Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (12)
- Occupational Therapy (8)
- Rehabilitation and Therapy (8)
- Human Factors Psychology (5)
- Social Work (4)
-
- Sociology (4)
- Arts and Humanities (3)
- Child Psychology (3)
- Health Psychology (3)
- Medical Specialties (3)
- Children's and Young Adult Literature (2)
- Clinical Psychology (2)
- Communication (2)
- Community Psychology (2)
- Counseling (2)
- Counseling Psychology (2)
- Developmental Psychology (2)
- Engineering (2)
- English Language and Literature (2)
- Experimental Analysis of Behavior (2)
- Genetics and Genomics (2)
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2)
- International and Intercultural Communication (2)
- Library and Information Science (2)
- Life Sciences (2)
- Medical Education (2)
- Modern Literature (2)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (2)
- Institution
-
- Old Dominion University (10)
- University of St Augustine for Health Sciences (8)
- University of Louisville (6)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (5)
- Ateneo de Manila University (2)
-
- Cedarville University (2)
- Dominican University of California (2)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (2)
- Utah State University (2)
- California State University, Monterey Bay (1)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (1)
- Nova Southeastern University (1)
- University of Alabama in Huntsville (1)
- University of Dayton (1)
- University of Vermont (1)
- Keyword
-
- Anxiety (2)
- COVID (2)
- Child psychology (2)
- Children's literature (2)
- LGBTQ (2)
-
- Microaggressions (2)
- Minority stress (2)
- Resilience (2)
- Reviews (2)
- Stress (2)
- Adaptive Task Allocation (1)
- Adult (1)
- Apps (1)
- Attachment Style (1)
- Automated Vehicles (1)
- Automated driving (1)
- Body Dissatisfaction (1)
- Bruxism (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Cars (1)
- Child development (1)
- Child; Psychopathology; Depression; anxiety; COVID-19 (1)
- Clenching (1)
- College (1)
- Collider Bias (1)
- Companion animals (1)
- Consumer genomics (1)
- Content Analysis (1)
- Coping (1)
- Coronavirus (1)
- Publication
-
- Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium (6)
- Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase (6)
- Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues (5)
- Graduate Research Posters (4)
- Department of Psychology Newsletters (3)
-
- Fall Student Research Symposium 2021 (2)
- Library Intern Book Reviews (2)
- Magisterial Lectures (2)
- Psychology | Student Research Posters (2)
- Summer 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium (2)
- College of Health Sciences Posters (1)
- College of Sciences Posters (1)
- Dental Hygiene Student Scholarship (1)
- Ethnic Studies Research Paper Award (1)
- Faculty Books and Book Chapters (1)
- Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects (1)
- Handbooks (1)
- Roesch Social Sciences Symposium Programs and Other Materials (1)
- Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs) (1)
- Undergraduate Research Symposium Lightning Talks (1)
- Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Trauma: Forced Sterilizations Of Latina Women In The United States, Lisset Delgado, Wystan Hampton
Trauma: Forced Sterilizations Of Latina Women In The United States, Lisset Delgado, Wystan Hampton
Fall Student Research Symposium 2021
The purpose of our research is to understand the history of how American society has viewed Latina women and the oppression they have faced mainly due to forced sterilizations. Between the 1930s and 1970s, Latinos in the United States were forced to undergo sterilizations which have been a large contributor to the cause of multiple underlying mental health issues. Although the book Taína, written by Ernesto Quiñónez, is considered fiction, we understand that many of Quiñónez's stories within the book are based on actual events that took place in his life. As a result, his literary work will be …
Microaggressions Experienced By Lgbtq Individuals In Cjclds Contexts, Jane Bell
Microaggressions Experienced By Lgbtq Individuals In Cjclds Contexts, Jane Bell
Fall Student Research Symposium 2021
Relative to heterosexual and cisgender individuals, sexual and gender minorities (SGM) have elevated rates of minority stress and heightened chances of health problems, including mental health disorders and suicidal ideation. This process can be exacerbated in a conservative Christian religious setting, such as in the context of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (CJCLDS). Although CJCLDS doctrine embraces love for all, LGBTQ+ individuals experience discrimination, sometimes through subtle verbal/nonverbal barbs called microaggressions. There is limited research on this intersection of experience, which makes it difficult to understand how to help the individuals being adversely affected. This study seeks …
2021 Program: Raymond A. Roesch, S.M., Social Sciences Symposium, University Of Dayton
2021 Program: Raymond A. Roesch, S.M., Social Sciences Symposium, University Of Dayton
Roesch Social Sciences Symposium Programs and Other Materials
No abstract provided.
