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Articles 1 - 30 of 96
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
A Cognitively-Oriented Approach To Task Analysis And Test Development, David A. Dubois, Valerie L. Shalin, Keith R. Levi, Walter C. Borman
A Cognitively-Oriented Approach To Task Analysis And Test Development, David A. Dubois, Valerie L. Shalin, Keith R. Levi, Walter C. Borman
Psychology Faculty Publications
Clear descriptions of job expertise are required to support applications and improvements in personnel training and job performance. This report describes a practical approach to task analysis that integrates the issues, content, and methods of cognitive science and personnel psychology. Cognitively oriented task analysis employs a breadth, then depth, strategy for identifying job expertise. Starting with a task-by-knowledge framework, job expertise is successively elaborated using interviews, expert ratings, and protocol analyses. The application of task analysis results to the development of written performance measures is described to illustrate the contributions of this approach to measurement validity. Task analysis results show …
Vicarious Reinforcement Is A Result Of Earlier Learning, Maricel Cigales
Vicarious Reinforcement Is A Result Of Earlier Learning, Maricel Cigales
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The term "vicarious reinforcement" has been used by social-learning theorists to denote imitation that results from the observed reinforcement of behavior performed by a model. This conceptualization is incompatible with that of behavior analysis because it ignores the effect of prior learning on the observer's behavior and violates the definition of reinforcement. Experiment 1 replicated prior findings. Preschool children (N=32) imitated a model's reinforced choice responses, in the absence of direct experience with contingencies. In Experiment 2 (N=48), subjects failed to imitate reinforced modeled behavior when observed behavior contingencies were 'incongruent' with those experienced. The results were interpreted as consistent …
The 1994 Aca Model Legislation For Licensed Professional Counselors, Harriet L. Glosoff, James M. Benshoff, Thomas W. Hosie, Dennis R. Maki
The 1994 Aca Model Legislation For Licensed Professional Counselors, Harriet L. Glosoff, James M. Benshoff, Thomas W. Hosie, Dennis R. Maki
Department of Counseling Scholarship and Creative Works
Model legislation seeks to facilitate uniformity of counselor licensure laws and promote accepted professional standards. The text of the model bill as endorsed by the 1994 American Counseling Association Governing Council is provided with commentary accompanying those sections in which significant changes have occurred. The article concludes with 15 specific suggestions based on experiences gained in the development and implementation of previous legislation for licensed professional counselors.
Perception/Action: An Holistic Approach Ii, John M. Flach
Perception/Action: An Holistic Approach Ii, John M. Flach
Psychology Faculty Publications
This final report reviews three years of research focused on the coordination of perception and action. Human performance has been evaluated within the framework of a closed-loop system where perception and action are intimately coupled. Four problems have been studied: the control of locomotion, dynamic occlusion, depth perception, and minimally invasive surgery. Studies of the control of locomotion have shown that for control of altitude there was an interaction between the flow structure (splay or depression angle) and the event dynamic (hover or forward flight). Results showed that in hover conditions, depression angle specifies altitude changes most reliably; but in …
O.J. Simpson Verdict Raises Questions About Jury System, Aubrey Immelman
O.J. Simpson Verdict Raises Questions About Jury System, Aubrey Immelman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This opinion column examines whether conformity pressures, confirmation bias, and belief perseverance could have influenced jury deliberations and the verdict in The State of California v. O. J. Simpson.
School Of Social And Systemic Studies Department Of Family Therapy M.S. Program Student Handbook [1995], Nova Southeastern University
School Of Social And Systemic Studies Department Of Family Therapy M.S. Program Student Handbook [1995], Nova Southeastern University
CPS Postgraduate Course Catalogs
No abstract provided.
