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Articles 1 - 30 of 67
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Abstract Vs. Concrete Mindsets In Moral Injury, Paige J. Hallman
Abstract Vs. Concrete Mindsets In Moral Injury, Paige J. Hallman
Undergraduate Honours Theses
In the present study, we examined whether adopting an abstract versus a concrete mindset would influence maladaptive outcomes of potentially morally injurious events. Through the use of a hypothetical potentially morally injurious situation, researchers investigated two different construal level manipulations to determine if one would lessen the maladaptive outcomes that can result from being involved in such an experience. This study included 116 participants recruited from Amazon’s MTurk. Participants completed a survey in which they were randomly assigned to either the concrete or abstract processing condition and answered a series of questions related to the experience of moral emotions (i.e., …
The Effects Of Peer Connectedness And Popularity In Predicting Adolescent E-Cigarette And Binge Drinking Patterns Across The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kyla N. Lamb
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Despite research in adolescent substance use being a well-established discipline, little is known about the relationships between substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic when related to self-reported popularity and peer connectedness as predictors of this behaviour. This study sought to determine how binge drinking and vaping changed from the beginning of the pandemic (T1) to June 2021 (T2) and to examine how self-reported popularity and peer connectedness were predictors of this behaviour. At T1, there were 937 adolescent participants between 14-18 years of age (Mage = 16.93, SD = .85; 76.7% female, 21% male, and 2.3% other) and at T2, …
Mismatched Music: How Conflicting Musical Information Impacts Emotional Judgements, Matthew W. Tiplady
Mismatched Music: How Conflicting Musical Information Impacts Emotional Judgements, Matthew W. Tiplady
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Previous research has investigated the impact of lyrics compared to melodies in directing emotional perceptions of music by presenting listeners with incongruent songs in which the lyrics portray one emotion and the instrumental music portrays another. This earlier research has shown that the music is more salient in directing emotion compared to lyrics. The current study revaluated these findings and investigated how listening to incongruent songs would impact subsequent emotional judgements of neutral faces. Pretest mood and musical sophistication were also measured as covariates. Participants were placed into one of four conditions where they listened to either emotionally congruent happy …
Are Conspiracy Beliefs Induced By Thinking Disposition And Economic Uncertainty?, Sean E. Yilmaz
Are Conspiracy Beliefs Induced By Thinking Disposition And Economic Uncertainty?, Sean E. Yilmaz
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Belief in conspiracy theories since 2020 resulted in widespread protests towards governments attempting to mitigate the pandemic. In times of uncertainty, it is not uncommon for conspiracy beliefs to rise in popularity. However, not everyone who finds themselves in a state of uncertainty about the future holds conspiracy beliefs. Higher analytical thinking skills and lower intuitive thinking skills have been correlated with lower acceptance of conspiracy beliefs. In an era of uncertainty, factors such as analytical thinking may provide the ability to discern conspiracy beliefs from reality. Hence, in this study, feelings of uncertainty and thinking disposition (analytical vs. intuitive) …
Mindsets For Goal Attainment And Experiences Of Unethical Transgressions, Hallie Wiltzer
Mindsets For Goal Attainment And Experiences Of Unethical Transgressions, Hallie Wiltzer
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Moral injury, the emotional, psychological, behavioural, spiritual, and social harm induced by participating in, failing to prevent, or witnessing acts that transgress one’s moral beliefs and expectations is commonly studied in the context of military veterans and health care providers. Previous research has found that framing traumatic experiences with a concrete mindset reduces the associated harm than when framed with an abstract mindset. The current study therefore examined the concept of moral injury in an everyday context with the implementation of these mindsets. Using Amazon MTurk, 84 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to an abstract mindset or concrete mindset. …
Exploring Parent And Peer Support As A Predictor Of Adolescent Adjustment During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madeleine M. Macdonald
Exploring Parent And Peer Support As A Predictor Of Adolescent Adjustment During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madeleine M. Macdonald
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Research has demonstrated that adolescents’ social relationships have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (Ayers et al., 2021). Considering adolescence is characterized by a need for peer belonging and autonomy from parents, isolation from peers has been particularly challenging (Magson et al., 2021). Prior literature has noted the ability of parent connectedness to promote resiliency and instill self-care practices (Bender & Ingram, 2018), and for peers to provide additional necessary support and feelings of belongingness (Brown & Larson, 2009). Information on whether the same outcomes can result during the pandemic remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to …
