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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Helping Behavior In Heavy Metal Concerts, Jared Wildberger, Ingrid G. Farreras
Helping Behavior In Heavy Metal Concerts, Jared Wildberger, Ingrid G. Farreras
Modern Psychological Studies
This study tested whether the gender of research confederates at heavy metal concert mosh pits would affect the helping behavior they receive. One male research confederate and one female research confederate each entered a mosh pit at various heavy metal concerts 30 times and then fell down. If and how they were helped by other concert goers was then coded as receiving direct help, indirect help, or no help. A chi-square found statistically significant differences in the way the two research confederates were helped, with the female research confederate receiving more indirect help than the male research confederate, and the …
Brief Report: How Implicit Attitudes Toward Emotion Regulation Influence Partner-Directed Aggression, Katherine A. Pendergast, Christopher Eckhardt
Brief Report: How Implicit Attitudes Toward Emotion Regulation Influence Partner-Directed Aggression, Katherine A. Pendergast, Christopher Eckhardt
Modern Psychological Studies
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetration involves many risk factors related to cognitions and emotions, such as insufficient emotion regulation. Those who inadequately regulate negative emotions have been shown to be more likely to have a history of partner violence. However, during routine activities, such as dealing with an intimate partner, emotions are regulated without effortful processing or monitoring. Because this unmonitored emotion regulation process takes place, implicit, or indirect measures of emotion regulation may be better suited to assess unconscious attitudes toward regulating negative emotions. We examined if implicit attitudes toward emotion regulation are related to the frequency of aggressive …
Can You Remember? Factors Predicting Memory Accuracy In Eyewitnesses, Jamie Rich, Wind Goodfriend
Can You Remember? Factors Predicting Memory Accuracy In Eyewitnesses, Jamie Rich, Wind Goodfriend
Modern Psychological Studies
People become witnesses to crimes every day. This study further investigated witness variables such as sex and age, as well as the personality trait conscientiousness, in relation to one’s ability to accurately remember a fictional crime scene. An experimental manipulation was also utilized; participants read an article claiming that either men or women were three times better at memory (a self-fulfilling prophecy effect). Then, they watched a short video of a crime and were asked to recall details. As expected, age and memory accuracy were negatively correlated (p < .001) and conscientiousness was positively correlated with memory accuracy (p = .046). There were no significant differences found among participants based on experimental conditions (p = .700), but a main effect of participant sex was marginally significant (p = .065), with women having slightly better memories than men. Studying how individual traits relate to memory accuracy can help determine factors that influence eyewitness scenarios and whether juries should rely on eyewitnesses. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
She Asked For It: Statistics And Predictors Of Rape Myth Acceptance, Patrice Crall, Wind Goodfriend
She Asked For It: Statistics And Predictors Of Rape Myth Acceptance, Patrice Crall, Wind Goodfriend
Modern Psychological Studies
Where rape exists, there are people who believe in cultural myths about rape causes and victims. Acceptance of these rape myths increases and decreases based on many predictors; the present study investigated how rape myth acceptance varied in different populations on the campus of a small, private, liberal arts university. Although overall rape myth acceptance on campus was relatively low, analyses revealed that female participant sex, knowing a victim, and being able to identify contextual sexual assaults were predictive of lower rape myth acceptance. Additional hypotheses and research questions were tested but showed non-significant results. The findings of this study …
Infant Mother And Father Attachment Predict Child Behavior At 24 Months, Haemi Nam, Marla Beyer
Infant Mother And Father Attachment Predict Child Behavior At 24 Months, Haemi Nam, Marla Beyer
Modern Psychological Studies
A large body of evidence indicates that secure infant-mother attachment significantly predicts optimal socialemotional development; however, fathers’ role in infancy has received less attention. Fathers’ role may be especially critical in families who are at higher risk due to fathers’ alcohol abuse/dependence and associated risks. We hypothesized that infants who are securely attached to both parents in the first year (as measured by the Strange Situation paradigm) of life will be more responsive and positive during play interactions with both parents in the second year. The sample consisted of 227 infants (50.1% female); 55.1% had a father who met the …
The Effects Of Hiv Onset, Gender And Casual Sex Attitude On Perceptions And Reactions Towards Plhiv, Colin Hong Jie Tan, George D. Bishop
