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Articles 1501 - 1530 of 1611
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Motivational Quality Of Global Attributions In Hypothetical And Experienced Situations Of Gender Discrimination, Mindi D. Foster
The Motivational Quality Of Global Attributions In Hypothetical And Experienced Situations Of Gender Discrimination, Mindi D. Foster
Psychology Faculty Publications
Traditionally, global attributions have been thought to reduce instrumental behavior aimed at resolving negative events. However, the present research shows global attributions for gender discrimination are related to taking action against unfair treatment. In Study 1, women ( N = 157) completed a questionnaire assessing attributions for hypothetical scenarios of discrimination and collective responses to discrimination. In Study 2, women ( N = 79) were placed into a laboratory situation of discrimination and asked to indicate their attributions for and responses to their unfair treatment. In both studies, hierarchical regression analyses showed that global attributions were related to both individual …
Ivr Test & Survey: A Computer Program To Collect Data Via Computerized Telephonic Applications, Louis H. Janda, Michael Janda, Eric Tedford
Ivr Test & Survey: A Computer Program To Collect Data Via Computerized Telephonic Applications, Louis H. Janda, Michael Janda, Eric Tedford
Psychology Faculty Publications
Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of using interactive voice response (IVR) technology to collect self-report data from research participants and recipients of psychological/medical services. IVR allows participants to phone a computer and respond to recorded questions by pressing the appropriate touch-tone keys on their telephone. Because this technology offers substantial benefits in terms of cost and efficiency, it is surprising that it has not been more widely utilized by researchers and practitioners. Along with the automation of the administration and scoring of tests or surveys, IVR provides for questioning to be adapted to the participants' responses. One possible explanation …
Alcohol Addiction And Social Work Practice: A Holistic Paradigm, Nelson Henning, Michael W. Firmin
Alcohol Addiction And Social Work Practice: A Holistic Paradigm, Nelson Henning, Michael W. Firmin
Psychology Faculty Publications
The Christian who practices social work can be uniquely qualified to provide services to individuals who are struggling with alcohol addiction. This paper supports the concept that there is a holistic paradigm social workers can use in acquiring a broad understanding of alcohol addiction. An overview of contemporary theories associated with alcohol abuse is presented along with a biblical means of understanding alcohol addiction. Implications for social work practice within a Christian context are discussed.
Introduction: Fear And Loathing Of Evolutionary Psychology In The Social Sciences, Daniel Leger, Alan Kamil, Jeffrey French
Introduction: Fear And Loathing Of Evolutionary Psychology In The Social Sciences, Daniel Leger, Alan Kamil, Jeffrey French
Psychology Faculty Publications
When one looks at the intellectual landscape of the modern university, at the scholarly and scientific interests of its faculty, the panorama is seamless. There are no discontinuities. The interests of physicists transmogrify into those of chemists, those of chemists into those of biologists, and so on. The lines, the divisions, between departments have been created out of administrative, not intellectual, necessity.
An Analysis Of Academic Reputation As Perceived By Consumers Of Higher Education, Michael J. Conard, Maureen A. Conard
An Analysis Of Academic Reputation As Perceived By Consumers Of Higher Education, Michael J. Conard, Maureen A. Conard
Psychology Faculty Publications
A college's academic reputation (AR) plays a significant role in positioning the institution. Survey responses of college-bound high school seniors suggest that a majority of respondents view successful postgraduate careers as very important to the perception of AR and very likely to be attributed to a college with very good AR. A principle components factor analysis revealed three factors that describe the perception of AR (i.e., Academic Concerns, Campus Ethos, Practical Value). In a similar analysis three factors were found likely to be associated with very good AR (i.e., Curricular Concerns, Exclusivity, Career Preparation).
Portrait Of George W. Bush As A “Late Bloomer”, Aubrey Immelman
Portrait Of George W. Bush As A “Late Bloomer”, Aubrey Immelman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This essay documents some of the enduring personal characteristics that provide an empirical basis for assessing George W. Bush’s outgoing, adventurous personality pattern.
The Character Of Hillary Clinton, Aubrey Immelman
The Character Of Hillary Clinton, Aubrey Immelman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This essay documents some of the enduring personal characteristics that provide an empirical basis for assessing Hillary Rodham Clinton’s dominant, ambitious personality pattern from a psychobiographical, psychohistorical perspective.
