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Articles 1 - 30 of 192
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Multidisciplinary Literary Review: The Relationship Between Social Media And Empathy, Mayra E. Salgado
Multidisciplinary Literary Review: The Relationship Between Social Media And Empathy, Mayra E. Salgado
Honors Theses
This literary review examines the different psychological perspectives on the relationship between social media usage and empathy. Specifically, it discusses the association by expanding on the fields of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, clinical psychology, and some evolutionary psychology. I define empathy and discuss its developmental journey, its cognitive functions, its neurobiological processes, its possible damage caused by social media usage, and its effects on physical and mental health. Lastly, I argue that research focusing on high levels of social media usage and its relationship with levels of empathy should focus on creating an elaborate longitudinal study to gain more information on …
Assessing Mindfulness As A Moderator Between Trait Worry And Working Memory Capacity Performance In Undergraduates, William Farmer
Assessing Mindfulness As A Moderator Between Trait Worry And Working Memory Capacity Performance In Undergraduates, William Farmer
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Mindfulness and worry have some antithetical qualities, yet mixed or non-significant findings suggest that practicing mindfulness alone will not disrupt worry. Working memory capacity (WMC) has been implicated in the relationship between worry and mindfulness, with some research showing that the combined practice of mindfulness and WMC test exercises had the greatest impact on reducing worry. The present study sought to test the relationship between worry, trait mindfulness, behavioral mindfulness as assessed by a Mindfulness Activities Questionnaire (MAQ) created by the researcher, and both the verbal and visuospatial domains of WMC. Worry was shown to be negatively associated with mindfulness. …
The Impact Of Interdepartmental Psychological Safety On Interdepartmental Conflict Management Styles, Ryan Limpus
The Impact Of Interdepartmental Psychological Safety On Interdepartmental Conflict Management Styles, Ryan Limpus
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Conflict is an inevitable part of life, and organizations spend a sizable amount of time addressing it. Literature has shown a connection between conflict management styles and psychological safety, but little research has been afforded to these interactions applied across departments. Data were collected from various companies across the United States using an anonymous survey to quantify respondents’ perceived level of general psychological safety, interdepartmental psychological safety, and preferred styles of conflict management. The results of this study indicated that a significant difference between interdepartmental and general psychological safety exists and is positively correlated with each other. Furthermore, certain styles …
Emotion Recogniton In Students With Social Anxiety: Loving-Kindness As An Intervention, Audrey Darnbush
Emotion Recogniton In Students With Social Anxiety: Loving-Kindness As An Intervention, Audrey Darnbush
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Deficits in emotion recognition can often be found in individuals who have elevated social anxiety—decreasing positive social interaction and increasing social avoidance. Some possible causes for these deficits include: (1) negative interpretation biases for ambiguous social stimuli and (2) negatively biased self-focused and others-focused attention in social situations— which can impede an accurate appraisal of how one is being evaluated. Mindfulness-based interventions target attentional awareness, and some have empirical support for treating anxiety-related issues. However, little research has been conducted to determine the possible therapeutic effects of loving-kindness meditation for social anxiety disorder. Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) is a specific subtype …
Suspicious Or Autistic? Evaluating Responses To A Behavioral Analysis Interview, Kendall Jackson
Suspicious Or Autistic? Evaluating Responses To A Behavioral Analysis Interview, Kendall Jackson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The Behavioral Analysis Interview (BAI) of the Reid Interrogation technique (Inbau, et al., 2013) consists of 15 questions to identify deception or truthfulness. Research indicates these cues are unreliable and trained officers are no better than chance at detecting deception (Kassin, Meissner & Norwick, 2005; Meissner & Kassin, 2002). This study aimed to examine how innocent autistic individuals’ response to the BAI in a mock arson case were perceived. College psychology students (n=218) rated the truthfulness/deceptiveness reading one of the two responses, with half informed of the diagnosis. Overall, the responses were rated as more deceptive when the suspect was …
From Students To Citizens: The Impacts Of An Intergenerational Experiential Learning Program On Undergraduate Student Development, Morgan Robinson