Relationship Among Adolescent Reports Of Social Anxiety, Anxiety, And Depressive Symptoms, Heidi M. Inderbitzen, Debra A. Hope
Relationship Among Adolescent Reports Of Social Anxiety, Anxiety, And Depressive Symptoms, Heidi M. Inderbitzen, Debra A. Hope
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present study examines the relationship among self-reported symptoms of social anxiety, anxiety, and depression in the context of Clark and Watson’s tripartite theory of anxiety and depression for a sample of adolescents. Four hundred and twenty-eight 10th-grade students completed three measures: the Social Anxiety Scale for Children–Revised, the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Children’s Depression Inventory. Results suggest that symptoms of social anxiety are distinct from symptoms of depression and unspecified anxiety. In addition, results indicate that in comparison to males, adolescent females report higher levels of social anxiety, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Conceptual and methodological implications …
Attitude-Behavior Correspondence? Why Susan Smith Was Spared, Aubrey Immelman
Attitude-Behavior Correspondence? Why Susan Smith Was Spared, Aubrey Immelman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This opinion column employs the Susan Smith homicide case to explore attitude-behavior correspondence. The article describes Richard LaPiere's (1934) landmark study "Attitudes vs. actions" published in the journal Social Forces and Leonard Bickman's (1972) study "Environmental attitudes and actions" published in the Journal of Social Psychology.
Spiritual Changes As Psychotherapy Outcomes, Rodger K. Bufford, T. Wilson Renfroe, George Howard
Spiritual Changes As Psychotherapy Outcomes, Rodger K. Bufford, T. Wilson Renfroe, George Howard
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Race And Evidence On Jury Decision-Making In Sexual Harassment Cases, Riley Ross
The Effects Of Race And Evidence On Jury Decision-Making In Sexual Harassment Cases, Riley Ross
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Although sexual harassment has received a considerable amount of publicity since the Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings, current literature lacks an abundance of studies examining the outcome of sexual harassment cases. The researcher sought to examine the effect of an extralegal (legally irrelevant) factor and the amount of evidence on jury decision making. Specifically, the race of the defendant served as the extralegal factor, while the amount of evidence presented was determined in relation to how many variables (0, 2, or 4 sources of evidence) were included in a particular sexual harassment scenario. (The four variables used were: the presence of …
Serial Pattern Learning By Event Observation: Effects Of Varying Amounts Of Pattern Experience, Roger Stubblefield
Serial Pattern Learning By Event Observation: Effects Of Varying Amounts Of Pattern Experience, Roger Stubblefield
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The present study was designed to replicate the findings by Howard, Mutter & Howard (1992) that (1) overt behavioral responding is not prerequisite to serial pattern learning and (2) that observation produces a qualitatively different form of representation than an overt motor response. We also sought to extend these findings by determining how much exposure to the pattern is necessary to replicate these effects and by examining the role of stimulus-to-response mapping by adding an additional response group (unmapped-response). A version of the serial learning task used by Howard et al. (1992) was used. The task consisted of two phases. …
The Utility And Usefulness Of An In-House Database: An Aid To Understand Student Ratings, Mark Tolley
The Utility And Usefulness Of An In-House Database: An Aid To Understand Student Ratings, Mark Tolley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this project is three fold:(a) a review of the literature regarding student ratings, (b) the creation of a student rating database and (c) the development of an applications manual to accompany the database. From a thorough review of the literature, this project identifies the utility and usefulness of student ratings as one element in the evaluation of instruction. The literature review addressed the following questions: (a) Do we need student ratings of instructors? (b) Can student rating data be used to improve instruction? (c) can we be sure that the data and the means by which they …
The Relationship Between Vision And Athletic Performance, Steven Richard Wininger
The Relationship Between Vision And Athletic Performance, Steven Richard Wininger
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In today's competitive world of athletics it is not uncommon to discover a few athletes actively involved in some form of vision enhancement motivated by the promise that the exercises will improve their athletic performance. A review of past and present literature in the area of sports vision revealed that these athletes are performing exercises based upon a very weak scientific foundation. Most of the research investigating the relationship between vision and athletic performance has been plagued by flawed methodology, as well as extremely low numbers of subjects. The purpose of this study was to test for any relationship between …