Department Of Psychology Newsletter, Department Of Psychology, Old Dominion University
Department Of Psychology Newsletter, Department Of Psychology, Old Dominion University
Department of Psychology Newsletters
Fall 2021 issue of Old Dominion University's Department of Psychology Newsletter.
Supporting Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Routines And Environmental Factors Affecting Sleep Quality, Constance Lew, Susan Macdermott, Karen Park, Becki Cohill
Supporting Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Routines And Environmental Factors Affecting Sleep Quality, Constance Lew, Susan Macdermott, Karen Park, Becki Cohill
Summer 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
Background: Sleep difficulties are more common among children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). There is limited research on sleep strategies used by parents of children with NDDs or resources written by occupational therapists. The study examines current sleep concerns and strategies used by parents of children with NDDs, including those affecting time it takes to fall asleep, duration of sleep, routines, and environmental factors that influence sleep.
Method: Parents and caregivers of children with NDDs (n=22) and with no diagnosis (n=6) participated in a survey and optional interview to assess current concerns and strategies used to address sleep. Data gathered included …
Enhancing Discharge Preparation For Adults With Substance Use Disorder Within A Residential Treatment Facility, Piper Virva, Susan Macdermott, Becki Cohill, Karen Park
Enhancing Discharge Preparation For Adults With Substance Use Disorder Within A Residential Treatment Facility, Piper Virva, Susan Macdermott, Becki Cohill, Karen Park
Summer 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
The community reintegration process is a vital aspect of the recovery journey, which requires sufficient planning and preparation prior to discharge from treatment (Read & Stoffel, 2019). Individuals enrolled in a residential treatment program for SUD indicated that higher levels of assistance and preparation during the transition to community living and involvement in comprehensive discharge planning would better prepare them for community reintegration (Manuel et al., 2017). Historically, the role of occupational therapy (OT) with this population has been to facilitate the resumption of meaningful roles, identify supportive habits and routines, and address executive functioning deficits related to SUD (Champagne …
Language As A Factor In Aviation Accidents And Serious Incidents: A Handbook For Accident Investigators Ed. 2, Elizabeth Mathews, Anthony T. Brickhouse, Joan Carson Ph.D., Enrique Valdes
Language As A Factor In Aviation Accidents And Serious Incidents: A Handbook For Accident Investigators Ed. 2, Elizabeth Mathews, Anthony T. Brickhouse, Joan Carson Ph.D., Enrique Valdes
Handbooks
The purpose of this handbook is to support accident investigators in the identification and consideration of possible language factors in aviation accidents and serious incidents. This handbook provides guidance, background information, and tools that will assist accident investigators in conducting a systematic review of possible language factors.
Department Of Psychology Newsletter, Department Of Psychology, Old Dominion University
Department Of Psychology Newsletter, Department Of Psychology, Old Dominion University
Department of Psychology Newsletters
Summer 2021 issue of Old Dominion University's Department of Psychology Newsletter.