From Students To Citizens: The Impacts Of An Intergenerational Experiential Learning Program On Undergraduate Student Development, Morgan Robinson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Undergraduate education can strengthen its focus on developing ethical and social literacy in students through incorporating service programs based in experiential learning. Prior research demonstrates experiential learning augments students’ learning outcomes, perceived meaning of education, and social competencies. Experiential learning incorporating intergenerational communication promotes understanding of aging, value placed on service, and sheds light on unforeseen skills and goals for students. This study evaluated the impacts of an intergenerational experiential learning program on character social, and educational development outcomes in students. Further, the study explored the benefits of such programs for older adults. Ultimately, the program developed students’ character relevant …
A Study Of Burnout In Certified Public Accountants In The Southeast Region Of The United States, Jamie Connors
A Study Of Burnout In Certified Public Accountants In The Southeast Region Of The United States, Jamie Connors
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine if there are relationships between years of employment, age, size of organization, work environment, salary level, engagement, gender, and burnout levels in certified public accountants in the southeast United States. Two survey instruments were used to administer the questions to participants including Maslach’s Burnout Inventory- General Study (MBI – GS) and Moos’ Work Environment Scale (WES). The MBI – GS measures respondents’ relationships with their work on a scale from engagement to burnout and the WES measures the stressful effects of the work environment on personal functioning and family social resources. The …
Perceptions Of Stress: A Gendered Comparison Of Undergraduates In Stem, Molly Martin
Perceptions Of Stress: A Gendered Comparison Of Undergraduates In Stem, Molly Martin
Honors Theses
Students enrolled in undergraduate universities face numerous stressors every day. Outside of stress from their academic studies (i.e., homework, studying for exams, writing papers), they also encounter daily life stressors relating to self-sufficiency, career choices, families, housing, and many other areas. While every student deals with stress coming from multiple areas of their life, women tend to place more stress on themselves than men due to social pressure to perform well and the feeling of societal expectation to have a high stress load from which to derive personal value. Within the field of Science, Technology and Math (STEM), —a field …
Neurotypes: Do Ocd, Adhd, And Autism Play A Role In Life Satisfaction?, Morgan Mcleod Evans
Neurotypes: Do Ocd, Adhd, And Autism Play A Role In Life Satisfaction?, Morgan Mcleod Evans
Honors Theses
OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) are neurotypes that impact every aspect of life, including daily activities and socialization, which is why they have been shown in prior studies to negatively impact life satisfaction. This study compared the levels of life satisfaction now and before the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults (n = 324) with typical neurotypes, those with only ASD (autism), with only OCD, with only ADHD, with two of the neurotypes, and with all three neurotypes. Contrary to predictions from prior research, life satisfaction did not decrease after the onset …
Study Of Collective Self-Esteem And Academic Motivation Examining Perceptions Of Academic Statistics Of Black Traditional Undergraduate Students Attending A Pwi, Ariyah Robinson
Honors Theses
College enrollment for black traditional college-age students has been on the rise. Matriculation experienced a seven percent increase from 2000 to 2018 (NCES, 2020). However, Cokley et al. (2013) found that black students exhibit the highest minority stress among college students. Researchers also found that students may feel pressured to break stereotypes and perform well academically (Smith & Hope, 2020; Brooms, 2019; Mary et al., 2018). As more black students enroll in colleges nationwide, there is more than reasonable cause to continue examining how the matriculation of black students into predominantly white institutions impacts black students and their perceptions of …
Sexual Harassment In An Overlooked Occupation: Experiences Of Cna And The Influence Of Nurses, Audrey Pennington
Sexual Harassment In An Overlooked Occupation: Experiences Of Cna And The Influence Of Nurses, Audrey Pennington
Honors Theses
The prevalence of sexual harassment (SH) in health care facilities has been documented in previous research, but few studies have focused on Certified Nursing assistants (CNA; Burgess et al., 2018; Dean, 2020; Deery et al., 2011; Hibino et al., 2006). The purpose of this study is to explore SH that CNA experience from their patients and what influence supervising nurses may have in impacting the negative outcomes of SH. Participants (N = 95) were recruited to take an online survey through social media and snowball recruiting. The hypotheses of this study were not supported by the data, but results may …
Who We Are In The World: An Investigation Into Psychology And Worldview, Zachary Swanson
Who We Are In The World: An Investigation Into Psychology And Worldview, Zachary Swanson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
At the heart of Psychology is the search for understanding — understanding ourselves, understanding others, and understanding our places in the world. At one point or another a person comes to ask themselves fundamental questions about human life, like “Who am I?”, “Why am I here?” and “What will happen to me?” Although these questions are not usually asked out loud, these attempts to make meaning of our lives serve as a reference for our worldviews. In part 1, I take a theory-driven approach to address the questions “What is a worldview?”, and “How is worldview studied psychologically?” In part …