The Impacts Of Researcher Attire On Participant Performance In Psychological Experiments, Jesse S. Basi
The Impacts Of Researcher Attire On Participant Performance In Psychological Experiments, Jesse S. Basi
Undergraduate Honours Theses
While authority has been extensively studied by psychological researchers, there is a clear gap in the literature examining how authority works within research itself. Specifically, the current study examines how the attire of researchers affects participants’ obedience to their directives and participant perceptions of the researcher. The final sample of participants in the current study included 49 people, ages 17-54 years. Participants were shown a video of a researcher explaining the current study, with the researcher wearing either casual clothing, formal wear, or a white lab coat uniform. The researcher asked participants to give maximum effort on a series of …
The Influence Of Environmental Sounds On Cognition And Mood, Huda Ahmed
The Influence Of Environmental Sounds On Cognition And Mood, Huda Ahmed
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Exposure to nature has evidently been shown to benefit affective states and improve cognitive performance. Due to the predominant focus on the influence of immersive environments on restoration in prior research, the current study aimed to examine the extent to which nature-related benefits are linked to perceptual richness. The study consisted of 204 participants, recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were randomly assigned to listen to either unaltered nature sounds, unaltered urban sounds, degraded nature sounds, or degraded urban sounds. Participants completed the Auditory N-Back task, self-reported fatigue levels, and provided mood ratings prior to and after listening to the …
The Cross-Modal Relationship Between Language And Mathematics: A Bi-Directional Training Paradigm, Urvi Maheshwari
The Cross-Modal Relationship Between Language And Mathematics: A Bi-Directional Training Paradigm, Urvi Maheshwari
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The cross-modal relationship between language and mathematics is extensively debated (see for review, Peng et al., 2020). The present research examined the nature of this cross-modal relationship across three experiments. Experiment 1 examined whether training participants in linguistic problem-solving facilitates performance in mathematical problems. Participants were 156 adults recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to one of three linguistic training conditions (i.e., linguistic reasoning, structural priming, or no-training) and tested on mathematical problems. No significant difference in mathematical performance was found across training conditions [F(2, 153) = 1.69, p = .18]. Experiment 2 examined whether training participants to …
To Sing Or To Speak: Closeness Between Mother-Infant Dyads In Different Contexts, Aislinn M. Connor
To Sing Or To Speak: Closeness Between Mother-Infant Dyads In Different Contexts, Aislinn M. Connor
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Past research has demonstrated the influence of a mother on her child’s development. This research has highlighted the importance of closeness in relationships and the abundance of positive outcomes that result from high closeness in early relations, long after infancy. This study used recordings from a previous study on mother-infant dyads to examine observable behaviours indicating closeness in infant-mother dyads, during speech and song episodes. It was hypothesized that the dyads total closeness would be higher in the song condition than the speech condition, which was validated by the results. Further analysis showed a difference in closeness scores within the …
Interactions Between Brief Virtual Exposure To Natural Environments And Psychological Well-Being, Giuliana Gn Brancato
Interactions Between Brief Virtual Exposure To Natural Environments And Psychological Well-Being, Giuliana Gn Brancato
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Interactions with nature have been associated with improved emotional well-being and attentional functioning. Nature, however, is a broad category, encompassing several ecosystems that are perceptually distinctive (e.g., forests versus countryside fields), making it unclear whether all nature environments improve well-being to similar degrees. Therefore, the current experiment assessed how viewing a brief video of different natural environments, compared to viewing a video of an urban environment, influenced subjective ratings of restoration and psychological well-being. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three video conditions, which depicted a simulated walk through a forest, a countryside field, or an urban city. Immediately …
Values Affirmation In The Treatment Of Moral Injury: A Pilot Study, Eve G. Chapnik
Values Affirmation In The Treatment Of Moral Injury: A Pilot Study, Eve G. Chapnik
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Mainly studied in the context of military veterans, “moral injury” refers to extreme guilt and shame experienced as a result of perpetrating, bearing witness to, or failing to prevent events that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations. The current pilot study aimed to examine the potential use of a brief values affirmation intervention in the treatment of moral injury associated with everyday moral transgressions. This study included 90 participants recruited from Amazon’s MTurk. Participants completed a survey in which they were assigned to complete either a values affirmation or control task, recall a moral transgression, and reflect on the …
