Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Experimental Analysis of Behavior (10)
- Applied Behavior Analysis (8)
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology (6)
- Social Psychology (6)
- Clinical Psychology (5)
-
- Cognition and Perception (5)
- Personality and Social Contexts (5)
- Community Psychology (3)
- Education (3)
- Child Psychology (2)
- Cognitive Psychology (2)
- Communication (2)
- School Psychology (2)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (2)
- Biological Psychology (1)
- Counseling Psychology (1)
- Developmental Psychology (1)
- Educational Psychology (1)
- Elementary Education and Teaching (1)
- Multicultural Psychology (1)
- Organizational Communication (1)
- Pre-Elementary, Early Childhood, Kindergarten Teacher Education (1)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (1)
- Public Policy (1)
- Quantitative Psychology (1)
- Science and Mathematics Education (1)
- Social Media (1)
- Sociology (1)
- Keyword
-
- Aging (2)
- Emotion (2)
- Head Start (2)
- ASD (1)
- Active (1)
-
- Adolescents (1)
- Analytical tasks (1)
- And Legal Implications (1)
- Andrew Mienaltowski (1)
- Anticipated feedback proximity (1)
- Associative binding (1)
- Autism (1)
- Baseball (1)
- Based (1)
- Behavior Analysis (1)
- Bilingualism (1)
- Book Reading (1)
- CSE (1)
- Career and workforce development (1)
- Causal cues; cognitive aging; contextual information (1)
- Classroom diversity (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- College experience (1)
- Court Cases (1)
- Creative tasks (1)
- Criterion (1)
- Critical Incidents (1)
- Curriculum Based Measurement (1)
- Curvature (1)
- Decision-making methods (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 33
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Motivational Differences In Why Sports Fans Attend Minor League Baseball And Roller Derby Events, Anissa S. Pugh
Motivational Differences In Why Sports Fans Attend Minor League Baseball And Roller Derby Events, Anissa S. Pugh
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The aim of the current study was to examine the differences in sport fan motivation factors between mainstream (Minor League baseball) and atypical (roller derby) fans. Eighty-one fans (40 Minor League baseball and 41 roller derby) completed an 8 question demographic survey, a 26-item Sport Fan Motivation Scale, a 7-item Sport Spectator Identification Scale, and a 10-item Sport Fan Exploratory Curiosity Scale. It was believed that fans of Minor League baseball would be more motivated by the entertainment factor than roller derby fans. While roller derby fans would be more motivated by eustress, group affiliation and family factors at the …
Age And Context Dependency In Causal Learning, Katherine Danielle Lowry
Age And Context Dependency In Causal Learning, Katherine Danielle Lowry
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The ability to make associations between causal cues and outcomes is an important adaptive trait that allows us to properly prepare for an upcoming event. Encoding context is a type of associative processing; thus, context is also an important aspect of acquiring causal relationships. Context gives us additional information about how two events are related and allows us to be flexible in how we respond to causal cues. Research indicates that older adults exhibit an associative deficit as well as a deficit in contextual processing; therefore, it seems likely that these deficits are responsible for the deficit in older adults’ …
The Effects Of Aging On Associative Learning And Memory Retrieval In Causal Judgment, Jessica Parks Arnold
The Effects Of Aging On Associative Learning And Memory Retrieval In Causal Judgment, Jessica Parks Arnold
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Research has shown that detecting and judging causal relationships requires associative learning and memory. Retrospective revaluation of causal cues requires associative memory (Aitken, Larkin, & Dickinson, 2001) to bind multiple cues together and use these associations to retrieve unseen cues for revaluation of their associative value. The difficulty that older adults experience with respect to retrospective revaluation could occur because of their deficit in associative binding and retrieval (Mutter, Atchley, & Plumlee, 2012). Like retrospective revaluation, blocking requires cue – outcome associative learning, but unlike retrospective revaluation, blocking does not require binding two cues together nor does it require using …
Examining The Relationship Between Functions Of Self-Directed Violence And The Suicide Implicit Association Test, Cody D. Haynes
Examining The Relationship Between Functions Of Self-Directed Violence And The Suicide Implicit Association Test, Cody D. Haynes
