Psychology Commons^™

Research On Second Language Teacher Motivation: From A Vygotskian Activity Theory Perspective, Tae-Young Kim, Qian-Mei Zhang

Dr. Tae-Young Kim (김태영, 金兌英)

Second language (L2) teachers’ motivation has considerable influence on their students’ L2 learning motivation, personal satisfaction, and fulfillment. It has important influence on national educational reform and development. Although a number of studies have examined teachers’ motivation to teach, to date, few have focused on L2 teacher motivation. Based on the limitations identified in previous research, this paper articulates the inherent complexities of L2 teacher motivation and identifies its dynamic characteristics from the perspective of Vygotskian Activity Theory (AT). With a concise overview of AT, this paper elaborates on the applicability and relevance of AT to L2 teachers’ motivation by …

Socioeconomic-Status And Mental Health In A Personality Disorder Sample: The Importance Of Neighborhood Factors, Zach Walsh, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Emily B. Ansell, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Robert L. Stout, Donna S. Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

This cross-sectional study examined the associations between neighborhood-level socioeconomic-status (NSES), and psychosocial functioning and personality pathology among 335 adults drawn from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Participants belonged to four personality disorder (PD) diagnostic groups: Avoidant, Borderline, Schizotypal, and Obsessive Compulsive. Global functioning, social adjustment, and PD symptoms were assessed following a minimum two-year period of residential stability. Residence in higher-risk neighborhoods was associated with more PD symptoms and lower levels of functioning and social adjustment. These relationships were consistent after controlling for individual-level socioeconomic-status and ethnicity; however, the positive association between neighborhood-level socio-economic risk and PD symptoms was …

Mindful Awareness Intervention Effects On Memory And Affect During Late Adolescence, Talia D. Boxman, Martha Pelaez

Talia D Boxman

Abstract: The effects of a mindful awareness intervention on improving memory and affect levels amongst three late-adolescent participants was examined using an alternating treatments design. The results of the intervention demonstrated differing degrees of effectiveness for each participant, suggesting both psychological and educational applications.

Moore’S Paradox In Belief And Desire, John N. Williams

John N. WILLIAMS

Is there a Moore’s paradox in desire? I give a normative explanation of the epistemic irrationality, and hence absurdity, of Moorean belief that builds on Green and Williams’ normative account of absurdity. This explains why Moorean beliefs are normally irrational and thus absurd, while some Moorean beliefs are absurd without being irrational. Then I defend constructing a Moorean desire as the syntactic counterpart of a Moorean belief and distinguish it from a ‘Frankfurt’ conjunction of desires. Next I discuss putative examples of rational and irrational desires, suggesting that there are norms of rational desire. Then I examine David Wall’s groundbreaking …

Surveying The Relationship Between Locus Of Control And Academic Achievement Among Students At Allameh Tabataba'i University, Seyed Mohammad, Kalantarkousheh, دکتر سید محمد کلانتر کوشه

Seyed Mohammad Kalantarkousheh

Background: This study surveyed the relationship between locus of control and academic achievement in students at Allameh Tabataba'i University. Method: This was a descriptive–correlative research study that included 132 undergraduate students enrolled in the university during the academic year 1391-92. For data collection, we used a locus of control questionnaire designed by Julan Rutter and students' GPAs. T- test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analyses. Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference in GPAs in the internal and external locus of control between male and female students. A significant relationship existed between the internal …

Locus Of Control And Academic Burnout Among Allameh Tabataba'i University Students, Seyed Mohammad, Kalantarkousheh, دکتر سید محمد کلانتر کوشه

Seyed Mohammad Kalantarkousheh

Background: the present research was conducted to investigate the effect of locus of control on academic burnout amongst Allameh Tabataba'i University students. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive correlational research study. Participants consisted of 130 students from various academic levels (B.A., M.A., Ph.D.) chosen by multiphase cluster sampling. Enrolled students completed the Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale and Academic Burnout Inventory. For statistical analyses, it used the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simple regression analysis. Results: The results of the independent t-test and analysis of variance showed that females experienced more burnout than males. …

