Psychology Commons^™

What Happened Next? New Measures Of Consequences Of Bystander Actions To Prevent Interpersonal Violence, Victoria Banyard, Elizabeth Moschella, John Grych, Ernest N. Jouriles

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Exonerees In Black And White: The Influence Of Race On Perceptions Of Those Who Falsely Confessed To A Crime, Simon Howard

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Black Americans account for 61% of those who have been released from prison through DNA exoneration. In the present study, we explored the influence of race on perceptions of wrongfully convicted individuals who have been exonerated. Participants (N = 121) were randomly assigned to read a fictional newspaper article about a Black or White individual who was wrongfully convicted due to a false confession and then report their perceptions of the exoneree’s guilt, warmth, competence and aggression, how deserving the exoneree was of government assistance and the likelihood that once released, the exoneree would commit a crime resulting in …

Cusp Catastrophe Models For Cognitive Workload And Fatigue In Teams, Stephen J. Guastello, Anthony N. Correro, David E. C. Marra

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The use of two cusp catastrophe models has been effective for untangling the effects of cognitive workload, fatigue, and other complications on the performance of individuals. This study is the first to use the two models to separate workload and fatigue effects on team performance. In an experiment involving an emergency response simulation, 360 undergraduates were organized into 44 teams. Workload was varied by team size, number of opponents, and time pressure. The cusp models for workload and fatigue were more accurate for describing trends in team performance criteria compared to linear alternatives. Individual differences in elasticity-rigidity were less important …

Resilience In Children Exposed To Violence: A Meta-Analysis Of Protective Factors Across Ecological Contexts, Kristen Yule, Jessica Houston, John Grych

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Children who experience violence in their families and communities are at increased risk for a wide range of psychological and behavioral difficulties, but some exhibit resilience, or adaptive functioning following adversity. Understanding what promotes resilience is critical for developing more effective prevention and intervention strategies. Over 100 studies have examined potential protective factors for children exposed to violence in the past 30 years, but there has been no quantitative review of this literature. In order to identify which protective factors have received the strongest empirical support, we conducted a meta-analysis of 118 studies involving 101,592 participants. We separately evaluated cross-sectional …

Examining Latino Family Participation In Treatment For Childhood Adhd: The Role Of Parental Cultural Factors And Perceptions, Theresa Lauer Kapke, Margaret A. Grace, Al Castro, Alyson C. Gerdes

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental health disorder in childhood. Unfortunately, Latino youth and their families are at increased risk of demonstrating poor treatment outcomes. The current study examined the impact of parental cultural factors and perceptions on Latino family participation in a psychosocial intervention for childhood ADHD. Sixty-one Latino youth and at least one of their primary parents and teachers participated in the current study. Results indicated that parental acculturation, attitudes regarding treatment, and baseline severity of child symptomatology and functional impairment were related to treatment participation outcomes. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Practice Guideline Recommendations Summary: Treatment Of Tics In People With Tourette Syndrome And Chronic Tic Disorders, Tamara Pringsheim, Michael S. Okun, Kirsten Muller-Vahl, Davide Martino, Joseph Jankovic, Andrea E. Cavanna, Douglas W. Woods, Michael Robinson, Elizabeth Jarvie, Veit Roessner, Maryam Oskoui, Yolanda Holler-Managan, John Piacentini

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To make recommendations on the assessment and management of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders.

Methods

A multidisciplinary panel consisting of 9 physicians, 2 psychologists, and 2 patient representatives developed practice recommendations, integrating findings from a systematic review and following an Institute of Medicine–compliant process to ensure transparency and patient engagement. Recommendations were supported by structured rationales, integrating evidence from the systematic review, related evidence, principles of care, and inferences from evidence.

Results

Forty-six recommendations were made regarding the assessment and management of tics in individuals with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. These include …

Determining A Transitional Scoring Link Between Promis® Pediatric And Adult Physical Health Measures, David S. Tulsky, Pamela A. Kisala, Aaron J. Boulton, Alan M. Jette, David M. Thissen, Pengsheng Ni, Darren A. Dewalt, I-Chan Huang, Yang Liu, M. J. Mulcahey, Mary Slavin, Brooke E. Magnus, Holly Crump, Robin Hanks, Susan Charlifue, Bryce B. Reeve

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

Having independent versions of the PROMIS® scales (for Pediatric and Adults) is problematic as scores cannot be evaluated longitudinally as individuals move from childhood into adulthood. The primary aim of this research project is to use item response theory (IRT) to develop a transitional scoring link (or “crosswalk”) between the PROMIS adult and pediatric physical health measures.

Setting

Sample 1 was collected at 6 rehabilitation hospitals in the U.S., and participants in Sample 2 were recruited from public health insurance programs and an online research panel.