Client Satisfaction And Kentucky Adult Day Care Services, Karen Beavers
Client Satisfaction And Kentucky Adult Day Care Services, Karen Beavers
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Adult day care is a new and rapidly growing alternative to long term care for the burgeoning population of frail and disabled elderly. A review of the literature regarding adult day care services revealed a limited number of studies addressing client satisfaction. The current study of 68 participants of nine Kentucky adult day health and social model adult day care centers assessed client satisfaction with services and explored variables related to satisfaction. It was hypothesized that clients who preferred to be at the adult day care center rather than in another location would report higher levels of satisfaction with services …
Within-Session Changes In The Vi Response Function: Separating Food Density From Elapsed Session Time, James Dougan, Laura Campbell
Within-Session Changes In The Vi Response Function: Separating Food Density From Elapsed Session Time, James Dougan, Laura Campbell
Scholarship
Previous studies examining the relationship between response rate and reinforcement rate on variable- interval schedules (the variable-interval response function) have confounded elapsed session time with within-session changes in food density. The present experiments attempted to manipulate these factors independently and thus isolate their effects on responding. In Experiment 1, 7 rats pressed a bar for food on a series of four variable-interval schedules (7.5 s, 15 s, 30 s, and 480 s). Elapsed session time was held constant while food density was manipulated via a presession feeding. Changes in food density altered the form of the variable-interval response function, independently …
Temperament And Goodness-Of-Fit And Their Effects On Parenting Stress, Kimberly Whorley
Temperament And Goodness-Of-Fit And Their Effects On Parenting Stress, Kimberly Whorley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The temperament patterns and temperament discrepancies between parents and children ages 3-7 years-old, who had been referred in school for behavior problems and children with no reported classroom behavior problems (matched control subjects), were examined along with levels of parenting stress. Nine "referred" children and nine "nonreferred" comparison children, matched on age and gender, were included in the study. The parents completed the TABC parent form, DOTS-R, and PSI. Whether or not the children had been referred for behavioral problems, ADHD, speech or learning difficulties was also recorded. It was found that the children in the "referred" group were reported …
Reliability And Validity Of The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test For Children With Hearing Impairments, Erin Richardson
Reliability And Validity Of The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test For Children With Hearing Impairments, Erin Richardson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This researcher investigated the reliability and validity of the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT) for a hearing-impaired population. The subjects consisted of 15 hearing-impaired children between the ages of five and eight who are are enrolled in special education programs for the hearing-impaired. Three week test-retest reliability coefficients were moderate to high for all subtests (.65 to .89) and high for all scales and the total score (.88 to .96). Intracorrelations support the structure of the UNIT in that subtests demonstrated high correlations with the scale they were purported to represent. Concurrent validity was assessed with the Naglieri Draw-A-Person (DAP) …
Use Of The Transdisciplinary Teaming Approach For Early Intervention Service Delivery In Kentucky, David Taylor
Use Of The Transdisciplinary Teaming Approach For Early Intervention Service Delivery In Kentucky, David Taylor
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study was conducted to determine the extent to which the transdisciplinary teaming approach is being utilized in early intervention programs serving infants and toddlers birth through three years in the state of Kentucky. Information was gathered through a survey mailed to intervention agencies in Kentucky. Of the 65 agencies to whom surveys were sent, 30 were considered usable and analyzed. The largest percentage of surveys were completed by respondents working in a coordinator's position with an educational level of at least a bachelor's degree. Results of the study indicated that programs are not fully utilizing the transdisciplinary teaming model …
The Peer Status Of Gifted Children Across Educational Settings, Angela Cunningham
The Peer Status Of Gifted Children Across Educational Settings, Angela Cunningham