The Political Personalities Of 2000 U.S. Presidential Candidates George W. Bush And Al Gore, Aubrey Immelman
The Political Personalities Of 2000 U.S. Presidential Candidates George W. Bush And Al Gore, Aubrey Immelman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper presents the results of indirect psychodiagnostic assessments of the political personalities of Texas governor George W. Bush and U.S. vice president Al Gore, putative Republican and Democratic nominees in the U.S. presidential election of 2000, from the conceptual perspective of Theodore Millon.
Information concerning George W. Bush and Al Gore was collected from published biographical and autobiographical accounts and political reports in the print media, and synthesized into personality profiles using the second edition of the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria (MIDC), which yields 34 normal and maladaptive personality classifications congruent with Axis II of DSM–IV.
The …
Development Of Leadership Skills: Experience And Timing, Michael D. Mumford, Michelle A. Marks, American Institutes For Research, Stephen J. Zaccaro, Roni Reiter-Palmon
Development Of Leadership Skills: Experience And Timing, Michael D. Mumford, Michelle A. Marks, American Institutes For Research, Stephen J. Zaccaro, Roni Reiter-Palmon
Psychology Faculty Publications
To develop organizational leaders we need to understand how requisite skills are acquired over the course of people's careers. In this article, a cross-sectional design was used to assess differences in leadership skills across six grade levels of officers in the U.S. Army. Increased levels of knowledge, problem-solving skills, systems skills, and social skills were found at higher grade levels. Certain skills and experiences, however, were found to be particularly important at certain phases of leaders' careers. These findings are used to propose an organization-based model of skill development. Implications of this model for leader development programs are discussed.
Item Selection Counts: A Comparison Of Empirical Key And Rational Scale Validities In Theory-Based And Non-Theory-Based Item Pools, Roni Reiter-Palmon, American Institutes For Research
Item Selection Counts: A Comparison Of Empirical Key And Rational Scale Validities In Theory-Based And Non-Theory-Based Item Pools, Roni Reiter-Palmon, American Institutes For Research
Psychology Faculty Publications
Little explicit attention has been given to the impact of item pools on the validities and cross-validities of different background data scoring approaches. This study tests the idea that pools of items theoretically related to the performance of interest will outperform pools of items with no hypothesized relationship with the criterion. Validities and cross-validities of rational scales and empirical keys created from theory- and non-theory-based item pools were compared for 3 criteria. When size of the item pools was held constant, theory-based empirical keys (correlational and vertical percent) and rational scales showed larger validities and cross-validities than non-theory-based empirical keys …
Mothers' And Teachers' Home And School Rules: Young Children's Conceptions Of Authority In Context, Marie S. Tisak, Dushka Crane-Ross, John Tisak, Amanda M. Maynard
Mothers' And Teachers' Home And School Rules: Young Children's Conceptions Of Authority In Context, Marie S. Tisak, Dushka Crane-Ross, John Tisak, Amanda M. Maynard
Psychology Faculty Publications
Samples of 95 preschoolers, first graders, and third graders responded to questions whereby one authority (mother or teacher) permitted an act (moral or conventional) to occur across contexts (home and school) and the other authority prohibited the act from occurring across contexts. Participants (a) were asked which authority the child should acquiesce to and whether an authority has the right to permit and prohibit the acts across contexts and (b) ranked and rated the seriousness of the acts. The results revealed that children's evaluations were a function of three interrelated factors: the authorities' status, the context, and the domain of …
Egon Brunswik (1903-1955), David E. Leary
Egon Brunswik (1903-1955), David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
Austrian and American psychologist. Brunswik stood at the nexus of several philosophical and psychological traditions, created his own distinctive psychology, and died without foreseeing the influence of his· concepts and methods. Yet more than forty years after his death by suicide, certain of his ideas and techniques are still being explored and used.