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Suicide and non-suicidal self-injury are concerning and prevalent phenomena in the United States; as a result, much research has been undertaken in order to investigate these topics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015a). Although the exploration of risk factors is a common approach, other novel approaches have been developed in order to better understand self-directed violence (Klonsky & May, 2013). One of these is a focus on functions served by these behaviors, which is theorized to contribute to grasping their etiologies and help provide effective treatment (Glenn & Klonsky, 2011). Another approach is investigating implicit cognition and selfassociations’ influences …
The Relationship Between Bilingualism, Cognitive Control, And Mind Wandering, Leah J. Shulley
The Relationship Between Bilingualism, Cognitive Control, And Mind Wandering, Leah J. Shulley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The unique linguistic experience of bilingualism purportedly produces cognitive control advantages. Although there is a significant body of evidence supporting this view, there are also several recently published research studies that failed to replicate bilingual advantages. Furthermore, there is some evidence of a publication bias that favors findings supporting a bilingual advantage. The purpose of this study was to address this discrepancy in the literature by examining performance of bilinguals and monolinguals on a variety of cognitive control tasks. A second purpose was to determine how bilinguals are able to achieve better performance if they do indeed have an advantage. …
Age Differences In The Impact Of Emotional Cues On Subsequent Target Detection, Brandon Wade Coffey
Age Differences In The Impact Of Emotional Cues On Subsequent Target Detection, Brandon Wade Coffey
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Emotional cues within the environment capture our attention and influence how we perceive our surroundings. Past research has shown that emotional cues presented before the detection of a perceptual gap can actually impair the perception of elementary visual features (e.g., the lack of detail creating a spatial gap) while simultaneously improving the perception of fast temporal features of vision (e.g., the rapid onset, offset, and re-emergence of a stimulus). This effect has been attributed to amygdalar enhancements of visual inputs conveying emotional features along magnocellular channels. The current study compared participants’ ability to detect spatial and temporal gaps in simple …
Dynamic Tactile Information Is Sufficient For Precise Curvature Discrimination, Jacob R. Cheeseman
Dynamic Tactile Information Is Sufficient For Precise Curvature Discrimination, Jacob R. Cheeseman
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Our tactile perceptual experiences occur when we interact, actively and passively, with environmental objects and surfaces. Previous research has demonstrated that active manual exploration enhances the tactile perception of object shape. Nevertheless, the factors that contribute to this enhancement are not well understood. The present study evaluated the ability of 14 older adults to discriminate curved surfaces by actively feeling objects with a single index finger and by passively feeling objects that moved relative to a restrained finger. The curvature discrimination thresholds obtained for passive-dynamic touch were significantly lower than those that occurred during active-dynamic touch. This result demonstrates that …
Examining Associations Between Infant Temperament, Parental Competence, And Family Resources And Their Effects On Parental Sensitivity, Victoria L. Greenwell
Examining Associations Between Infant Temperament, Parental Competence, And Family Resources And Their Effects On Parental Sensitivity, Victoria L. Greenwell
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
A sensitive parent-child relationship is essential in ensuring the healthy mental and physical development of an individual. Parental sensitivity can be affected by parent characteristics, such parental competence and resources as well as child characteristics, such as negative reactivity. The combination of how these parent and infant factors predict parental sensitivity has not been examined with both mothers and fathers. The current study involved 30, 4-month old infants and their mothers and fathers. Parents completed questionnaires measuring infant temperament and parental competence. They also participated in a demographic interview to measure family resources, as well as a dyadic parent-infant face-to-face …
Factors Affecting Academic Procrastination, John Paul Reynolds
Factors Affecting Academic Procrastination, John Paul Reynolds
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study sought to understand the relationships among locus of control, parenting style, academic procrastination, and financial independence with a population of undergraduate students. A sample of 61 students (39 females, 21 males, 1 other) completed measures of demographics, locus of control, parenting style, and academic procrastination. Participants were recruited within the last two weeks of the semester. Therefore, the sample probably contained a higher percentage of procrastinators than the general population. There were no significant correlations across the total sample. There was a significant positive correlation between higher scores on the Parental Authority Questionnaire authoritative scale and the Procrastination …