Methods

PROMIS pediatric and adult physical function, mobility, upper extremity, fatigue, and pain …

Factors Associated With Decision‐Making Preferences Among Parents Of Infants In Neonatal Intensive Care, Elliott Mark Weiss, Brooke E. Magnus, Katherine Coughlin

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Neurocognitive Tests In The Assessment Of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Molly A. Nikolas, Paul S. Marshall, James B. Hoelzle

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Despite widespread recognition that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, optimal methods of diagnosis among adults remain elusive. Substantial overlap between ADHD symptoms and cognitive symptoms of other mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and concerns about validity in symptom reporting have made the use of neuropsychological tests in ADHD diagnostic assessment appealing. However, past work exploring the potential diagnostic utility of neuropsychological tests among adults has often relied on a relatively small subset of tests, has failed to include symptom and performance validity measures, and often does not include comparison groups of participants with commonly …

Establishment And Replication Of Emotion Regulation Profiles: Implications For Psychological Health, Samantha Chesney, Sydney Clare Timmer-Murillo, Nakia Gordon

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background and Objectives: A promising method of capturing the complex nature of emotion regulation is to assess composite profiles of regulation (i.e., default pattern of regulation across multiple strategies). However, it remains unclear whether regulatory profiles demonstrate consistency across samples and in relation to mental health. Design: Two studies are presented here. Both utilized a cross-sectional design, and the second study presents a replication of the first. Method: Both studies utilized self-report data from independent undergraduate samples to perform latent profile analyses of emotion regulation use. Results: Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated evidence for four replicable regulatory profiles: Adaptive, Accepting …

Comprehensive Systematic Review Summary: Treatment Of Tics In People With Tourette Syndrome And Chronic Tic Disorders, Tamara Pringsheim, Michael S. Okun, Joseph Jankovic, John Piacentini, Andrea E. Cavanna, Davide Martino, Kirsten Muller-Vahl, Douglas W. Woods, Michael Robinson, Elizabeth Jarvie, Veit Roessner, Maryam Oskoui

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of treatments for tics and the risks associated with their use.

Methods

This project followed the methodologies outlined in the 2011 edition of the American Academy of Neurology's guideline development process manual. We included systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials on the treatment of tics that included at least 20 participants (10 participants if a crossover trial), except for neurostimulation trials, for which no minimum sample size was required. To obtain additional information on drug safety, we included cohort studies or case series that specifically evaluated adverse drug effects in individuals with tics.

Results …

Mental Health Symptoms And The Reintegration Difficulty Of Military Couples Following Deployment: A Longitudinal Application Of The Relational Turbulence Model, Leanne K. Knobloch, Lynne M. Knobloch-Fedders, Jeremy B. Yorgason

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

Understanding the factors that predict the reintegration difficulty of military couples during the postdeployment transition has important implications for theory, research, and practice. Building on the logic of the relational turbulence model, this paper evaluates the relationship processes of reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a partner as mediators of the connection between people's mental health symptoms and their difficulty with reintegration after deployment.

Method

Dyadic longitudinal data were collected from 555 US military couples once per month for 8 consecutive months.

Results

Findings mapped the trajectory of reintegration difficulty and suggested reunion uncertainty and reintegration interference from a …

Comparison Of Task Interspersal Ratios On Efficiency Of Learning And Problem Behavior For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sophie C. Knutson, Tiffany Kodak, Dayna R. Costell, Terra Cliett

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The current study extends the literature on task interspersal (TI) by comparing the effects of four different TI ratios on the efficiency of skill acquisition and on levels of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder and related disorders. The four ratios of TI were 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1 mastered‐to‐acquisition tasks. An adapted alternating treatments design was implemented to compare the cumulative number of stimuli mastered, mean training time to mastery, rate of acquisition, and the level of problem behavior. The results showed that the 0:1 condition was the most efficient intervention procedure for all four participants. In …

“We Almost Had The Whole Block's Phone Number On The Wall”: A Mixed Methods Investigation Of Informal Helping In A Predominantly Rural Sample, Matthew Hagler, Sherry L. Hamby, Victoria Banyard, John Grych

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Community psychologists have noted the limitations of professional models of mental health treatment, demonstrating that people are more likely to use informal familial or community support during adversity. However, relatively little is known about the forms and functions of informal help seeking and provision. Semistructured interviews (N = 170), in which a sample of predominantly rural‐dwelling adolescents and adults described significant life experiences, were coded for instances of receiving help. Codes thematically categorized the type of adversity, role of the helper, and nature of the help received. Most participants (67.64%) reported the presence of at least one informal helper; only …

The Acceptance And Action Questionnaire – Ii: An Item Response Theory Analysis, Clarissa W. Ong, Benjamin G. Pierce, Douglas W. Woods, Michael P. Twohig, Michael E. Levin

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Psychological flexibility is the act of being open to internal experiences while pursuing valued life directions and has been implicated in positive mental health. A lack of psychological flexibility has been implicated in a wide range of mental health problems. In most research, assessment of psychological (in) flexibility has been done with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II (AAQ-II), yet researchers have noted that items on the AAQ-II may not adequately discriminate between responses to experiences and the experiences themselves. Furthermore, little research has examined whether items on the AAQ-II function as intended in terms of assessing psychological (in) …

Interrogating The Genetic Determinants Of Tourette’S Syndrome And Other Tic Disorders Through Genome-Wide Association Studies, Douglas W. Woods, Tourette Association Of America International Consortium For Genetics, Gilles De La Tourette Gwas Replication Initiative, Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Tourette Syndrome Working Group

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective:

Tourette’s syndrome is polygenic and highly heritable. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches are useful for interrogating the genetic architecture and determinants of Tourette’s syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors conducted a GWAS meta-analysis and probed aggregated Tourette’s syndrome polygenic risk to test whether Tourette’s and related tic disorders have an underlying shared genetic etiology and whether Tourette’s polygenic risk scores correlate with worst-ever tic severity and may represent a potential predictor of disease severity.