Total Rewards Or Totally Not What The People Want? Examining The Preferred Total Rewards Of Those At Home Vs. In The Workplace, Luke Ronchetti
Total Rewards Or Totally Not What The People Want? Examining The Preferred Total Rewards Of Those At Home Vs. In The Workplace, Luke Ronchetti
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
With the rapid change to remote work, the present study explored whether differing life circumstances (e.g., an at-home parent vs. an older male) changed reward preferences. The present study adds to the scarce total reward preference research by examining the moderating effect age, gender, and parental status have on the relationship between physical work location and total reward preference. Results indicated age to be a moderator of the relationship between work location and reward preference (benefits, work-life effectiveness, performance management, talent development), but gender and parental status were not significant moderators. Exploratory analyses were performed and found correlations between work …
Being Present For The Future: Exploring Mindfulness And Prospective Memory, Chris Nuño
Being Present For The Future: Exploring Mindfulness And Prospective Memory, Chris Nuño
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Although mindfulness research has become a trending topic in cognitive science, there is a gap in the literature that fails to explore the relationship between mindfulness and prospective memory (i.e., the ability to remember to execute a future intention). To explore this relationship, students in either a mindfulness condition or vocabulary control condition were asked to complete 10 self-concordant academic tasks (both time-based and nontime-based) over the course of five days. The percentage of academic tasks completed was calculated to measure prospective memory completion. Prospective memory performance was compared between groups and between task type. Trait mindfulness was also measured …
Does Cognitive Control Affect Successful "Sandbagging" Of Concussion Symptoms?, Melissa Materia
Does Cognitive Control Affect Successful "Sandbagging" Of Concussion Symptoms?, Melissa Materia
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The value of concussion baseline assessments is dependent upon athletes giving their best effort. If an athlete fakes poor performance or “sandbags”, a future injury may go undetected. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the SportGait concussion baseline assessment detects differences between participants instructed to sandbag and those who are not. Furthermore, I examined whether participants’ cognitive control is related to their ability to fake poor performance on SportGait. Forty-four participants completed two cognitive control tasks, were randomly assigned to “sandbag” or do their best and completed the SportGait baseline concussion assessment. Results revealed that “sandbagging” …
When Helping Hurts: Understanding Resource Recovery In Nonprofit Workplaces, Anna Laura Waldron
When Helping Hurts: Understanding Resource Recovery In Nonprofit Workplaces, Anna Laura Waldron
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The present study examined the relationship between recovery experiences and strain within the nonprofit context, and identified the role that work calling, boundary permeability, and relaxation remorse had on recovery and the relationship between recovery and strain. Participants (n = 124 nonprofit workers and volunteers) completed a web-based survey that included questions related to their work-nonwork roles, personal recovery activities, and dimensions of strain. Regression-based analyses indicated effects of recovery on some strain outcomes and the effects of calling, boundary permeability, and relaxation remorse on recovery. Psychological detachment was most frequently related to strain in these models. Results failed to …
Experiences Of Employees With Chronic Health Conditions During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Stephanie Penpek
Experiences Of Employees With Chronic Health Conditions During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Stephanie Penpek
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Although workers with chronic health conditions have received little attention in past Industrial-Organizational Psychology research, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought new concerns for the workplace safety of these employees. I applied the JD-R model to a sample of 143 workers with chronic conditions, looking at how prevalent demands and resources impacted levels of burnout and emotional well-being. Quantitative analyses supported that job demands (i.e., devaluation and job insecurity) were generally related to negative health outcomes, while job resources (i.e., support and flexibility) were related to better health outcomes. Results also indicated that the impact of demands and resources on health …
The Adaptation And Innovation Model Of Organizational Resilience, Daniel Desa
The Adaptation And Innovation Model Of Organizational Resilience, Daniel Desa
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The present study was designed to broaden the way researchers and practitioners of the organizational sciences conceptualize, measure, and ultimately work to improve the adaptability, innovativeness, and resilience of organizations. This involved identifying how to measure and delineate the relationships between the interlinked multilevel psychosocial constructs of organizational adaptability, innovativeness, and resilience and the individual and organizational level resources of personal resources, human capital, social capital, and job-related resources as components to a conceptual model of organizational effectiveness coined The Adaptation and Innovation Model of Organizational Resilience, or AIR model. A survey was developed and administered to operationalize worker perceptions …
