertson

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Early psychological research on achievement motivation has focused on the effects of fear of failure and the wish to succeed as component parts of need for achievement (nAch). Achievement motivation is defined as a need to achieve for its own sake rather than for the benefits of such achievement (Kimble & Garmezy, 1968, p. 691). It is considered to be a fairly stable personality characteristic, not particularly goal specific (Berkowitz, 1972, p. 115), involving two specific aspects--wish (or hope) to succeed and fear of failure. The first is seen as an approach motive which focuses on anticipation of reward. The …

The Effect Of Feminist And Anti-Feminist Speeches On Feminist And Nonfeminist Women's Self-Esteem, Addis Eugenia Spurge

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Three groups of women from undergraduate psychology classes at the University of Central Florida were exposed to an experimental treatment which consisted of either a feminist, anti-feminist or a sex-role neutral speech. All subjects were administered the Feminism II Scale prior to the treatment, and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale both prior to and immediately following the treatment conditions. No posttest differences in total self-esteem scores were noted among the treatment conditions. The anti-feminist treatment sample did have significantly lower scores on the family self subscale of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale than either the feminist or control groups. Additionally, there were …

Feminine Sex Roles And Depression In Middle-Aged Women, Emily Gaines Tinsley

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The preponderance of females in the depressed population is a well established fact. Various hypotheses for this fact are reviewed and the hypothesis that females accepting the feminine role will be more likely to become depressed during their middle years than a more androgenous woman is submitted. To support this hypothesis a study was designed utilizing a Clinical group consisting of females, 35 to 50 experiencing depression and undergoing treatment for depression at one of three mental health centers and a Non-clinical group consisting of women, same age group, not experiencing depression and who had never undergone treatment for depression. …

The Operational Effectiveness Of The Behavioral Expectations Scale & The Mixed Standard Scale: A Comparative Evaluation, Deborah Boniske

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Performance evaluations were obtained on firefighters in a large Midwestern City. The evaluations were conducted through utilization of two different scale types (The Behavioral Expectation Scale and The Mixed Standard Scale). These evaluations were obtained in order to test the hypotheses that the MSS was psychometrically superior to the BES in the reduction of halo and leniency error and that the MSS was also the better scale type in terms of producing higher interrater reliability. Leniency error (in both the absolute and comparative sense) was examined by conducting a series of T-tests. Halo error was investigated by a comparison of …

Effects Of Task Size And Group Size On Observers' Job Enrichment Perceptions, Yau-De Wang

Student Work

Stemming from different theoretical disciplines, investigators of undermanned behavior settings and job enrichment have focused on examining human performance and motivation by manipulating essential tasks and available personnel. Although these two disciplines have centered their concerns on different types of organizations, research results from undermanning and job enrichment studies have tended to coincide with each other. However, an important question common to both areas concerns the reasons why the manipulation of the number of tasks and the number of personnel in a work setting should change group members' performance and motivation. Greenberg (1979) has recently offered an explanation which may …

The Effects Of Instructions On Prosocial Behavior Of Preschool Children, Jane Marie Blackwell

Dissertations and Theses

This experiment examined the effects of instructions on the prosocial behavior (i.e., helping, sharing, teaching, and sympathy) of preschool children. Forty-eight individual children (X = 56.7 months) interacted with two adult women on two separate occasions, an initial session measuring baseline levels of prosocial behavior, and a second session several days later. In the second session, children received instructions in helping, sharing, and teaching, and an opportunity to rehearse, or practice, these prosocial behaviors. Children were given either power assertive instructions (i.e., instructions which directly told the child what to do), or inductive instructions (i.e., instructions which focused the child's …

Salt Appetite During Acute Sodium Deficiency In The Gerbil, Elvira K. Perewiznyk

Master's Theses

In the present study, two experiments were conducted to examine the gerbil's response to acute sodium deficiency. Adult male gerbils were either exposed to a 1% b.w. subcutaneous injection of 1.5% formalin or a vehicle control injection. Within each injection level, half the animals were further assigned to either an isotonic saline or a water vehicle. Immediately following the injection, each S had access to isotonic saline and water as their drinking fluid. The formalin dissolved in water group displayed a significant increase in saline consumption, but at the same time decreased their water intake, in comparison to the water …