The Effects Of Hiv Onset, Gender And Casual Sex Attitude On Perceptions And Reactions Towards Plhiv, Colin Hong Jie Tan, George D. Bishop
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study examined undergraduates’ attributions (control, responsibility and blame), emotional responses (anger and sympathy) and helping intentions (personal help and support for institutional assistance) towards PLHIV in Singapore. A 2 x 2 between-subjects design using vignettes systematically manipulated HIV onset controllability (high: casual sex / low: unfaithful spouse) and PLHIV gender (male/female). Two hundred fiftythree undergraduates from the National University of Singapore participated in the study. Significant main effects of HIV onset controllability were found for participants’ attributions, emotional responses and support for institutional assistance. A marginally significant main effect of HIV onset controllability was found for participants’ personal …
Deception: Neurological Foundations, Cognitive Processes, And Practical Forensic Applications, Jason T. Weber
Deception: Neurological Foundations, Cognitive Processes, And Practical Forensic Applications, Jason T. Weber
Modern Psychological Studies
Deception is a foundational part of everyday interactions, and everyone will be deceived and will be a deceiver at some point in their life. When examining the brain while telling a lie, neuroimaging studies have shown an increased activity in the prefrontal cortex. While some evidence does not find a correlation between deception and prefrontal activity, different types of deception activating different brain regions could explain this. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for planning and executive control, which appears to be the main cognitive process associated with deception. This is evidenced by the ability to lie increasing as executive function …
The Effects Of Face-To-Face And Online Social Stress On Emotion Identification, Anna N. Rabasco, Erin S. Sheets
The Effects Of Face-To-Face And Online Social Stress On Emotion Identification, Anna N. Rabasco, Erin S. Sheets
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study examined whether the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) could be replicated in online, text-based communication, and whether both online and in-person social stress impacted emotion identification. Participants were college students (n = 58) who experienced stress elicitation either face-to-face (TSST) or online (e-Trier). They then identified angry, fearful, happy, and ambiguous angry-fearful facial expressions. The effectiveness of the TSST was replicated, while the e-Trier was only successful in eliciting stress at the mid-point of the task. In the less stressful conditions (e-Trier and control) men identified ambiguous expressions as significantly more angry than women, while this gender …
The Appraisal Similarity Effect: How Social Appraisals Influence Liking, Jomel W. X. Ng, Eddie M. W. Tong, Sher Ling Kwek
The Appraisal Similarity Effect: How Social Appraisals Influence Liking, Jomel W. X. Ng, Eddie M. W. Tong, Sher Ling Kwek
Modern Psychological Studies
The effects of cognitive appraisals on interpersonal relationships have hardly been studied. Three experiments examined how empathic social appraisal could influence liking. We tested for the appraisal similarity effect in which perceived similarity in appraisals boosts liking. In Experiment 1, perception of appraisal similarity led participants to express liking by disclosing personal contact information. This effect was replicated using a selfreport measure of liking in Experiments 2 and 3. Also, by independently manipulating attitude similarity, the appraisal similarity effect was deactivated under perceived attitude dissimilarity. Likewise, the robust attitude similarity effect was invalidated under perceived appraisal dissimilarity. In Experiment 3, …
Does Ethnicity Affect How Older Adults Deal With Stressors At Home?, Sarah S. Monazah, Jennifer A. Bellingtiger, Agnes A. Gall, Shevaun D. Neupert
Does Ethnicity Affect How Older Adults Deal With Stressors At Home?, Sarah S. Monazah, Jennifer A. Bellingtiger, Agnes A. Gall, Shevaun D. Neupert
Modern Psychological Studies
Numerous studies have examined stress in older adults but little research has examined the specific relationship between ethnicity and home stressors. We used a micro-longitudinal eight day daily diary study to examine reactivity to home stressors in older adults. 42 participants reported on 337 days from the Greater Raleigh Area all between the ages of 60 to 96 representing European-Americans and African-Americans. Participants reported their daily home stressor resolution (resolved or unresolved) and daily physical symptoms (e.g., joint pain, fatigue, headache). We found that European-Americans had a significantly higher number of physical symptoms on days with an unresolved home stressor …
Characterizing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With The Slip Induction Task, Allen L. Nida, Amanda J. Clark