Rfp Program Perseveres: Continuing Efforts For Resilient Families & Communities Despite The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cadence Gazo, Heba Aljumaily, Lora Haynes
Rfp Program Perseveres: Continuing Efforts For Resilient Families & Communities Despite The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cadence Gazo, Heba Aljumaily, Lora Haynes
Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase
Since 2011, UofL’s Resilient Families Project (RFP) has offered programs at Wayside Christian Mission’s Hotel Louisville to promote evidence-based habits of resilience, mindfulness and happiness in families experiencing homelessness and women in drug and alcohol recovery. RFP’s mission involves growing healthy attachment relations across the lifespan and a sense of community/belonging and purpose. Family/interactive reading and carefully chosen children’s storybooks are the platform for programs that take place Thursdays nearly year-round and typically serve approximately 100 community members. Despite RFP programs having been put on hold through the COVID-19 pandemic, as RFP interns we worked to assess/evaluate programs and develop/refine …
The Role Of Occupational Therapy With The Homeless Population: A Scoping Review, Shelby Osborne, Steven M. Gerardi, Gina Benevente
The Role Of Occupational Therapy With The Homeless Population: A Scoping Review, Shelby Osborne, Steven M. Gerardi, Gina Benevente
Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
Homelessness is a global and national occurring pandemic. Individuals experiencing homelessness tend to lack education; health resources; stress management; social, independent, vocational, and leisure skills. These causes of homelessness create adverse impacts on occupations leading to situations described as occupational injustice and barriers to occupational engagement. Due to these adverse impacts on occupations, homelessness is of concern to the occupational therapy profession. It is necessary to identify in what behaviors occupational therapy practitioners are engaging with this population to increase occupational performance and decrease occupational injustice.
The theoretical framework of the Model of Human Occupation and the Occupational Therapy Practice …
Culture And Occupational Therapy, Kaitlyn Domingo, Becki Cohill, Susan Macdermott, Karen Park
Culture And Occupational Therapy, Kaitlyn Domingo, Becki Cohill, Susan Macdermott, Karen Park
Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
The purpose of this capstone project was to develop a cultural intelligence program for occupational therapy practitioners (OTP[s]). However, due to the results of the project’s research component, this capstone shifted to addressing a potential need for a global shift in the occupational therapy (OT) process and diversifying the content and dissemination of cultural training courses.
A mixed-methods survey was conducted to assess 45 OTPs’ confidence levels with delivering culturally intelligent care, their means of overcoming cultural barriers in clinical practice, and to collect anecdotes on the process of becoming a culturally intelligent practitioner.
Four primary research themes are developed …
Exploring Integration Of Occupational Therapy Services For The Refugee Population, Khalil Mrabe, Pam Kasyan-Howe, Kristin Domville, Stanley Paul, Tom Kowalski, Derek Corley
Exploring Integration Of Occupational Therapy Services For The Refugee Population, Khalil Mrabe, Pam Kasyan-Howe, Kristin Domville, Stanley Paul, Tom Kowalski, Derek Corley
Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
As a result of many global conflicts and environmental instabilities, the refugee population is increasing in numbers throughout the world including North America. Refugees experience a distinct susceptibility to systemic barriers (Matlin, Depoux, Flahault, Saso, & Schütte 2018). As such, refugees suffer from a higher rate of physical and mental stress as a result of extreme suffering from the accumulative effects of physical and mental trauma, geological and cultural displacement (Hameed, S., Sadiq, A., & Din, A. U., 2019; Jamil et al., 2007). This unique and often neglected segment of the population can benefit from occupational therapy services to meet …
Burnout In Occupational Therapy Practice: An Investigation Of Contributing Factors Among Practitioners In Different Practice Settings Within The United States, Zsienne Antonette Isidro, Susan Macdermott, Becki Cohill, Karen Park
Burnout In Occupational Therapy Practice: An Investigation Of Contributing Factors Among Practitioners In Different Practice Settings Within The United States, Zsienne Antonette Isidro, Susan Macdermott, Becki Cohill, Karen Park
Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
Burnout is a syndrome that can impact physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing (Cooper & Campbell Quick, 2017). It occurs in job-specific contexts and can materialize in any work setting where stress is unmanaged (Cooper & Campbell Quick, 2017). Burnout stems from an imbalance of work demands and resource availability, and it often results in poor personal and professional outcomes (Donovan et al., 2010; Glicken & Robinson, 2013; Maslach, 1998). Occupational therapists (OTs) are not exempt from experiencing burnout. The work of OTs can be psychologically and emotionally demanding, which places them at a higher risk for depersonalization and burnout (Lopez …