Do Social Media Usage And The Endorsement Of Collective Values Predict Loneliness?, Caoyu Cy Pan
Do Social Media Usage And The Endorsement Of Collective Values Predict Loneliness?, Caoyu Cy Pan
Undergraduate Honours Theses
It has been suggested that an individual’s loneliness is associated with uses of social media as well as with different cultural beliefs (i.e., individualism and collectivism). However, there is little evidence about whether the time spent on social media (e.g., WeChat, Weibo, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat) and collectivism can predict loneliness in a country that embraces multi-cultures (i.e., Canada). The current study was designed to analyze the relationships between loneliness social media usage (average time spent on social media in a day) as well as the endorsement of collective values. It was expected that the higher endorsement of collective values will …
Social Media As A Predictor Of Depression Rates Among Male Versus Female Adolescents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kaylee A. Fishback
Social Media As A Predictor Of Depression Rates Among Male Versus Female Adolescents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kaylee A. Fishback
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Technology use has drastically and progressively increased as the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to unfold. Adolescents are now reliant on technology for their education, in addition to communication with friends and family (Pfefferbaum & North, 2020). With the recency of the pandemic, research on the effects of increased internet and social media use for adolescent mental health is decidedly underdeveloped. This study aimed to fill the research gap by examining how the frequency of male and female adolescents’ social media use is associated with depression rates during the pandemic by using a longitudinal design. Participants for this study included 351 …
Defining Mother-Infant Synchrony In A Speech And Song Context, Roisin A. Delaney
Defining Mother-Infant Synchrony In A Speech And Song Context, Roisin A. Delaney
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The objective of this study was to examine the behaviours observed within mother-infant dyads during speech and song play. Previous research has suggested that caregivers convey emotional meaning through vocalizations and emanate behaviours that synchronize interactions with their infants (Dissanayake, 2000; Reyna & Pickler, 2009). Research has also suggested that infants prefer infant-directed singing over speaking and that song can be used to regulate infants’ states of arousal (Nakata & Trehub, 2004). The current study was designed to extend the literature on mother-infant interactions by having mothers play with their infants while singing or speaking to them. The speech context …
Examining The Role Of Diverted Attention On Musical Motion Aftereffects, Hannah D. Cormier
Examining The Role Of Diverted Attention On Musical Motion Aftereffects, Hannah D. Cormier
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Previous studies have observed visual motion aftereffects (MAE) following prolonged exposure to both auditory and visual stimuli. As the importance of attention for MAE perception has been debated, the present study manipulated the level of attention directed to an auditory stimulus depicting motion and assessed how attention influenced MAE strength. It was hypothesized that MAE strength would be dependent on attention to the motion stimuli. 100 participants were recruited and randomly divided into either a Diverted-Attention Condition or Control Condition. Each participant completed preliminary assessments to ensure adequate auditory calibration and familiarity with the random dot kinematogram (RDK) visual motion …
Evaluating Success In Addictions Treatment, Cole G. Granger
Evaluating Success In Addictions Treatment, Cole G. Granger
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Treatment for substance use disorders is an important service for thousands of Canadians each year and is an integral part of the healthcare system. Despite its role in the healthcare system, the literature is yet to determine a definitive definition of success for addictions treatment. The disease model of addiction as well as the harm reduction model are two prevalent models with differing philosophies. In addition, the recovery maintenance model and acute care models each provide evidence differing practices. The present study involved interviews with clients that had completed an abstinence focused residential treatment programme in order to get firsthand …
The Relationship Between Extracurricular Activities And The Well-Being Of Undergraduate Students, Angelica C. Galluzzo
The Relationship Between Extracurricular Activities And The Well-Being Of Undergraduate Students, Angelica C. Galluzzo
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Extracurricular involvement is a large part of the undergraduate student experience. Mental health can be affected when students are both mandated and encouraged to meet certain requirements, whether they are for an academic program or for experience and well-being. The current study was designed to analyze the relationship between extracurricular participation and well-being. The sample included 70 undergraduate students from the University of Western Ontario. Several hypotheses were proposed based on the type of extracurricular activity and well-being measure. The findings supported two out of the five hypotheses advanced, but also produced several other noteworthy findings. The most significant variable …