Methods:

GWAS meta-analysis, gene-based association, and genetic enrichment analyses were conducted in 4,819 Tourette’s syndrome case subjects and 9,488 control subjects. Replication of top …

To Bin Or Not To Bin? A Comparison Of Symptom Frequency Response Formats In The Assessment Of Health-Related Quality Of Life, Brooke E. Magnus, Mackenzie S. Kirkman, Twinkle Dutta, Manpreet Kaur, Nichole Mannchen

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

The goal of this study is to compare three different types of retrospective frequency response formats on the Healthy Days Symptoms Module (HDSM). Responses are compared in terms of intra-individual consistency, psychometric value, and participant feedback about each type of response format.

Methods

Respondents each completed three versions of the HDSM, where items were framed to elicit an open-ended frequency, a fixed choice frequency, or a vague quantifier response. Traditional reliability statistics were used to evaluate intra-individual consistency. Differential item functioning (DIF) was used to test for response format effects, and item response theory (IRT) scale scores and standard …

A Comparison Of Stimulus Set Size On Tact Training For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Tiffany Kodak, M. Nerissa Halbur, Samantha Bergmann, Dayna R. Costello, Brittany Benitez, Miranda Olsen, Ella Gorgan, Terra Cliett

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Previous studies on skill acquisition have taught targets in stimulus sets composed of different numbers of stimuli. Although the rationale for selection of a stimulus set size is not clear, the number of target stimuli trained within a set is a treatment decision for which there is limited empirical support. The current investigation compared the efficiency of tact training in 4 stimulus set sizes, each of which included 12 stimuli grouped into (a) 4 sets of 3 stimuli, (b) 3 sets of 4 stimuli, (c) 2 sets of 6 stimuli, and (d) 1 set of 12 stimuli. Results of all …

Experiences With Benevolent Sexism: Scale Development And Associations With Women’S Well-Being, Debra L. Oswald, Maha Baalbaki, Mackenzie S. Kirkman

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Ambivalent sexism theory (Glick and Fiske 1996, 1997) suggests that sexism takes two forms: an overt hostility as well as a subtle benevolence. We examined benevolent sexist behaviors and developed a 25-item Experiences with Benevolent Sexism Scale. Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1, U.S. college sample of 489 women) and confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2, online sample of 216 women) revealed three subscales of benevolently sexist experiences: Heterosexual Intimacy, Protective Paternalism, and Complementary Gender Differences. Women reported experiencing benevolently sexist events more frequently than overtly hostile sexist events; however, they perceived the hostile events to be more distressing and …

Resting Cerebral Blood Flow After Exercise Training In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alfonso J. Alfini, Lauren R. Weiss, Kristy A. Nielson, Matthew D. Verber, J. Carson Smith

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Background:

Exercise training has been associated with greater cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cognitively normal older adults (CN). Alterations in CBF, including compensatory perfusion in the prefrontal cortex, may facilitate changes to the brain’s neural infrastructure.

Objective:

To examine the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on resting CBF and cognition in CN and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We hypothesized individuals with MCI (vs. CN) would exhibit greater whole brain CBF at baseline and that exercise would mitigate these differences. We also expected CBF changes to parallel cognitive improvements.

Methods:

Before and after a 12-week exercise intervention, …

Being Dishonest About Our Prejudices: Moral Dissonance And Self-Justification, Kris Vasquez, Debra Oswald, Angela Hammer

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

We applied the moral dissonance reduction framework, used to explain the maintenance of a positive self-concept in dishonest behavior, to understand self-justification of prejudice. Participants identified ambiguously negative intergroup behaviors, then evaluated those behaviors when performed by others and themselves. As predicted by moral dissonance reduction, participants were less critical of their own behavior when considering others' behaviors before their own. In a third study directly comparing prejudiced and dishonest behavior, participants' responses showed the greatest self-justification in the initial question about their behavior regardless of the content of the question, whereas subsequent questions showed more stability, consistent with the …

Exploring Action Coils For Bystander Intervention: Modeling Bystander Consequences, Victoria Banyard, Elizabeth Moschella, Ernest N. Jouriles, John Grych

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: Individuals who take action to reduce sexual assault can experience a range of positive and negative consequences as a result of helping. This study examined how different types of consequences explain variation in confidence and intent to help. Participants: Nine hundred sixty-six individuals who reported intervening in a situation involving interpersonal violence; approximately half were recruited from university psychology courses and half through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Data were collected from September to December of 2016. Methods: Participants completed measures of consequences related to helping, bystander efficacy, and intent to help. Results: Positive reactions from victims and other individuals who …