Risk Factors For Becoming Homeless Among A Cohort Of Veterans Who Served In The Era Of The Iraq And Afghanistan Conflicts, Stephen Metraux, Limin X. Clegg, John D. Daigh, Dennis P. Culhane, Vincent R. Kane

Dennis P. Culhane

Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variations In Rates Of Homelessness Among Families And Single Adults, Jamison D. Fargo, Ellen A. Munley, Thomas H. Byrne, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

Relationship Among Adverse Childhood Experiences, History Of Active Military Service, And Adult Outcomes: Homelessness, Mental Health And Physical Health, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, J J. Cutuli, Michelle Evans-Chase, Dan Treglia, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

Homelessness Research: Shaping Policy And Practice, Now And Into The Future, Dennis P. Culhane, Vince R. Kane, Mark Johnston

Dennis P. Culhane

Universal Screening For Homelessness And Risk For Homelessness In The Veterans Health Administration, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison D. Fargo, Thomas H. Byrne, Vincent R. Kane, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

12. Interviewing Victims And Suspected Victims Who Are Reluctant To Talk., Irit Irit Hershkowitz, Michael E. Lamb, Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Reciprocity And Social Capital In Sibling Relationships Of People With Disabilities, John Kramer, Allison Hall, Tamar Heller

John Kramer

"Jello® Shots" And Cocktails As Ethanol Vehicles: Parametric Studies With High- And Low-Saccharin-Consuming Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Chardonnay Madkins, Bree Geary

Clinton D Chapman

Naïve humans and rats voluntarily consume little ethanol at concentrations above ~6% due to its aversive flavor. Developing procedures that boost intake of ethanol or ethanol-paired flavors facilitates research on neural mechanisms of ethanol-associated behaviors and helps identify variables that modulate ethanol intake outside of the lab. The present study explored the impact on consumption of ethanol and ethanol-paired flavors of nutritionally significant parametric variations: ethanol vehicle (gelatin or solution, with or without polycose); ethanol concentration (4% or 10%); and feeding status (chow deprived or ad lib.) during flavor conditioning and flavor preference testing. Individual differences were modeled by testing …

Clinical Benefits Of Emotional Freedom Techniques On Food Cravings At 12-Months Follow-Up: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Peta Stapleton, Teri Sheldon, Brett Porter

Peta B. Stapleton

This randomized, single-blind, crossover trial tested whether participants who used Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) maintained reduced food cravings after 12-months and updates previously reported 6 month findings. Ninety-six overweight/obese adults were allocated to a 4-week EFT treatment or wait list condition. Degree of food craving, perceived power of food, restraint capabilities, and psychological symptoms were assessed pre- and post-test and at 12-month follow-up for collapsed groups. Significant improvements occurred in weight, body mass index, food cravings, subjective power of food, craving restraint, and psychological coping for EFT participants from pre-test to 12 months (p < .05). It appears EFT can result in participants maintaining reduced cravings over time and affect weight and BMI in overweight and obese individuals.

Comparing Overexcitability Levels Between Stem Talented Students And Generally Gifted Students Using The Oeqii, Taylor Imburgia '13, Deborah Mcgrath, Christopher G. Kolar

Christopher G. Kolar

Gifted individuals have been shown to have higher developmental potential, making them more likely to exhibit overexcitabilities (OEs) classified as psychomotor, sensual, intellectual, imaginational, or emotional. The OE levels between IMSA males and females and between IMSA students interested in STEM and Ohio generally gifted students were examined using the Overexcitabilty Questionnaire-two. Data from 70 IMSA sophomores were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Bonferroni Correction method. Results showed that IMSA females had significantly higher sensual and emotional levels than males. Both IMSA males and females exhibited significantly lower imaginational OE levels than the Ohio students. This study will hopefully …

Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Among Mothers Of Healthy Children And Mothers Of Children With Cochlear Implants, Seyed Mohammad, Kalantarkousheh, دکتر سید محمد کلانتر کوشه

Seyed Mohammad Kalantarkousheh

Background: The birth of a disabled child is one of the resonant factors that can cause family disorders. Mothers who have disabled children experience different levels of anxiety and stress. Decreased hearing, meanwhile, is one of the major reasons for disability. Parents have different concerns about their children’s development and social relations. Cochlear implantation is a new way to cure deafness and enables the disabled child to hear, talk, and communicate. This research intends to compare the outbreak of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers who have healthy children and those of cochlear implantation children. Additionally, the research examines if …

Using De Bono’S Six Thinking Hats For Creative Thinking, Effective Decision Making, Engaged Meetings, And Faster Problem Solving, Linda M. Golian-Lui, Katherine Jana Golian-Lui

Linda M. Golian-Lui

Thinking is like breaking – we take it for granted. We assume that the way we think is the ‘right’ way and that everyone thinks the same way. We involve too much in the thinking process creating a ‘thinking stew’ filled with emotions, ruts, and opinions. De Bono’s six thinking hats is a simple, fun, and effective technique that helps organizations communicate more effectively and stimulates creative problem solving. Come and learn and experience this unique communication tool.

The Methodology Of The Behavioral Analysis Of Law, Avishalom Tor

Avishalom Tor

This article examines the behavioral analysis of law, meaning the application of empirical behavioral evidence to legal analysis, which has become increasingly popular in legal scholarship in recent years. Following the introduction in Part I, this Article highlights four central propositions on the subject. The first, developed in Part II, asserts that the efficacy of the law often depends on its accounting for relevant patterns of human behavior, most notably those studied by behavioral decision scientists. This Part therefore reviews important behavioral findings, illustrating their application and relevance to a broad range of legal questions. Part III then argues that …

13 Surefire Ways To Kill Your Private Practice, Oscar T. Mcknight, Kerri Carmichael, Gregory Pollock

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

This program and research reviews by paradox the 13 surefire ways to kill your private practice. The program highlights common mistakes and stresses the areas needed to create a successful private practice. Data driven examples explore the myths and reality of private practice.

More Than "Mentally-Ill": Differentiating Help-Seeking From Mental-Illness Stigma In A College Population, Jeritt Ross Tucker

Jeritt R. Tucker

Two disparate and long-standing lines of research exist: studies of the stigma of mental illness (e.g., Link et al., 1989) and studies of the self-stigma of seeking psychological help (e.g., Vogel, Wade, & Haake, 2006). While some researchers implicitly treat these two constructs as synonymous (e.g., Corrigan, Watson, & Barr, 2006), others make the argument that they are theoretically and empirically distinct (e.g., Ben-Porath, 2002). To help clarify this debate, the present investigation examined measures of both constructs among 729 undergraduate students at a large Midwestern University. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that, while there is a strong correlation between the …

Relations Between Language Learning Strategies, Language Proficiency And Multiple Intelligences, Karim Hajhashemi, Alireza Shakarami, Neil Anderson, Seyed Yasin Yazdi-Amirkhiz, Wuying Zou

Karim Hajhashemi

The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) developed by Gardner, proposes at least nine different human intelligences that are distinct and relatively autonomous human intelligences through which people learn. It has been theorized that knowing our MI profile assists us to learn and use this awareness to obtain necessary information and knowledge from a lesson. Characterizing learners’ personal MI profiles thus may enhance learning. Language learners’ learning process, on the other hand, can be facilitated through the use of language learning strategies, particularly if the strategies have been explicitly developed by instructors who possess knowledge about individuals’ learning styles. This paper …

Behavioral Economics: Origins, Methodology And “Work Tools”, Daniel A. Monroy

Daniel A Monroy C

This paper has two main objectives: (i) The main objective is to propose a theoretical and methodological delimitation of the Behavioral Economics approach. In this point, the paper argues that such delimitation involves a permanent tension with the hypotheses of rational choice theory of human behavior. (ii) The secondary objective of the paper focuses on the methodology submitted, for this, we present a couple of case studies in order to explain and test such methodology. Furthermore, the case studies will allow us to determinate some work tools of the Behavioral Economics approach.