There Is More To Snapchat Than Snapping: Examining Active And Passive Snapchat Use As Predictors Of Anxiety In Adolescents, Nicole A. Orlan
There Is More To Snapchat Than Snapping: Examining Active And Passive Snapchat Use As Predictors Of Anxiety In Adolescents, Nicole A. Orlan
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Social media’s adoption in society continues to increase, and past research has found significant relationships between social media use and anxiety in young adolescents. The current research focused solely on Snapchat, as it is currently one of the most popular platforms among adolescents; however, it is also one of the least researched. This research aimed to explore Active and Passive Snapchat Use as predictors of anxiety in adolescents over time. This study focused on what people are actually doing while using Snapchat rather than the amount of use. Adolescents (N = 105, 21.2% male and 78.8% female) from High Schools …
Depth Perception In Virtual Peripersonal Space: An Investigation Of Motion Parallax On Perception- Vs Action-Estimations, Hongyao Zhu
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The goal of the current experiment was to investigate whether the addition of Motion Parallax will allow participants to make more accurate distance estimations, in both the real and virtual worlds, as well as to determine whether perception- and action-estimations were affected similarly. Due to rising number of COVID-19 cases in 2020, all in-person testing needed to cease with only one participant being tested with the full set of conditions in the final experimental configuration and one participant having been completed the motion parallax conditions only. As a result, the two participants were combined and only the motion parallax conditions …
Does Watching Other People Play Video Games Promote Aggression, Kimberly M. Clarke
Does Watching Other People Play Video Games Promote Aggression, Kimberly M. Clarke
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Previous studies have shown that playing violent video games can cause an increase in aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and physiological arousal towards aggression. Streaming of violent video games has become a trend among video gamers and the effects of watching violent video game streams may be similar to actually playing violent video games. However, there is very little research on the effects of video game streaming. The current study tests the effects of streaming of video games on levels of aggression. Participants were randomly assigned to watch 5 minutes of either of two video game streaming. They were asked to …
Narcissism And Attachment Anxiety Predicting The Impact Of Hiding Instagram “Likes” In Canada, Madeleine T. Visca
Narcissism And Attachment Anxiety Predicting The Impact Of Hiding Instagram “Likes” In Canada, Madeleine T. Visca
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The social networking site, Instagram, made the decision to hide publicly viewable “likes” from users in Canada in the Spring of 2019. The current study was designed to examine whether levels of trait narcissism and peer attachment anxiety in adolescence predict satisfaction with the decision to hide publicly viewable likes on Instagram and authenticity in Instagram use since the implementation of this decision. Participants (21.7% male, 78.3% female, M = 1.78, SD = .41) first completed The Narcissistic Personality Inventory for Children, then The Peers Attachment Scale, followed by scales I created to measure satisfaction with, authenticity of, and use …
“Send Me Your Location”: Examining Cyber Dating Abuse Victimization And Self-Esteem In Adolescents, Grace K. Millett
“Send Me Your Location”: Examining Cyber Dating Abuse Victimization And Self-Esteem In Adolescents, Grace K. Millett
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Although research on the impact cyber dating abuse (CDA) has on individuals’ psychological well-being is beginning to grow, little is known about its relation to self-esteem. This study examined the bidirectional relationship of CDA victimization and self-esteem in adolescents using a longitudinal design. Participants were 28 adolescents (71% female, 25% male, 4% transgender) ranging in age from 14 to 18 years (M = 15.89, SD = 1.29) who had been in a romantic relationship for at least one month. Participants completed self-report assessments of CDA victimization and self-esteem 3 months apart. It was hypothesized that a reciprocal relationship would emerge …
Parental Marital Status And Perceived Parental Marital Stability As Predictors Of Avoidant Attachment Style In Young Adult Romantic Relationships, Eden G. C. Jacobson
Parental Marital Status And Perceived Parental Marital Stability As Predictors Of Avoidant Attachment Style In Young Adult Romantic Relationships, Eden G. C. Jacobson
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether parental marital status and perceived marital stability were predictors of avoidant attachment in young adult romantic relationships. It was hypothesized that young adults from intact stable marriages will have the least avoidant attachment style (securely attached), while young adults of intact unstable marriages will have the most avoidant attachment style. It was also hypothesized that the young adult children of divorce will have variable avoidance levels. There were 238 participants in the present study (18-30 years old). Participants completed a Qualtrics survey which included a demographic measure and a revised …