Exploring Occupational Therapy’S Role In Equine-Assisted Therapy With Veterans, Collin Cooper, Becki Cohill, Susan Macdermott, Karen Park
Exploring Occupational Therapy’S Role In Equine-Assisted Therapy With Veterans, Collin Cooper, Becki Cohill, Susan Macdermott, Karen Park
Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) is a treatment that incorporates activities with a horse and the equine environment to reach rehabilitative goals specific to the client's needs and the medical professional's standards of practice (Meregillano, 2004; Path Int, 2021). There are many methods of using a horse in treatment. Therapeutic riding is a component of EAT, as well as horsemanship, groundwork, horse care, and stable management. Hippotherapy is a healthcare professional (OT, PT, SLP) treatment tool that occupational therapists (OT) use the horse's movement to facilitate change (Meregillano, 2004). Some research has demonstrated veterans who work with horses show improvement in quality …
Occupational Therapy In Youth Violence: An Occupation-Based Program For At-Risk Youth, Jasmine Shahin, Pam Kasyan-Howe, Kristin Domville
Occupational Therapy In Youth Violence: An Occupation-Based Program For At-Risk Youth, Jasmine Shahin, Pam Kasyan-Howe, Kristin Domville
Spring 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium
Throughout the years, youth participating in violence has become an increased concern around the nation as there is an increase in media outlets displaying tragedies, such as mass school shootings caused by students. The at-risk youth population is a specific population disadvantaged in engaging in safe and health-promoting activities due to limited resources or opportunities. As a result, at-risk youth make decisions based on their disadvantaged environment (Farajzadegan et al., 2018; Gallagher et al., 2015a). Factors including socioeconomic status, social support from family or friends, and mental health impact an individual’s opinions, attitudes, and interests as well as their occupational …
"Life Isn't Fair": Children Know What's Fair, But Expect Groups To Behave Unfairly, Savannah M Quach, Kriss-Ann Gayle, Megan Norris, Nicholaus Noles
"Life Isn't Fair": Children Know What's Fair, But Expect Groups To Behave Unfairly, Savannah M Quach, Kriss-Ann Gayle, Megan Norris, Nicholaus Noles
Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase
Social mobility is partially based on access to economic and non-economic opportunities. Individuals from disadvantaged or minority groups often have difficulties with social mobility because they do not have equal access to opportunities. Early on, children develop the ability to form personal judgments about social groups and understand their own memberships within them (Patterson et al., 2016). Although children expect people to privilege their own group, they also value fairness (DeJesus, Rhodes, & Kinzler, 2013). Previous studies have focused on children’s understanding of resource distribution. In contrast, the current study examined what children think about opportunity distribution between majority and …
Child And Parent Psychopathology Predict Covid-19 Impact, Nada Kaissieh, Sara Bufferd Ph.D
Child And Parent Psychopathology Predict Covid-19 Impact, Nada Kaissieh, Sara Bufferd Ph.D
Undergraduate Arts and Research Showcase
Children appear to be a psychologically vulnerable population in global health crises; however, little is known about the role of pre-existing child and parental psychopathology in predicting impact on children and families during global stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health difficulties may worsen the impact of various stressors presented by a pandemic. In the present study, we hypothesized that greater parent-reported children’s internalizing behaviors during preschool age will predict worse impact during the COVID-19 pandemic during early school age, and that parental psychopathology will influence this association. Participants included 151 parents who completed assessments during Time 1 (when …
Sustained Beat Perception Develops Through Adolescence, And Is Predictive Of Phonology, Christian Hunter, Karli Nave, Joel Snyder
Sustained Beat Perception Develops Through Adolescence, And Is Predictive Of Phonology, Christian Hunter, Karli Nave, Joel Snyder
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Rhythm and beat perception are critical for synchronized musical movement and may also influence some aspects of speech perception. Previous studies show that adults and children can entrain their movements to a musical beat. However, few studies have disentangled surface information from the internal beat percept, and no studies have done so with young listeners. In this experiment, we presented listeners aged 4-23 years with a musical excerpt that induced one of two beat patterns, followed by an ambiguous phase during which they heard a rhythm that could match either beat pattern. In a final probe phase, listeners indicated whether …
Department Of Psychology Newsletter, Department Of Psychology, Old Dominion University
Department Of Psychology Newsletter, Department Of Psychology, Old Dominion University
Department of Psychology Newsletters
Spring 2021 issue of Old Dominion University's Department of Psychology Newsletter.