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Although previous studies have examined the peer status of gifted students in upper elementary grades, very little is known about the social status and peer acceptance of gifted children in the lower elementary grades (k-3). In the present study, the researcher compared the peer status of teacher nominated gifted kindergarten children to that of their non-gifted classmates on measures of peer acceptance and social status. Also compared was the peer status of gifted children in the lower elementary grades (1-3) within the regular classroom and an enrichment classroom on measures of peer acceptance and social status. Results indicate that gifted …
Things That Go Bump In The Night: An Examination Of Magical Thinking In Young Children, Elizabeth Easton
Things That Go Bump In The Night: An Examination Of Magical Thinking In Young Children, Elizabeth Easton
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Past research has shown that children as young as age 3 years are able to distinguish the difference between mental entities and real objects (Estes, Wellman, & Woolley, 1989). Yet, many children still display persistent fears of imaginary creatures, which they claim are not real. In the present study, a replication-extension of P. Harris, E. Brown, C. Marriott, S. Whittall, and S. Harmer (1991), the researcher examined children's perceptions of imaginary creatures through a brief interview. Children were asked to pretend there existed either a monster or a rabbit in one of two large boxes. Children were then left alone …
Effects Of Inconsistencies In Eyewitness Testimony On Mock-Juror Decisionmaking, Garrett L. Berman
Effects Of Inconsistencies In Eyewitness Testimony On Mock-Juror Decisionmaking, Garrett L. Berman
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In attempting to impeach eyewitnesses, attorney's often highlight inconsistencies in the eyewitness's recall. This study examined the differential impact of types of inconsistent testimony on mock-juror decisions. Each of 100 community members and 200 undergraduates viewed one of four versions of a videotaped trial in which the primary evidence against the defendant was the testimony of the eyewitness. I manipulated the types of inconsistent statements given by the eyewitness in the four versions: (1) consistent testimony, (2) information given on-the-stand but not given during the pre-trial investigation, (3) contradictions between on-the-stand and pre-trial statements, and (4) contradictions made on the …
Concurrent Validation Of The Affective Scale Of The Diagnostic Assessment For The Severely Handicapped (Dash) Scale, Richard R. Ostrom
Concurrent Validation Of The Affective Scale Of The Diagnostic Assessment For The Severely Handicapped (Dash) Scale, Richard R. Ostrom
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
Sixty-nine severely and profoundly retarded clients in a residential setting, each of whom could ambulate without staff assistance, were administered the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH) Scale. Three groups of 23 were selected based on previous psychiatric diagnosis and matched for social age. The group with no psychiatric diagnosis served as the nominal control. The second group contained a mix of non-affective psychiatric diagnoses. The third group contained clients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted. The data demonstrated the DASH effectively discriminated clients with bipolar disorder from those without psychiatric as …
Mirror Use By African Grey Parrots (Psittacus Erithacus), Irene M. Pepperberg, Sean E. Garcia, Eric C. Jackson, Sharon Marconi
Mirror Use By African Grey Parrots (Psittacus Erithacus), Irene M. Pepperberg, Sean E. Garcia, Eric C. Jackson, Sharon Marconi
Sentience Collection
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Television Violence On Young Minds In An Urban Setting; An Introspective Study, Nirupama Sagar
Impact Of Television Violence On Young Minds In An Urban Setting; An Introspective Study, Nirupama Sagar
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
An institution such as broadcasting affects and is affected by the society, which encompasses the viewers and listeners it serves. The increase in crime and violence and the fear of crime may actually help explain the popularity of TV violence. Media violence has been a topic of popular interest right from the fifties, when television was still being applauded as one more of those human marvels. Therefore, for my study, I will concentrate on television, a medium that involves both the visual and hearing senses and to which young people are particularly drawn. The sample for this study involved five …
A Case Study On Elective Mutism Using A Consultation Model, Nancy Reeves
A Case Study On Elective Mutism Using A Consultation Model, Nancy Reeves
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In the present case study, shaping/desensitization procedures, along with behavioral contracts, were implemented through a consultation model in an attempt to treat a seven year-old elective mute female within the school setting. The author (consultant) provided information to the subject's teacher (consultee) in order to treat the subject's elective mutism. The procedure consisted of trials using a sound-level meter to successively approximate the desired behavior of speaking at school. The goal was for the subject to respond verbally to questions and requests invoked by her teachers and peers within the school setting and to improve her social interactions. The results …