The Electrophysiology Of Written Informal Language, Taylor S. Blaetz
The Electrophysiology Of Written Informal Language, Taylor S. Blaetz
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Language is an essential component of human behavior. It is ubiquitous, but more importantly, it is malleable and it is constantly changing. Part of the dynamic nature of informal communication is the introduction and adoption of new linguistic elements. Online communication provides a window into this informal public discourse; therefore, it may be useful for testing hypotheses about the processes underlying the acquisition and use of new words. The comprehension of informal language may lead to an understanding of how these new informal words are integrated into our mental lexicon. The current study was an electroencephalographic (EEG) investigation of the …
Effects Of Life Review On Happiness And Life Satisfaction In Older Adults, Molly C. White
Effects Of Life Review On Happiness And Life Satisfaction In Older Adults, Molly C. White
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Life review involves a systematic, chronological review of an individual’s life from birth to death as well as an examination of the meaningfulness of life experiences and events. The purpose of the current study was to discover the effects of life review on happiness and life satisfaction in the older population. Participants from 71 to 85 years of age completed a demographics questionnaire, the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). SHS and SWLS were completed every other day from the beginning to the end of the data collection process. Once a consistent baseline was reached …
Success Indicators Of College Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Megan M. Prickett
Success Indicators Of College Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Megan M. Prickett
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study examined the executive functioning skills as students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) entered college. The participants consisted of 95 college students with ASD who attended the Kelly Autism Program (KAP) on Western Kentucky University’s campus in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The individuals in the sample were categorized three groups: individuals who graduated from college, individuals who were still attending college, and individuals who dropped out of college. The results indicated that the executive functioning skills of inhibiting and initiation were statistically significantly different between the three groups and additional skills were significantly different when comparing only the group that …
Impact Of A Teacher Training Program To Increase Informative Praise And Decrease Commands And Negative Comments, Lauren A. Binford
Impact Of A Teacher Training Program To Increase Informative Praise And Decrease Commands And Negative Comments, Lauren A. Binford
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Research has found that many children who come from a low socioeconomic background often begin their schooling careers behind most students. Head Start programs around the nation are utilized to close the gap in achievement, by providing those students with the educational support necessary to prepare them for future schooling. However, when assessed with the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS), Head Start programs have been found to be weaker in the area of Instructional Support. As a result, teachers are falling short in the way they provide feedback, incorporate higher thinking skills, and foster language development. In order to strengthen …
Suicidal Thoughts And Behavior Among Black College Students: Examining The Impact Of Distress Tolerance And Social Support On Suicidality, Anisha L. Thomas
Suicidal Thoughts And Behavior Among Black College Students: Examining The Impact Of Distress Tolerance And Social Support On Suicidality, Anisha L. Thomas
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of distress tolerance in suicidality among Black college students. It was hypothesized that (1) individuals with low levels of distress tolerance would report higher levels of suicide ideation; (2) individuals with high levels of distress tolerance would report greater suicide attempts; (3) social support would moderate the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide ideation; (4) social support would moderate the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide attempts; and that (5) family and peer support would act as distinct buffers against suicidality. These hypotheses were tested by surveying 47 undergraduate university …
Training Evaluation Investigating Core Self-Evaluations And Perceptions Of Training Transfer, Thomas P. Patterson