An Exploratory Study Of Older Adults’ Emotions To Social Isolation And Their Coping Activities During Covid-19 Pandemic, Letrice Samuels, Michele Kekeh, Muge Akpinar-Elci
An Exploratory Study Of Older Adults’ Emotions To Social Isolation And Their Coping Activities During Covid-19 Pandemic, Letrice Samuels, Michele Kekeh, Muge Akpinar-Elci
College of Health Sciences Posters
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are advised to remain in their homes and personal spaces since they are at greater risk for COVID-19 related illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths. Health professionals and caregivers are concerned that preventative measures, especially social isolation, may have long-term psychological and age-related effects among older adults. A survey prepared by the Center for Global Health at Old Dominion University, in collaboration with Healthy Chesapeake Inc., assessed social isolation, associated emotions, and daily coping activities of older adults in Chesapeake, Virginia. The target population included senior residents of the Cambridge Square Apartments, where Healthy Chesapeake Inc. …
Analysis Of Reading Patterns Of Scientific Literature Using Eye-Tracking Measures, Gavindya Jayawardena, Sampath Jayarathna, Jian Wu
Analysis Of Reading Patterns Of Scientific Literature Using Eye-Tracking Measures, Gavindya Jayawardena, Sampath Jayarathna, Jian Wu
College of Sciences Posters
Scientific literature is crucial for researchers to inspire novel research ideas and find solutions to various problems. This study presents a reading task for novice researchers using eye-tracking measures. The study focused on the scan paths, fixation, and pupil dilation frequency of the participants. In this study, 3 participants were asked to read a pre-selected research paper while wearing an eye-tracking device (PupilLabs Core 200Hz). We specified sections of the research paper as areas of interest (title, abstract, motivation, methodology, conclusion)to analyze the eye-movements. Then we extracted eye-movements data from the recordings and processed them using an eye-movement processing pipeline. …
[2020 Honorable Mention] The Stress And Mental And Emotional Health Of Undocumented Students, Sarahi Mariaca Diaz
[2020 Honorable Mention] The Stress And Mental And Emotional Health Of Undocumented Students, Sarahi Mariaca Diaz
Ethnic Studies Research Paper Award
This paper discusses the stress and mental and emotional health of undocumented students, including DACA students (referred to as DACAmented), DREAMERS, and AB 540 students, during their college application process and their college journey. Also, this paper focuses on how immigration status and stress factors impact undocumented students’ academic and personal life, how those factors impact the mental and emotional health of undocumented students, and how undocumented students overcome or address the stress factors they experience. Finally, this paper discusses how educational institutions in higher education need to improve to make an undocu-friendly and supportive environment for undocumented students.
Building Resilience, Ma. Regina Hechanova
Building Resilience, Ma. Regina Hechanova
Magisterial Lectures
Is resilience innate, or is it learned? In this lecture, Dr. Hechanova discusses enabling resilience from a psychological perspective.
Speaker: Maria Regina 'Gina' M. Hechanova-Alampay is a full professor at the Psychology department of the Ateneo de Manila University. Gina has a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from the Central Michigan University and obtained her M.A. in Psychology and B.S. degrees from the University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman. She has over 25 years of experience as an HR and organization development practitioner and consultant in both in the Philippines and in the US. She was named Outstanding Young Scientist in …
Political Psychology Of Active Non-Violence, Cristina Jayme Montiel
Political Psychology Of Active Non-Violence, Cristina Jayme Montiel
Magisterial Lectures
In this lecture, Dr. Montiel discusses active non-violence, and strategies for non-violent interventions.