Assessing The Need For A Formal Training Program Concerning Shoplifter Apprehension, April Lynn Hicks
Assessing The Need For A Formal Training Program Concerning Shoplifter Apprehension, April Lynn Hicks
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The present study was conducted to determine if supervisors and subordinates perceived a need for a formal training program on apprehending shoplifters. The study also determined whether supervisors perceived a greater or lesser need for a formal training program than did subordinates. Twenty supervisors and 70 subordinates from four retail locations were administered a Shoplifting Awareness Survey. It was found that both supervisors and subordinates perceived a need for a formal training program. The data revealed that supervisors perceived the need for a training program to be as strong as the need perceived by subordinates. Subordinates overwhelmingly indicated that they …
Worry, Anxiety And Their Relation In A Clinical Sample Of Children With Anxiety Disorders, Steven Kent Cumbo
Worry, Anxiety And Their Relation In A Clinical Sample Of Children With Anxiety Disorders, Steven Kent Cumbo
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Worry is the hallmark feature of the anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Little information, however, is available on childhood worry, and when worry may lead to functional impairment. The number, frequency, intensity, and areas of worry were examined in a clinic sample of children with anxiety disorders (n=59) using a structured data gathering procedure. Findings revealed that number of worry increased with age; severity decreased with age. An interaction between age and gender was also found. No differences were found for frequency or intensity. The most common areas of worry were School, Health, and Personal Harm. A link between …
Social Institutions And Identity Formation : The Interface Between Society And The Individual, Ervin Briones
Social Institutions And Identity Formation : The Interface Between Society And The Individual, Ervin Briones
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes a study conducted to develop and refine a measure, the Social Institutions Rating (SIR), a group administered, self-report measure of institutional attributes and characteristics. This thesis reports data on the psychometric properties of the SIR. Exploratory analyses are reported investigating the empirical effects of social institutions on identity formation within two ethnic/cultural groups, Euroamericans and Hispanics. Based on previous studies with ethnic minorities, a directional hypothesis was tested. The hypothesis that subjects in the Euroamerican sample have a higher identity status than the Hispanic sample for three identity domains (personal, interpersonal, and world view) was not confirmed. …
The Refinement And Validation Of The Critical Decision Making And Problem Solving Scale Moral Dilema (Cdp-Md), Ondina Arrufat
The Refinement And Validation Of The Critical Decision Making And Problem Solving Scale Moral Dilema (Cdp-Md), Ondina Arrufat
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis extended previous research on critical decision making and problem solving by refining and validating a measure designed to assess the use of critical thinking and critical discussion in sociomoral dilemmas. The purpose of this thesis was twofold: 1) to refine the administration of the Critical Thinking Subscale of the CDP to elicit more adequate responses and for purposes of refining the coding and scoring procedures for the total measure, and 2) to collect preliminary data on the initial reliabilities of the measure. Subjects consisted of 40 undergraduate students at Florida International University. Results indicate that the use of …
Athletic Identity And Sport Orientation Of Adolescent Swimmers With Disabilities, Jeffrey J. Martin, Carol Adams Mushett, Kari L. Smith
Athletic Identity And Sport Orientation Of Adolescent Swimmers With Disabilities, Jeffrey J. Martin, Carol Adams Mushett, Kari L. Smith
Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies
Measures of athletic identity and sport orientation, developed from self-schema theory, social role theory, and achievement motivation theory, were used to examine international adolescent swimmers with disabilities. The multidimensional Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder, 1993) was used to assess self-identity, social identity, exclusivity, and negative affectivity. The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (Gill & Deeter, 1988) measured competitiveness, win orientation, and goal orientation. Swimmers reported (a) a strong self-identity, (b) a moderate to strong social identity, (c) negative affectivity with lower levels of exclusivity, (d) strong competitiveness and goal orientation, and (e) moderate win orientation. Self-identity was correlated …