Conformity And Persuasion: The Moderating Roles Of Interpersonal Closeness And Interaction Partner Sex, Christianne Morrison
Conformity And Persuasion: The Moderating Roles Of Interpersonal Closeness And Interaction Partner Sex, Christianne Morrison
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Research suggests that males are more persuasive than females (Carli, 1989; Cross, Brown, Morgan, & Laland, 2016). Additionally, research supports that interpersonal closeness facilitates persuasiveness (Thomas & Weigert, 1971). This experiment examines the effect of both persuader’s sex and feelings of closeness on persuasiveness. Participants interacted with a confederate through an online chatroom and completed a modified version of the Relationship Closeness Induction Task (Aron, Melinat, Aron, Vallone, & Bator, 1997). After rating perceptions of closeness with the confederate, participants entered a group chat with two more confederates in addition to the interaction partner in which they discussed a mandatory …
Who's To Blame? How Attributions Of Blame Impact Perceptions Of Effective Leaders, Emily M. Wildeboer
Who's To Blame? How Attributions Of Blame Impact Perceptions Of Effective Leaders, Emily M. Wildeboer
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The objective of this study was to examine third-party observers’ perceptions of a coach and the leadership qualities that he exhibited when he engaged in different attributions of blame in a high-stakes scenario. When a leader blames himself for a negative outcome, there may be a link to transformational leadership such that the leader is actively caring about the well-being of his followers and putting them first. In contrast, when a leader blames one of his followers for a negative outcome, there may be a link to transactional leadership such that he is putting responsibility on a follower and dealing …
A Nature Walk A Day, Keeps Unhappiness Away: Restorative Campus Environments And Student Well-Being, Justine Albert
A Nature Walk A Day, Keeps Unhappiness Away: Restorative Campus Environments And Student Well-Being, Justine Albert
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The increasing world population is leading to rapid and extensive urbanization. This over-stimulating built environment may be causing an increased rate of stress-related illnesses amongst urban populations. Similarly, to large cities, university campuses are also often centralized built environments brimming with activity and distraction, centered around student life, academic pursuits and communal events, resulting in a barrage of stimulation and distraction Generally, university students spend the majority of their time immersed in these overstimulating campuses, engaging in activities that require sustained attention, which, similar to urban spaces, may cause mental and attentional fatigue leading to reduced well-being. Green spaces are …
"Challenge Accepted": Exploring Predictors Of Risky Online Behaviour In Emerging Adults, Shannon Ward
"Challenge Accepted": Exploring Predictors Of Risky Online Behaviour In Emerging Adults, Shannon Ward
Undergraduate Honours Theses
The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of emerging adults’ engagement in risky online challenges. Social-related constructs including need to belong (NB), need for popularity (NP) and perceived peer engagement (PPE) in risky online challenges were the main predictor variables of interest. Further, because past research identifies fear of missing out (FoMO) as a key explanatory variable in the link between social motives and online behaviour, I examined it as a mediator in my analyses. In the present study, emerging adults (N = 332; 56.33% women) aged 18 to 26 years (Mage = 21.36) completed an online …
Influences On Early Creativity: Examining The Role Of Affect, Movement And Autonomy During Play On Divergent Thinking Skills Of Preschool Children, Taylor S. Boyd
Undergraduate Honours Theses
Play provides children an opportunity to practice cognitive and affective processes which are important in creativity. Studies have found that during play, children who display positive emotions, are physically active and play by themselves tend to demonstrate higher creativity. In the present study, the researcher observed fifteen preschool children to record their independence, affect and physical movement during free play. In addition, one adult from each classroom rated of each child’s general affect. Next, participants completed two versions of an Alternate Uses Task assessing divergent thinking skills: one standard version in which participants verbally indicated multiple uses for an object …
A Safe Place For Morally Corrupt Judgements: The Effect Of Trust On Moral Decision Making, Robin C. Doyle
A Safe Place For Morally Corrupt Judgements: The Effect Of Trust On Moral Decision Making, Robin C. Doyle
Undergraduate Honours Theses
While there is an increasing body of work on social perceptions of people who make moral decisions, there is limited work on how feelings of trust affect moral dilemma judgements. This exploratory study sought to examine how hypothetical third-party observers affect moral dilemma judgments and perceptions of forgiveness, punishment, and personality traits. A total of 335 participants read a variation of the “car crash” dilemma (Conway et al., 2013), either alone or in the hypothetical presence of a stranger or trusted friend. Individuals were asked to give ratings on various dimension scales from either their own perspective, or from the …