Training Evaluation Investigating Core Self-Evaluations And Perceptions Of Training Transfer, Thomas P. Patterson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Although training evaluation is understood as an important way of determining the effectiveness of a training program, additional research in the area of training transfer and core self-evaluations (CSE) could provide insight on measuring the effectiveness of training programs. Training transfer differences and CSE were examined in training courses offered in a workforce development program. The goals of the study were to: (1) evaluate the validity of using CSE as a means of predicting perceptions of transfer, (2) test the previous findings that utility reactions measures are a stronger predictor of transfer than affective reactions measures, (3) determine which type …
Impact Of A Teacher Training Program To Increase Cognitively Stimulating Talk: Pretest And Immediate Post-Test Results, Laura E. Fisher
Impact Of A Teacher Training Program To Increase Cognitively Stimulating Talk: Pretest And Immediate Post-Test Results, Laura E. Fisher
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The literacy skills that students develop in preschool are an imperative aspect of school readiness and later academic success. Research has established that some students begin their educational experience at a disadvantage due to the low socioeconomic status (SES) of their family and, as a result, low levels of conversation between parents and children, restricted access to books, and low values placed on literacy. Past research supports that shared book reading is one of the most beneficial activities in which teachers can partake in order to optimize their students’ language development. The Head Start program is intended to alleviate the …
Physical Activity As A Contributing Factor To Engagement In Self-Harm Behaviors Among Youth, Shannon Danielle Boone
Physical Activity As A Contributing Factor To Engagement In Self-Harm Behaviors Among Youth, Shannon Danielle Boone
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study explored the potential for physical activity to be an effective, healthy coping strategy alternative to self-harm behaviors. Regression analyses were performed to assess how physical activity level related to risk factors (i.e., emotional dysregulation, self-esteem, and depression) and self-harm behaviors. The relationship between selfharm and exercise motivations was also examined. Participants were recruited from two high schools (n = 95) and one university (n = 72) in the southeastern region of the United States. Analyses were run using the following measures from a survey packet: adapted Exercise Questionnaire (Helmerhorst, Brage, Warren, Besson, & Ekelund, 2012), Exercise Motivations Inventory—Second …
The Effects Of Problem-Based Learning On Mathematics Achievement Of Elementary Students Across Time, Brittany Marie Crowley
The Effects Of Problem-Based Learning On Mathematics Achievement Of Elementary Students Across Time, Brittany Marie Crowley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The present study specifically evaluated the long-term effects of problem-based learning (PBL) instruction on the mathematics achievement of students who demonstrated higher ability in the subject area than their comparable peers. Subjects included 65 students from six south-central Kentucky elementary schools who participated in Project Gifted Education in Math and Science (Project GEMS), a grant partially funded through the Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Program. The students were assigned to one of three conditions – PBL-Plus, PBL, or Control – based upon school of attendance. The participants were then administered baseline testing in the fall of the …
Eye Movements Of Highly Identified Sport Fans, Michele N. Murdock
Eye Movements Of Highly Identified Sport Fans, Michele N. Murdock
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Individuals who are highly identified with a sport team have a strong psychological connection with the team (Wann et al., 2001). Sport team identification can be beneficial to communities and individuals. It provides entertainment, helps form group affiliation, and improves self-esteem. Because team identification is important to people, they notice environmental cues related to the team. Individuals are more likely to attend to a stimulus that is liked or one that is familiar. When an individual has accessible attitudes toward an object, he or she is more likely to attend to and notice the object (Roskos-Ewoldsen & Fazio, 1992). The …
A Review Of Court Cases Involving Discrimination In Physical Ability Testing: 1992-2015, Casey L. Biggs
A Review Of Court Cases Involving Discrimination In Physical Ability Testing: 1992-2015, Casey L. Biggs