Situational And Individual Factors Of Reactive Cognitive Control: Examining Feedback And Motivation, Robert Robbins
Situational And Individual Factors Of Reactive Cognitive Control: Examining Feedback And Motivation, Robert Robbins
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
This study examined the influences of individuals’ cognitive intrinsic motivation and the presence or absence of feedback on a cognitive task that encouraged reactive cognitive control. I hypothesized that the presence of feedback would facilitate faster responses. I also hypothesized that cognitive intrinsic motivation, one’s disposition towards exerting cognitive effort, would be related to reactive cognitive control in reward situations. Sixty-six individuals completed the Need for Cognition questionnaire (Cacioppo & Petty, 1984) to measure cognitive intrinsic motivation and were randomly assigned to either a rewarded feedback or informative feedback Stroop task. My findings support my first hypothesis indicating a role …
Belongingness Needs, Personality, And The Influence Of Virtual Socialization, Katrina Johnson
Belongingness Needs, Personality, And The Influence Of Virtual Socialization, Katrina Johnson
Honors Theses
Social belongingness is a part of everyday life. The purpose of this study was to learn more about how personality and the use of virtual socialization interact with feelings of belongingness and subjective well-being. The findings of this study indicate that belongingness and well-being are significantly and positively correlated with extraversion. We also found that belongingness and social media used for maintaining friendships were significantly correlated. Further, in a regression analysis, extraversion consistently and significantly positively predicted perceived belongingness. These findings suggest that personality and modality of socializing interact with perceived belongingness.
Media Sexualization And Its Impact On College Aged Women, Madelyn Moncrief
Media Sexualization And Its Impact On College Aged Women, Madelyn Moncrief
Honors Theses
Social and traditional media are often studied in relation to women’s perceptions of sex. However, they are often studied separately instead of together, missing the overall connection of media on attitudes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between media consumption, specifically social media and television, and college-aged women's levels of internalized sexualization. The findings of this study found a significant positive correlation between time spent consuming romanced-based reality television and romantic comedies and higher levels of internalized sexualization in college-aged women. This study also found there to be a significant positive correlation between college women’s usage …
Reimaging Take-Up In Challenging Times: Determining The Predictive Value Of Publicly Available Socio-Demographic Data For Social Assistance Programs, Margaret Dempsey
Reimaging Take-Up In Challenging Times: Determining The Predictive Value Of Publicly Available Socio-Demographic Data For Social Assistance Programs, Margaret Dempsey
Honors Theses
Social assistance programs throughout the nation have experienced major obstacles to both funding and service provision related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study examines one strategy that a local Chattanooga nonprofit organization, Chattanooga Endeavors, explored to increase the rate of participation in a 21-day online program that assists justice involved individuals to address goals related to employment, education, and public assistance. The organization has access to judgment orders from Hamilton County (TN) Criminal Court and has used this information to identify individuals who have been sentenced to serve a prison term and who are eligible for an outreach program …
Do Age And Media Type Influence The Effects Of Pretrial Publicity On Verdicts?, Akera Williams
Do Age And Media Type Influence The Effects Of Pretrial Publicity On Verdicts?, Akera Williams
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Concerns about Pretrial Publicity (PTP) have grown with the rise of the internet and social media, leading to a near impossibility of selecting a jury that can ignore PTP and focus only on facts presented at trial. Previous research has shown participants exposed to negative PTP were more likely to find the defendant guilty, and tended to misattribute PTP as having been evidence presented during the trial. This study compared jury verdicts among older and younger jurors when PTP was presented in different media formats (text vs video). Results suggest both older and younger jurors tend to misattribute PTP information …
When The Goal Is To Be Less Stressed: A Naturalistic Investigation Of Academic And Self-Care Goal Completion, Stephanie Wells
When The Goal Is To Be Less Stressed: A Naturalistic Investigation Of Academic And Self-Care Goal Completion, Stephanie Wells
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The demands of college are synonymous with stress for many students, with stress generally being related to academic success and posing a challenge for academic goals and self-care behaviors. Individual difference factors such as resilience and need for cognition may impact this stress experience as well as academic and self-care behaviors. Prior to the current study, self-care had yet to be studied in the same context as academic goal completion. The results of the present research revealed that students were significantly better at completing academic goals versus self-care goals and that self-care goal completion predicted completion of academic goals. Further, …