Speaker:
Cristina Montiel is a professor of peace/political psychology and has been with Ateneo de Manila University for more than 40 years. She received the 2010 Ralph White Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Psychological Association’s Peace Psychology Division. In 2016, she was recognized by the Psychological Association of the Philippines as their Outstanding Psychologist.
She has published around 100 peer-reviewed academic papers on topics like Mindanao peacebuilding and a psychology of democratic transitions. She has also been a consultant for the Philippine government’s Commission on Human …
Review Of The Whatifs By Emily Kilgore, Katie E. Gosman
Review Of The Whatifs By Emily Kilgore, Katie E. Gosman
Library Intern Book Reviews
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Covid-19 On Older Adults In Rural Alabama, Kris Warf
Impact Of Covid-19 On Older Adults In Rural Alabama, Kris Warf
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Adaptive Task Allocation In Automated Vehicles, Skye Taylor, Bin Hu, Jing Chen
Adaptive Task Allocation In Automated Vehicles, Skye Taylor, Bin Hu, Jing Chen
Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues
Adaptive task allocation is used in many human-machine systems and has been proven to improve operators’ monitoring and/or performance with automated systems. However, there is little knowledge surrounding the benefits of adaptive task allocation in automated vehicles. In this study, participants were presented with media depicting driving scenarios of both low and high workload at two levels of automation. The participants reported which tasks they felt comfortable allocating to themselves or to the automated system in each driving scenario, as well as whether they would conduct the task allocation manually or have the automated system automatically allocate the tasks. The …
Ethics Or Self-Preservation? An Online Study Examining Driver Response To On-Road Obstacles During Automated Driving, Helena Kaul, Yusuke Yamani
Ethics Or Self-Preservation? An Online Study Examining Driver Response To On-Road Obstacles During Automated Driving, Helena Kaul, Yusuke Yamani
Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues
In the trolley problem paradigm, a person is faced with an ethical dilemma where they must decide how to distribute inevitable loss of life such as deciding between letting five people die on the tracks in front of a trolley or pulling a lever that causes the trolley to switch to a separate track and kill one person. This online study asked participants to monitor a simulated automated vehicle and intervene if they felt the vehicle should change lanes. The results found that participants intervened roughly 96% of the time when the group of five bollards was in front of …
How Interesting Is This To You: Rating The Interestingness Of Auditory Clips, Hanna Zakharenko, Yusuke Yamani
How Interesting Is This To You: Rating The Interestingness Of Auditory Clips, Hanna Zakharenko, Yusuke Yamani
Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues
Modern technological environments integrate multiple devices, competing for limited attentional resources of users. This study aimed to validate the auditory stimuli used in Horrey et al. (2017) with a college student population and examine the psychological structure of task engagement. Thirty-nine students listened to thirty-nine auditory stimuli used in Horrey et al. (2017) for their level of engagement. Participants rated how interesting they found the material on a slider from -7 (boring) to 7 (interesting) while listening to each clip. Participants also rated levels of difficulty, entertainment, and likelihood to attend to each clip. Participants who rated high on difficulty, …
Distracted Pedestrians: Looking Left?, Emma Hood, Bryan E. Porter
Distracted Pedestrians: Looking Left?, Emma Hood, Bryan E. Porter
Psychology: Interdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences of Transportation Issues
Distracted pedestrians, those talking or texting on phones as examples, are potentially at risk when crossing urban intersections. They may lack traffic awareness of risk as distracted drivers often do. The transportation field has limited data on distracted pedestrians. This study aimed to contribute to the literature by observing pedestrian behaviors at four urban-area, downtown crosswalks over five weeks in June-July 2021. Overall, 2,055 pedestrians were observed, with 25.4% being distracted. Common distractions were texting, talking on a cell phone, and using headphones. Chi-square analyses found that while distraction did not predict looking left, one behavior that keeps them out …