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Organizations that employ physically demanding jobs want to ensure their selection procedures distinguish qualified applicants from unqualified applicants. However, such selection tools typically result in adverse impact against various protected groups and often lead to litigation. Various factors influence the court’s decision to rule in favor of the plaintiff or the defendant. The purpose of the present study is to identify those factors. The ADA (1990) created strict guidelines for plaintiffs and defendants to follow to be credible in a discrimination case. This study will specifically determine the impact of the ADA guidelines and three additional factors that influence court …
Can Quantitative Assessment Of Moral Identity Be Improved?, David Adrion Baker
Can Quantitative Assessment Of Moral Identity Be Improved?, David Adrion Baker
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
According to results from Aquino and Reed (study 5, 2002) and Hall and Derryberry (2010), high means and very low standard deviations of the average score for each question for both the internalization and symbolization scales of the Moral Identity Scale (MIS) are common. This study attempts to measure the extent to which a person considers morality to be a central part of his or her self-concept. Because participants may feel pressure to respond in a certain way on the MIS, the role of social desirability to respond favorably is very plausible. The current study, therefore, attempts to reduce socially …
Using Critical Incidents: The Development Of A Behaviorally Based Training Program For Supervisor Citizenship Behavior And Feedback Skills, Jody J. Lecheler
Using Critical Incidents: The Development Of A Behaviorally Based Training Program For Supervisor Citizenship Behavior And Feedback Skills, Jody J. Lecheler
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
It has been argued (Greer, 2013) that supervisors are a critical component in organizational effectiveness. Supervisors are required to hold many roles within the organization (Evans, 1965). Specifically, employees often see supervisors as representatives of the organization, while the organization depends on supervisors to maintain production (Greer, 2013). Many supervisors also fill a variety of other organizational roles such as mentor, trainer, motivator, disciplinarian, evaluator, and leader (Evans, 1965). For these reasons, effective supervisors are crucial to organizational success. The present study developed a behaviorally based training program for supervisors for a poultry processing organization. The training program content included …
Examining Quality Of Hire As A Function Of Person-Organization And Person-Job Fit At "Pharmco", Leah L. Palmer
Examining Quality Of Hire As A Function Of Person-Organization And Person-Job Fit At "Pharmco", Leah L. Palmer
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
In response to the millennial job-hopping fad and increasingly low retention rates organizations are facing, it is more important than ever that the best-fit candidate is chosen for the position and the organization. There are two common ways fit is typically defined: person-organization (P-O) fit is the congruence between an employee and the characteristics of a company; person-job (P-J) fit is the match between an employee’s knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) and the requirements of the job in the organization (Edwards, 1991; Kristof, 1996). A large pharmaceutical company developed a quality of new hire criterion measure as a function of …
Organizational Use Of Social Networking In Employment Actions, Cameron R. Lile
Organizational Use Of Social Networking In Employment Actions, Cameron R. Lile
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study examined federal court cases related to the use of social media websites (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn) in various employment practices (e.g., selection, promotion, employee monitoring, layoffs). Court cases were identified using various online databases in an attempt to create an exhaustive list of cases to be used to better understand the role that social media has played in organizational settings and the legal implications of its use. The results of this study show that there were a significant number of cases involving termination and Facebook, and organizations prevailed in court significantly more than the defendant did. The …
The Effects Of Age And Task On Visual Emotion Processing, Nicole Elaine Chambers
The Effects Of Age And Task On Visual Emotion Processing, Nicole Elaine Chambers
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Younger adults’ perception of and attention to facial stimuli are enhanced by positive and negative emotional expressions, with negativity leading to a greater benefit than positivity. Conversely, older adults demonstrate a positivity bias, devoting more attention to positive stimuli and less to negative. It is unclear if age differences in these attentional preferences emerge due to differences in how their perceptual systems respond to positive and negative stimuli. Emotional facial expressions elicit enhanced P1 and N170 components of visually-evoked event-related potentials (ERP) over posterior scalp regions associated with vision. The current study examined the extent to which angry and happy …