Positive Youth Development Resources, Leadership Efficacy, And Transition Outcomes Among Young Adults In North Carolina Families United Programs, Mason G. Haber

Mason G. Haber

Since 2009, NC Families United has worked with a team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNCC) to evaluate its programs supporting transition to adulthood of youth ages 16 to 25 (i.e., “transition-age”) youth with mental health conditions. Two programs have been the focus of the evaluation: 1) an intensive case management program for youth, Transition Mentoring, which uses a promising practice to support youth in achieving their transition-related goals (the Rehabilitation for Empowerment, Natural Supports, Education, & Work [RENEW] model); 2) the Youth Leadership Series (YLS), a multi-session curriculum to help youth with mental health conditions advocate …

The Effectiveness Of Educational Interventions In Reducing Negative Attitudes And Stigmatisation Toward Patients With Anorexia Nervosa, Amy Bannatyne, Peta Stapleton

Peta B. Stapleton

It is frequently reported that clinicians across a range of professional disciplines experience strong negative reactions toward patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa (AN). As research consistently demonstrates fear of stigma is the most frequently cited reason explaining why individuals with mental illness do not seek treatment, the current study aimed to develop, evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two differing educational interventions, based on an etiological framing model, against a wait-list control. Participants were fourth-year medicine students randomly assigned to one of three conditions. A three-hour educational workshop was delivered to participants at the beginning of an eight-week …

Mood And Food Cravings In Overweight And Obese Australian Adults: Clues To Treatment In Food Diaries, Peta Stapleton, Wava Doyle

Peta B. Stapleton

The objective of this study was to examine food diaries from 89 female overweight and obese adults participating in a treatment trial for food cravings. For two weeks prior to beginning treatment and for the duration of the four-week treatment, all participants were required to complete a daily food monitoring sheet or diary in real-time, indicating all quantities of food/drink eaten throughout a day and whether the item was a craving item for them. The diaries were examined for narrative statements and categorized with regard to common content, resulting in seven themes (Physiological; Enjoyment/Celebration; Missing Out; Reward; Wastage; Emotive and …

Moral Dilemma Judgment Revisited: A Loreta Analysis, Armando F. Rocha, Fábiot T. Rocha, Eduardo Massad

Armando F Rocha

Recent neuroscience investigations on moral judgment have provided useful information about how brain processes such complex decision making. All these studies so were fMRI investigations and therefore constrained by the poor resolution of this technique. Recent advances in electroencephalography (EEG) analysis provided by Low Resolution Tomogray (Loreta), Principal Component (PCA), Correlation and Regression Analysis improved EEG spatial resolution and make EEG a very useful technique in decision-making studies. Here, we reinvestigate previously fMRI study of personal (PD) and impersonal (ID) moral dilemma judgment, taking profit of these new EEG analysis improvements. Compared to the previous fMRI results, Loreta and PCA …

Examining The Distinct Effects Of Emotive Triggers On Public Reactions To International Terrorism, Cigdem V. Sirin, Nehemia Geva

Cigdem V. Sirin

32. Eliciting Maltreated And Non-Maltreated Children’S Transgression Disclosures: Narrative Practice Rapport Building And A Putative Confession., Thomas D. Lyon, Lindsay Wandrey, Elizabeth C. Ahern, Robyn Licht, Megan P.Y. Sim, Jodi A. Quas

Thomas D. Lyon

Perceptual Specialization And Configural Face Processing In Infancy, Nicole Zieber, Ashley Kangas, Alyson J. Hock, Angela Hayden, Rebecca Collins, Henrietta Bada, Jane E. Joseph, Ramesh S. Bhatt

Alyson J. Chroust