Johann Friedrich Herbart, David E. Leary
Johann Friedrich Herbart, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
German philosopher, psychologist, and educator. Herbart was among the first, early in the nineteenth century, to propose a mathematical psychology. Coming after Immanuel Kant's claim (in his Metaphysische Angangsgriinde der Naturwissenschaft [Metaphysical Foundation of Natural Science], Riga, 1786) that there could be no such discipline, this was a bold proposal. which kept alive the eighteenth-century quest for a science of psychology. Even though Herbart himself denied the possibility of an experimental psychology, and despite the fact that his own psychology (as a branch of applied metaphysics) was largely conjectural, his example inspired subsequent scholars to work toward a quantitative, experimental …
Bioethics Activities In Rural Hospitals, Ann Freeman Cook, Helena Hoas, Katarina Guttmannova
Bioethics Activities In Rural Hospitals, Ann Freeman Cook, Helena Hoas, Katarina Guttmannova
Psychology Faculty Publications
Hospital ethics committees have evolved as a response to complicated legal, ethical, and social dilemmas that accompany modern medicine. In the United States, their growth has been augmented by Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) standards and the Patient Self-Determination Act. There appears to be an implicit presumption that all clinical ethics consultation practices are relatively similar. Finally, there is heightened awareness of the needs for quality standards and assessment of the outcomes of ethics consultations.
Neural Network Learning Theory Integrates Behavior Therapy And Behavior Genetics, Warren W. Tryon
Neural Network Learning Theory Integrates Behavior Therapy And Behavior Genetics, Warren W. Tryon
Psychology Faculty Publications
This article makes several preliminary points prior to presenting two examples of how Neural Network Learning Theory (NNLT) integrates behavior therapy and behavior genetics. I will argue that NNLT is both a cognitive and behavioral theory; that neither cognitive nor behavior theory informs us about biological, including genetic, factors; and that NNLT provides and understanding of how biological, including genetic, factors influence psychology and behavior. I use the term integration to mean that NNLT provides a single vocabulary and set of explanatory concepts consistent with the broad spectrum of behavioral and cognitive therapies and informs us as to how genetics …
Positive And Negative Responses To Personal Discrimination: Does Coping Make A Difference?, Mindi D. Foster
Positive And Negative Responses To Personal Discrimination: Does Coping Make A Difference?, Mindi D. Foster
Psychology Faculty Publications
Although psychological research has found that perceiving personal discrimination is associated with negative psychological symptoms, group consciousness theories suggest that perceiving personal discrimination can be empowering. To attempt to reconcile these presumably opposing findings, the present study suggested that how one copes with perceiving personal discrimination may better predict whether the outcomes are negative or positive than the perception of personal discrimination alone. American female university students ( N = 262) completed a questionnaire assessing their perceptions of personal discrimination, psychological symptoms and psychosocial behaviors. A series of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that coping mechanisms predicted psychosocial behaviors over and …
Utilization Of Global Attributions In Recognizing And Responding To Gender Discrimination Among College Women, Mindi D. Foster
Utilization Of Global Attributions In Recognizing And Responding To Gender Discrimination Among College Women, Mindi D. Foster
Psychology Faculty Publications
Although learned helplessness theories suggest that global attributions for gender discrimination may serve to promote feelings of helplessness about responding to discrimination, group consciousness theories suggest they may instead be a precursor to enhancing collective actions against discrimination.
To examine this theoretical discrepancy, college women completed measures of attributions for gender discrimination, political consciousness (as measured by common fate), participation in collective action, and helplessness behavior among college women. To examine the unique role of global attributions, participants were included if they made external and unstable attributions for discrimination (N = 231). Structural equation modeling showed hat recognizing discrimination occurs …
Infant Imitation Of Peer And Adult Models: Evidence For A Peer Model Advantage, Bridget O. Ryalls, Robina E. Gul, Kenneth R. Ryalls
Infant Imitation Of Peer And Adult Models: Evidence For A Peer Model Advantage, Bridget O. Ryalls, Robina E. Gul, Kenneth R. Ryalls
Psychology Faculty Publications
The imitation behavior of 30 infants, ages 14 to 18 months, were studied using both peer and adult models in an elicited imitation paradigm. Infants watched either a peer or an adult model perform four 3-step sequences (Le., put teddy to bed). Imitation was measured immediately after modeling and 1 week later. Results indicated significant memory for the sequences both immediately after modeling and 1 week later (compared with baseline performance). In addition, children in the peer model group outperformed children in the adult model group at both test times. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Why Al Gore Will Not Be Elected President In 2000, Aubrey Immelman
Why Al Gore Will Not Be Elected President In 2000, Aubrey Immelman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This article highlights the key role of extraversion with reference to electoral success in U.S. presidential elections since the advent of television and argues that the introverted Al Gore will therefore not be elected president in 2000. Starting with Franklin D. Roosevelt, nearly every U.S. president has been extraverted relative to other U.S. presidents, except for Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter. Moreover, since the first televised presidential debate (between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon) in 1960, the more outgoing candidate has consistently won the election, with the exception of Nixon in 1968 and 1972.