Characterizing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With The Slip Induction Task, Allen L. Nida, Amanda J. Clark
Modern Psychological Studies
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by increased distractibility and inhibitory deficits. This study sought to understand how individuals diagnosed with ADHD respond when required to inhibit a routine in response to unexpected stimuli. Ten young adults diagnosed with adult ADHD and ten controls completed the Slip Induction Task (SIT), a measure of attention and inhibition during a routine. The SIT involves participants repeatedly responding to a series of arrow cues, and then later adjusting their routine in response to unexpected stimuli. The findings of this study suggest that those with ADHD do not respond less accurately to novel …
Stimulants For Enhancement Purposes: Perceptions Attitudes, Usage Among University Students, Cara M. Karter, Lorenzo A. Washington, Anthony J. Ludlam
Stimulants For Enhancement Purposes: Perceptions Attitudes, Usage Among University Students, Cara M. Karter, Lorenzo A. Washington, Anthony J. Ludlam
Modern Psychological Studies
Objective: Determine perceptions, attitudes, and usage of non medical prescription stimulants among students at a Midwestern technology focused university. Participants: 241 university students. Methods: Data was collected in March 2015 through an anonymous web survey. A logistic regression model evaluated predictors. T-test was used to evaluate differences between groups. Results: 9.5% had used prescription stimulants without a valid prescription. Primary motives were academic preparation (78%) and recreation (61%). Nicotine use (OR = 8.99, CI 2.40, 33.77, p < .01), peer's suggestion (OR = 6.95, C12.21, 21.84, p < .01), and positive attitudes toward use (OR = 1.99, CI 1.06, 3.72, p < .05) increased odds of nonmedical use. Users and non-users differed in estimations of nonmedical use within peers (t (239) = 3.17, p < .01) and in their field (t (239) = 3.22, p < .01). Conclusions: Administrators should acknowledge student use and develop strategies to address it.
The Relationship Between Rumination, Gender, Age, And Posttraumatic Stress, Amber M. Markham, Susan E. Mason
The Relationship Between Rumination, Gender, Age, And Posttraumatic Stress, Amber M. Markham, Susan E. Mason
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between rumination and posttraumatic stress, and to determine the effects of gender and age on that relationship. Responses on brooding and reflective subscales of a rumination measure were compared across adult age groups, and evaluated in relationship to an individual's gender and emotional response to trauma. Women demonstrated higher levels of rumination than men, and younger adults demonstrated higher levels of rumination than older adults. In a college sample, total rumination score was a positive indicator of whether an individual was emotionally bothered by a traumatic experience. In a …
Sex And God #Blesses: The Relationship Between Faith And Reported Frequency Of Hooking-Up Among College Students, Charles W. Woods, Rachel P. Ryan, J. Alexa Robinson, Jennifer Silva Brown
Sex And God #Blesses: The Relationship Between Faith And Reported Frequency Of Hooking-Up Among College Students, Charles W. Woods, Rachel P. Ryan, J. Alexa Robinson, Jennifer Silva Brown
Modern Psychological Studies
Hooking-up is defined as a physically intimate encounter between two individuals whom are not romantically involved with one another (Stroke; et al., 2014). Past research has shown that students who reported that religion had a higher influence on their daily life also reported hooking-up less frequently (Simons, et al., 2009). Limited research has been conducted to measure whether priming persons with their religious beliefs- has an impact on the reported frequency of sexual health practices. This research extended the paradigm of Saroglou and Munoz-Garcia (2008) who employed a technique in which they asked participants questions about their values and personality …
The Role Of Self-Disclosure In Buffering Negative Feelings Within Adolescent Friendships, Nicholaas David W. Smith, Mandy B. Medvin
The Role Of Self-Disclosure In Buffering Negative Feelings Within Adolescent Friendships, Nicholaas David W. Smith, Mandy B. Medvin
Modern Psychological Studies
Friendship serves a variety of functions throughout development and can buffer the effects of negative experiences through self-disclosure, the communication of emotions. Participants were 140 adolescents (51% male, M =12.95 years old) that completed surveys examining the buffering of negative life events, global self-worth, and relationships with their best friend in a correlational design. It was hypothesized that buffered feelings from negative experiences would mediate the relationship between self-disclosure and global self-worth, particularly for girls. Findings indicated levels of self-disclosure and buffered feelings from negative experiences were not associated with increased global self-worth. Gender differences were found between ratings of …
Behaviors Of A Captive Coenobita Clypeatus In The Presence Of Varying Light Stimuli, Larry D. Fort, Ingrid K. Tulloch