The Effects Of Classroom And Informal-Interactional Diversity On Learning And Democracy Outcomes, Chloe Elizabeth Williams
The Effects Of Classroom And Informal-Interactional Diversity On Learning And Democracy Outcomes, Chloe Elizabeth Williams
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Exposure to increased diversity has been found to produce beneficial results in both learning and democracy outcomes across races; however, this relationship is more consistent for White students than students of color (Gurin, Dey, Hurtado, & Gurin, 2002). Using the data from a campus-wide diversity survey, the relationship between two types of diversity (informal-interactional and classroom) with learning and democracy outcomes was examined in a mid-sized university. Additional analyses were conducted to identify trends in diversity attitude and perception of campus climate toward diversity. Increased classroom diversity and informal-interactional diversity were both found to be related to increased learning and …
Facets Of Narcissism In Relation To Muscle Dysmorphia And Eating Disorder Symptomotology, Chanceton K. Littrell
Facets Of Narcissism In Relation To Muscle Dysmorphia And Eating Disorder Symptomotology, Chanceton K. Littrell
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Previous research exploring the relationship between muscle dysmorphia, drive for muscularity, and disordered eating behaviors in relation to personality characteristics, particularly narcissism, has yielded interesting, though often conflictual, results. The current study attempts to further explore these relationships through assessing muscle dysmorphia, drive for muscularity, and disordered eating in relation different facets of narcissism: grandiose and hypersensitive. Participants for the current study included 173 male students that were recruited via departmental Study Board. Participants completed demographic information, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Muscle Dysmorphia Questionnaire, the Drive for Muscularity Scale, and the Eating Attitudes Test-26. Results …
The Effect Of Forewarning On Suggestibility: Does It Depend On Working Memory Capacity?, William Barrett Corley
The Effect Of Forewarning On Suggestibility: Does It Depend On Working Memory Capacity?, William Barrett Corley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Suggestibility occurs when inaccurate information is incorporated into currently existing memories. The present study examined the effect of forewarning on suggestibility, including the influence of working memory capacity (WMC). The main hypotheses are that forewarnings will reduce suggestibility compared to the control group and that high-WMC will yield lower suggestibility compared to medium- and low-WMC. The final hypothesis is that WMC and forewarning will interact such that low-WMC individuals will benefit more than high-WMC individuals from the forewarning. A sample of 123 college students was recruited. Participants watched a clip of the TV-show 24. WMC was then assessed followed by …
Further Evaluating The Effect Of Behavioral Observability And Overall Impressions On Rater Agreement: A Replication Study, Patrick Sizemore
Further Evaluating The Effect Of Behavioral Observability And Overall Impressions On Rater Agreement: A Replication Study, Patrick Sizemore
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This replication study sought to analyze the effects of behavioral observability and overall impressions on rater agreement, as recently examined by Roch, Paquin, & Littlejohn (2009) and Scott (2012). Results from the study performed by Roch et al. indicated that raters are more likely to agree when items are either more difficult to rate or less observable. In the replication study conducted by Scott, the results did not support the relationship which Roch et al. found between observability and rater agreement, but did support the relationship previously found between item difficulty and rater agreement. The four objectives of this replication …
The Effects Of Anticipated Feedback Proximity On Performance: Exploring The Moderating Role Of Self-Efficacy And Task Type, Xingya Xu
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The present study investigated the effect of anticipated feedback proximity (immediately after completing the task or one week later) on performance and the moderating role of self-efficacy and task types (analytical or creative). I hypothesized that expecting rapid feedback should yield better performance than expecting delayed feedback, for people with high self-efficacy or those who receive analytical tasks. For those who receive creative tasks or have low self-efficacy, expecting rapid feedback may produce negative impact on performance. The results indicated a trend of main effect of anticipated feedback proximity. Specifically, participants performed better when they expected immediate feedback relative to …