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Full-Text Articles in Psychology
The Effects Of Intranasal Orexin-A On Mk-801-Induced Attentional Deficits: Addressing Cognitive Impairment In An Nmda Receptor Hypofunction Model Of Schizophrenia, Eden Blake-Lea Maness
The Effects Of Intranasal Orexin-A On Mk-801-Induced Attentional Deficits: Addressing Cognitive Impairment In An Nmda Receptor Hypofunction Model Of Schizophrenia, Eden Blake-Lea Maness
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating condition wherein those afflicted experience positive symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions, as well as negative symptoms, including alterations of processing affecting cognition and social interactions. The NMDA receptor hypofunction model of SZ asserts that a reduction in hippocampal NMDA receptor input produces the pathology of this disorder, promoting excessive frontocortical excitatory neurotransmission – particularly overstimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons – that ultimately impairs cognitive and sensorimotor processes. Orexin-A (OxA), a neuropeptide principally involved in wakefulness and appetitive behaviors, has been shown to demonstrate cognitive-enhancing qualities in models of psychiatric and neurodegenerative illness. In the …
Effects Of An Essentialism Manipulation On The Neural Processing Of Racial Minorities, Joellen Blass
Effects Of An Essentialism Manipulation On The Neural Processing Of Racial Minorities, Joellen Blass
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Racial minorities are increasingly growing in the United States and the racial category “multiracial” is one of the fastest growing racial minorities. Racial essentialism is the belief that race has an underlying property and is innate and biological. Many people with essentialist beliefs do not normally categorize individuals with a multiracial background as multiracial. The current study assessed how an essentialism manipulation affects the neural processing of minority race targets by White participants. Participants completed a categorization task and passive task looking at ambiguous and monoracial faces while connect to EEG. For the passive task, results revealed gradient by race …
The Effects Of Uncertainty On Cooperation: Using Bayesian Cognition And Entropy To Model Cooperative Heuristics, Amrita Lamba
The Effects Of Uncertainty On Cooperation: Using Bayesian Cognition And Entropy To Model Cooperative Heuristics, Amrita Lamba
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Cooperative heuristics have traditionally been researched through the lens of standard dual-process models of cognition and from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. Despite the popularity of these approaches, research on intuitive versus extensional processing falls short in its endeavor to methodologically quantify heuristic processing and to empirically validate existing theories of social evaluation. Furthermore, several conceptualizations of the term heuristic have been proposed in the social psychology literature, leading to a lack of consensus on how cooperative heuristics function. to address these issues, the current study proposes a novel method for quantifying heuristic cognition. We propose a Bayesian cognition model …
Computational Structure Of Evolved Forgiveness Systems., Thomas G. Mccauley
Computational Structure Of Evolved Forgiveness Systems., Thomas G. Mccauley
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Researchers have recently suggested that humans possess dedicated cognitive systems for forgiveness, which evolved to repair valuable cooperative relationships with transgressors and stave off harmful revenge behaviors. These putative systems are computational in nature, utilizing information pertaining to the relationship value, exploitation risk, and genetic relatedness of a transgressor in determining whether or not to employ forgiveness. While a few studies have provided empirical support for this conjecture, surprisingly little empirical research has been conducted to determine if forgiveness systems actually have such a computational structure. The aim of this thesis was to fill this gap in the literature by …
Distress Tolerance And Emotional Disorder Symptoms Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities, Casey Elizabeth Snyder
Distress Tolerance And Emotional Disorder Symptoms Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities, Casey Elizabeth Snyder
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
There is a wealth of research indicating that members of minority groups (e.g. according to race/ethnicity, religious beliefs, sexual orientation) are at risk of experiencing greater negative psychological outcomes than their majority counterparts. It is important to determine the underpinnings of these negative experiences in order to understand their etiology, as well as to determine the most effective course of treatment. Distress tolerance (DT) has been a focus of recent clinical research as it has been associated with a number of psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and substance misuse. Although it has been found to act as a buffer against …
Understanding Self-Control, Motivation, & Attention In The Context Of Eating Behavior, Lisa Stephanie Goldberg
Understanding Self-Control, Motivation, & Attention In The Context Of Eating Behavior, Lisa Stephanie Goldberg
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Obesity and overweight continue to be a growing problem in the United States and abroad. Maintaining self-control in tempting food environments is necessary in order to avoid weight gain, yet is difficult for many individuals to achieve. In order to understand how self-control resources interact with motivation to affect selective attention to foods, 128 college student participants (42 males) varied in their controlled and autonomous motivation for healthy eating were randomly assigned to either an ego-depletion (n = 61) or control manipulation (n = 67). Implicit selective attention to food stimuli was subsequently assessed using a food flanker task that …
The Effect Of Relational Mobility And Social Attractiveness On Psychological Well-Being, Megan Jessie Buys
The Effect Of Relational Mobility And Social Attractiveness On Psychological Well-Being, Megan Jessie Buys
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Previous research has indicated that in cultures and social environments where individuals are presented with many opportunities to form new relationships (i.e., environments high in relational mobility), individuals tend to form relationships with others like themselves. This tendency can be caused by two different mechanisms: First, the tendency of people to form relationships with similar others may be caused by the similarity-attraction effect, whereby individuals prefer to interact with people like themselves. High relational mobility therefore increases opportunities for individuals to maximize their preference for similar others. However, increased similarity between relationship partners can also be caused by assortment effects, …
Adverse Childhood Experiences And Health Risk Behaviors Among College Students, Morgan Thompson
Adverse Childhood Experiences And Health Risk Behaviors Among College Students, Morgan Thompson
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with social, emotional, and cognitive impairments resulting from disrupted neurodevelopment. These impairments manifest as health risk behaviors (HRBs) including tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, illicit drug use, and sexual risk behaviors. The current study assessed the relation between ACEs and HRBs by examining the cognitive abilities of 144 college students (M = 18.92 years; 56.3% female; 63.9% White; M = .078 ACEs). Participants completed an interview (parental incarceration, Criminogenic Cognitions Scale), surveys (Youth Risk Behavior Survey, ACE Questionnaire), delay discounting task, the Tower of Hanoi, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Results revealed a graded relationship …
Literary Theory Within A Cross-Classified Multilevel Framework: Personality Similarity Between Writers And Readers Predicts Reader Inspiration, William Charles Mcneal Belzak
Literary Theory Within A Cross-Classified Multilevel Framework: Personality Similarity Between Writers And Readers Predicts Reader Inspiration, William Charles Mcneal Belzak
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Literary theorists have pointed to a relationship between writer-reader personality similarity and better outcomes in the reader. Furthermore, there is empirical evidence indicating that personality similarity between two individuals leads to positive outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that personality similarity between writers and readers predicts greater inspiration in the reader. Our results supported this hypothesis. Profile similarity (i.e., similarity of Big Five trait profile) between writers and readers predicted greater reader inspiration. Single-trait similarity (i.e., similarity of single Big Five traits) between writers and readers predicted greater reader inspiration. These findings are noteworthy because we show that the scientific method …