Relational And Physical Forms Of Peer Victimization In Preschool, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, Hyon-Chin Ku
Relational And Physical Forms Of Peer Victimization In Preschool, Nikki R. Crick, Juan F. Casas, Hyon-Chin Ku
Psychology Faculty Publications
Recent studies of peer victimization have demonstrated the importance of studying relational as well as physical forms of peer maltreatment for understanding children's social-psychological adjustment problems. Studies in this area have been limited thus far by a focus on school-age children (9–12-year olds). Given the significance of early identification of children's social difficulties for intervention and prevention efforts, this research was designed to assess relational and physical peer victimization among preschool-age children (3–5-year-olds). Results indicated that boys were significantly more physically victimized than girls whereas girls were more relationally victimized. Both relational and physical victims experienced greater adjustment problems than …
Acting Out Against Gender Discrimination: The Effects Of Different Social Identities, Mindi D. Foster
Acting Out Against Gender Discrimination: The Effects Of Different Social Identities, Mindi D. Foster
Psychology Faculty Publications
Self-categorization theory suggests that when a social identity is salient, group- oriented behavior will ensue. Thus, women should be likely to act out against gender discrimination when their social identity as women is salient. However, self-categorization theory has typically defined a social identity along stereo- types, which may serve instead to maintain the status quo. Two studies therefore examined the effects of two different social identities on taking action against discrimination. Participants were female students (Anglo American (93%), African American (2%), Native American (2%), Hispanic (1%), Asian American (1%) and Other (1%)). Study 1 examined a structural model and Study …
Perceiving And Responding To The Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson
Perceiving And Responding To The Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson
Psychology Faculty Publications
To explain why minority group members recognize less personal than group discrimination, research has focused on cognitive processes. While within self-categorization theory it may be argued the discrepancy is a function of a salient social self that perceptually discounts the personal self, it can also be argued that depersonalization allows for the cognitive possibility of perceiving similar amounts of personal and group discrimination. The present study suggested that, consistent with group consciousness theories, the social self may serve to both discount as well as integrate the social self, depending on the way in which the social self is defined. Using …
Memory Self-Efficacy In Its Social Cognitive Context, Jane M. Berry
Memory Self-Efficacy In Its Social Cognitive Context, Jane M. Berry
Psychology Faculty Publications
This chapter takes a primarily cognitive construct - memory self-efficacy (MSE) - and returns it to its roots - social cognition (Bandura, 1986). This is a natural and obvious move. MSE has evolved since the mid-1980s (Berry, West, & Powlishta, 1986; Hertzog, Dixon, Schulenberg, & Hultsch, 1987) to its present identity and status in the cognitive aging and adult developmental research literature. If it is to avoid becoming a hypothesis in search of data (Light, 1991) or worse, an epiphenomenon to more robust explanations of cognitive aging (e.g., speed) (Salthouse, 1993), its potential and limits must be scrutinized and subjected …
Efficacy Of Psychoeducational Group Therapy In Reducing Symptoms Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Multiply Traumatized Women, Hadar Lubin, Michelle Loris, John Burt, David Read Johnson
Efficacy Of Psychoeducational Group Therapy In Reducing Symptoms Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Multiply Traumatized Women, Hadar Lubin, Michelle Loris, John Burt, David Read Johnson
Psychology Faculty Publications
Objective: The role of group therapy in treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been traditionally restricted to issues of self-esteem and interpersonal relationships, rather than primary symptoms of the disorder. In this study, the authors examined the effectiveness of a 16-week trauma-focused, cognitive-behavioral group therapy, named Interactive Psychoeducational Group Therapy, in reducing primary symptoms of PTSD in five groups (N=29) of multiply traumatized women diagnosed with chronic PTSD. Method: The authors made assessments at baseline, at 1-month intervals during treatment, at termination, and at 6-month follow-up by using self-report and structured interview measures of PTSD and psychiatric symptoms. The …
Modeling Item-Level Data With Item Response Theory, Michael John Zickar
Modeling Item-Level Data With Item Response Theory, Michael John Zickar
Psychology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Political Personality Of U.S. Vice President Al Gore, Aubrey Immelman
The Political Personality Of U.S. Vice President Al Gore, Aubrey Immelman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper presents the results of an indirect psychodiagnostic assessment of the political personality of U.S. vice president Al Gore, Democratic nominee in the 2000 presidential election, from the conceptual perspective of Theodore Millon.