Behaviors Of A Captive Coenobita Clypeatus In The Presence Of Varying Light Stimuli, Larry D. Fort, Ingrid K. Tulloch
Modern Psychological Studies
Coenobita clypeatus, or the purple pincher, is a terrestrial hermit crab and common pet in the United States. Modern behavioral studies have waned since the early 2000s; we therefore sought to characterize the behavior of a single captive C. clypeatus under varying light conditions. Frequency and duration of behaviors were studied in the presence of different light stimuli, along with weight monitoring. The crab was recorded for a set period of time every night with all conditions standardized except for light. The light stimulus alternated between no light, blue light, and red light. The case study revealed a significant increase …
Alzheimer's- The Cholinergic Hypothesis And Gene- Targeting Stem Cell Treatment, Richa Gautam, Emma Nichols
Alzheimer's- The Cholinergic Hypothesis And Gene- Targeting Stem Cell Treatment, Richa Gautam, Emma Nichols
Modern Psychological Studies
As the mean age of the world population rises and people's life expectancies increase, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease will increase and will pose a threat to society in terms of the people affected and the money used. Current therapies are not adequate in that they are unable to extend life beyond a few months. This review will both overview the predominant hypotheses about how to approach the treatment of Alzheimer's as well as discuss some of the treatments available and those in preclinical phases. Finally, we will discuss the ideas and recent research behind gene therapy and stem cell …
Cross Generational Immigrant Attitudes Toward Mental Health Services, Liudmila Shapoval, Elizabeth L. Jeglic
Cross Generational Immigrant Attitudes Toward Mental Health Services, Liudmila Shapoval, Elizabeth L. Jeglic
Modern Psychological Studies
Depression is a major mental health problem both in the United States and globally, and thus, increasing research has focused on how to treat it. The major treatments include medication and psychotherapy; however, it appears that most depressed individuals are selecting pharmacological treatment as opposed to psychological treatment despite treatments similar outcomes. This is in contract to survey data which suggests that individuals overall prefer psychological types of treatment (Givens et al., 2007; Olfson & Marcus, 2009). As the population of the United States increases to become more ethnically and cultural diverse, little is known about how racial and cultural …
Changing Attitudes About Employing The Disabled: What Works And Why, James Hall, Richie Zweigenhaft
Changing Attitudes About Employing The Disabled: What Works And Why, James Hall, Richie Zweigenhaft
Modern Psychological Studies
Previous research on attitudes towards disabled individuals have found inconsistencies that have been reported in studies that use the Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale (IDP). This research paper attempted to show that the IDP scale is as reliable as the Attitudes towards Disabled People (ATDP). The IDP scale did have a lower than expected Cronbach's alpha = .62, but moderate to strong relationship was found between the two scales, r = .44, p < .001. In order to further understand attitude differences and to help disabled individuals succeed in the workplace, the research conducted analyzed three different variables that could have an impact. Differences in education using both scales were analyzed. The IDP scaled proved not to be consistent analyzing this variable. The ATDP scale was approaching significance, F(2, 70) = .2.882, p = .06, eta2 = .08, and a larger sample size could change the results. The experimenter in this research is disabled and used that to understand f his presence would have an impact on results. In terms of the IDP scale there was no statistical significance between those he gave the scale to and those who received it from someone else, but using the ATDP scale there was a statistical difference found using t test, p = .02. Interactions with individuals were also analyzed but found no statistical significance. Further research in quality of life in individuals with disabilities could prove to be beneficial when bridging the gap between those with disabilities and those with no disabilities.
The Age Of Racial Profiling In The Context Of Terrorism, Amanda L. Smith, Susan E. Mason
The Age Of Racial Profiling In The Context Of Terrorism, Amanda L. Smith, Susan E. Mason
Modern Psychological Studies
Racial profiling refers to the law enforcement practice of using only race or ethnicity as probable cause to search or arrest an individual. The public has found racial profiling to be unjustified in the context of common crime, but tends to support the practice in the context of terrorism. The current study uses an explicit judgment survey to examine the expression of prejudice and factors that influence stereotyping. The study found that participants aged 18 to 24, and those who identified with a political party, were the participants most likely to racially profile individuals with stereotypical Middle-Eastern features to be …