The Combined Influences Of Race, Sexuality, And Gender On Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Courtney House
The Combined Influences Of Race, Sexuality, And Gender On Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Courtney House
Honors Theses
The current research examines the perceptions of sexual harassment based on the influence of the victim’s gender, and the race of both the victim and the perpetrator, and perceiver’s feminist beliefs. By using vignettes (a brief description of an event), we manipulated a) the gender of the victim (man or woman), b) the race of the victim (POC or white), and c) the race of the perpetrator (POC or white). Our hypotheses were as follows: a) vignettes depicting same-sex harassment will be less in line with the definition of sexual harassment; b) vignettes portraying the victim as a woman of …
Effects Of Gender And Sexual Orientation On Perceptions Of The Bereaved, John Dickinson
Effects Of Gender And Sexual Orientation On Perceptions Of The Bereaved, John Dickinson
Honors Theses
The loss of a spouse is different for everyone who experiences it. There is no universal pattern for bereavement, and there is a wide variation in what is considered normal or healthy grieving (Hooyman & Kramer, 2010). Researchers have found that spousal bereavement is associated with increased risk of mortality, decrements in physical health, and diverse psychological reactions; some experience ongoing, disabling levels of stress, some experience symptoms that gradually decrease over time, and many experience little to no interference (Bonanno et al. 2004; Stroebe et al., 2007). The loss of a spouse or romantic partner affects most individuals at …
“A Penny For Your Thoughts:” Developing An Adapted Stimulus Reward Association – Stroop Task To Assess The Impact Of Individual Difference Factors On Cognitive Control, Mia Melone
Honors Theses
Limited studies have examined the effect of feedback sensitivity and intrinsic motivation on cognitive performance. The present study serves as a pilot project for a study at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga that examines the modulating role of external, monetary reward incentives and cognitive intrinsic motivation on cognitive control. For the present study, the relationship among cognitive performance outcomes (reaction time and accuracy) on an adapted Stimulus Reward Association Stroop Task will be explored. Two main hypotheses were tested in the present study: H1 Reaction time on congruent trials will be significantly faster than reaction time on incongruent trials. …
Determining The Effects Of Emotion On Prospective Memory Performance, Danielle Gershman
Determining The Effects Of Emotion On Prospective Memory Performance, Danielle Gershman
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Prospective memory is the ability to remember to complete future intentions. Throughout the study of prospective memory, the use of emotional stimuli tends to lead to contradictory effects. Some studies suggest that emotional stimuli, particularly positive stimuli, lead to better prospective memory performance. However, emotional stimuli have also been associated with detrimental effects or even no effect on prospective memory. This study aimed to further investigate the potential influence of both positive and negative emotions on prospective memory. College students completed three blocks of an n-back task with positive and negative emotionally valenced images in the prospective memory blocks for …
Mentally Restorative Areas For Students: Impacts Of Nature On Psychophysiological State, Jesse Moore
Mentally Restorative Areas For Students: Impacts Of Nature On Psychophysiological State, Jesse Moore
Honors Theses
Situated in the top outdoor ranking city of Chattanooga, the campus of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) includes diverse areas available for student rest and recreation. This study aims to introduce UTC students into the collection of studies on the effects of natural environments on Attention Restoration Theory (ART) by using the Stroop cognitive test and portable electroencephalograph (EEG) headsets. Participants completed the Stroop test after ten-minute mental restoration sessions in environments of varying natural exposure included on campus. Through analysis of variance, location was found to significantly influence performance on Stroop testing and measures of relaxation (p=0.030). …
Lying Strategies In Juveniles During Behavior Analysis Interviews, Talley Bettens
Lying Strategies In Juveniles During Behavior Analysis Interviews, Talley Bettens
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Police officers use the Behavior Analysis Interview (BAI) to detect deceit, but it is based on faulty indicators of lying and may be problematic for juveniles due to developmental immaturities. This study compared juveniles’, young adults’, and adults’ reported willingness to engage in truthful and deceitful responses during a hypothetical BAI. Regardless of guilt condition or age, participants were more willing to engage in truthful, suggesting they can manipulate their behaviors to appear innocent. Guilty participants were more willing to use strategies to manipulate their behaviors to appear truthful, while innocent participants said they would behave naturally. Juveniles were somewhat …