Information concerning Al Gore was collected from published biographical and autobiographical accounts and political reports in the print media, and synthesized into personality profiles using the second edition of the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria (MIDC), which yields 34 normal and maladaptive personality classifications congruent with Axis II of DSM-IV.
The personality profile yielded by the MIDC was analyzed on the basis of interpretive guidelines …
Sead And The Ucav: A Preliminary Cognitive Systems Analysis, John M. Flach, Robert Eggleston, Gilbert G. Kuperman, Cynthia O. Dominguez
Sead And The Ucav: A Preliminary Cognitive Systems Analysis, John M. Flach, Robert Eggleston, Gilbert G. Kuperman, Cynthia O. Dominguez
Psychology Faculty Publications
This report is the first step of a program with three explicit goals: (1) to illustrate and test the framework of Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) for use in military systems analysis and design; (2) to generate a database that will be useful for designers and managers working on the development of UCAVs for use in the SEAD mission; and (3) to develop interfaces for UCAVs. These goals are tightly coupled in that the usefulness of the database and the ability to develop effective interfaces and user-aiding concepts will be the true test of the CSE framework. The report is most …
Victory By Design: War, Information, And Cognitive Systems Engineering, John M. Flach, Gilbert G. Kuperman
Victory By Design: War, Information, And Cognitive Systems Engineering, John M. Flach, Gilbert G. Kuperman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This report discusses the new field of cognitive systems engineering (CSE) and explores the applicability of the CSE paradigm to the domain of information warfare (IW). CSE's goal is the application and design integration of information technology (including both human and automated information processing systems) to facilitate work. CSE defines work as effort to move through a problem space to achieve specific objectives. Information warfare represents a work domain where the effective management of information must incorporate the effective utilization of rapid advances in technology (e.g., sensors, communications, and display devices). The report examines IW and Basic Air Force Doctrine …
Treatment Of Brain Tumors In Children Is Associated With Abnormal Mrs Ratios In Brain Tissue Remote From The Tumor Site., Sandra M. Waldrop, Patricia C. Davis, Carol A. Padgett, Marla B. Shapiro, Robin D. Morris
Treatment Of Brain Tumors In Children Is Associated With Abnormal Mrs Ratios In Brain Tissue Remote From The Tumor Site., Sandra M. Waldrop, Patricia C. Davis, Carol A. Padgett, Marla B. Shapiro, Robin D. Morris
Psychology Faculty Publications
PURPOSE: Children who have brain tumors are at risk for a variety of treatment-related sequelae, including neuropsychological and cognitive impairment, neurologic deficits, and neuroendocrinologic disturbances. We sought to determine the value of proton MR spectroscopy in assessing brain tissue remote from the tumor site to ascertain the effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatment in these patients.
METHODS: Single-voxel proton MR spectra from 70 patients (111 spectra) and 11 healthy volunteers (11 spectra) were analyzed. NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and Cho/Cr ratios based on peak areas were obtained from nonneoplastic regions of the frontal lobe. The relationship between MR spectroscopic ratios and treatment …
Perceiving And Feeling Personal Discrimination: Motivation Or Inhibition For Collective Action?, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson
Perceiving And Feeling Personal Discrimination: Motivation Or Inhibition For Collective Action?, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson
Psychology Faculty Publications
Relative deprivation and group consciousness theories differ in their predictions of how personal discrimination and personal discontent will be related to taking collective action. According to relative deprivation theory, assessments of personal status should be unrelated to taking collective action.
In contrast, group consciousness theories suggest that while perceiving personal discrimination is necessary for collective action to occur, feelings of personal discontent may inhibit it. Female students completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of, and affective responses to personal discrimination, as well as their participation in collective actions. A hierarchical regression analysis found that personal discrimination and discontent interacted such that …