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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Ruminative Thought In Individuals With Borderline Personality Features, Brian Thomas Upton
Ruminative Thought In Individuals With Borderline Personality Features, Brian Thomas Upton
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by patterns of intense negative affect, interpersonal difficulties, and maladaptive impulsive behaviors, and is associated with impairments in social and occupational functioning. Rumination is a maladaptive form of repetitive thought that maintains and intensifies emotional disturbance and is associated with behavioral dysregulation. This study tested several hypotheses about relationships between rumination and borderline personality features. This study included 117 college student participants, 88 female students and 29 male students, most of whom (84%) identified themselves as Caucasian. Participants completed a series of measures which included a writing sample to sample repetitive thought. Findings consistently …
Ethnic Identity And Perceived Discrimination As Predictors Of Academic Attitudes: The Mediating And Moderating Roles Of Psychological Distress And Self-Regulation, Hui Chu
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
The current study addressed the deficiency in research by examining risk factors for immigrant children that may lead to academic disengagement (such as ethnic discrimination by peers and teachers, and psychological distress) and resilience factors that promote academic engagement (such as the development of a positive ethnic identity). Children who had stronger, more positive ethnic identities had more positive academic attitudes. Furthermore, the more the children were teased by their peers and graded unfairly by their teachers because of their ethnicity, the more they thought school was less important, less useful and felt less efficacious about school and valued school …
Self-Regulation And Liver Function: Expanding An Ecological Model, Tory Anne Eisenlohr-Moul
Self-Regulation And Liver Function: Expanding An Ecological Model, Tory Anne Eisenlohr-Moul
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Under conditions of high self-regulatory effort, peripheral organ systems have been found to slow, potentially to rearrange energetic priorities in favor of the brain. The present study tested an expansion of this model by exploring the possibility that alcohol metabolism (i.e., liver function) may slow during self-regulation. We also anticipated that high trait self-control would attenuate the effect of condition on metabolism. Twelve males aged 21-25 completed two conditions in counterbalanced order. During each session, the participant received 0.33 ml/kg of absolute alcohol for a target peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03 g%. Participants then performed tasks (self-regulatory tasks …
The Effect Of Practice On Eye Movements In The 1/D Paradigm, Will Seidelman
The Effect Of Practice On Eye Movements In The 1/D Paradigm, Will Seidelman
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Previous studies have demonstrated that observers may ignore highly salient feature singletons during a conjunction search task through focusing the attentional window (Belopolsky, Zwaan, Theeuwes, & Kramer, 2007), or by the suppression of bottom-up information (Treisman & Sato, 1990). In the current study, observers’ eye movements were monitored while performing a search task in which a feature singleton was present and corresponded with the target at a chance level. With practice, observers were less likely to make an initial saccade toward the singleton item, but initial saccades directed at the target were likely throughout. Results demonstrate that, in an effort …
Readers’ Knowledge Of Functional Devices, Hung-Tao Chen
Readers’ Knowledge Of Functional Devices, Hung-Tao Chen
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Various writing devices are designed to serve specialized purposes or “functions” to aid readers in their processing of a text. For example, an index lists important topics in the book and allows the readers to quickly locate the pages relevant to a particular topic. The purpose of this study was to learn what mature readers know about various functional devices. Two experiments were conducted to learn what readers know about functional devices in texts. Experiment 1 investigated readers’ knowledge about functional writing devices and Experiment 2 examined readers’ beliefs about the relevance of functional writing devices in various reading situations. …
Tolerance To The Impairing Effects Of Alcohol On The Inhibition And Activation Of Behavior, Erik Wayne Ostling
Tolerance To The Impairing Effects Of Alcohol On The Inhibition And Activation Of Behavior, Erik Wayne Ostling
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Moderate doses of alcohol impair response inhibition activation. Recent work has shown that, during a single dose, response inhibition recovers from the impairing effects of alcohol more slowly than response activation. Evidence for a lag in tolerance development to inhibitory versus activational mechanisms suggests that, as blood alcohol declines, drinkers’ response inhibition might continue to be impaired, despite the recovery of response activation. However, this has not been studied across repeated doses. This study examined how cross-session tolerance to alcohol develops differentially between response activation and inhibition. Thirty-two healthy adults performed a cued go/no-go task that measured response activation and …
Institutional Elder Neglect In Civil Court: Perceptions Of Video Recorded Victim Testimony, Nesa Elizabeth Wasarhaley
Institutional Elder Neglect In Civil Court: Perceptions Of Video Recorded Victim Testimony, Nesa Elizabeth Wasarhaley
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Mock juror perception of institutional elder neglect (IEN) was investigated in a civil court context. Participants (N=148) read a fictional IEN civil trial summary in which an alleged elderly female victim filed a lawsuit against her nursing home for failure to provide adequate care but died prior to trial. Participants read a version in which (a) previously recorded video testimony from the alleged victim was presented, (b) the alleged victim’s floor-mate testified about witnessing the neglect, or (c) no witness testimony was presented. An ageism scale was completed, and participants indicated the amount of time they spend with elders. Results …
A Five-Factor Measure Of Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Maryanne Edmundson
A Five-Factor Measure Of Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Maryanne Edmundson
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
The current study provides convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity data for a measure of schizotypia from the perspective of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of general personality structure. Nine schizotypia facet scales were constructed as maladaptive variants of respective facets of the FFM (e.g., Aberrant Ideas as a maladaptive variant of FFM Openness to Ideas). On the basis of data from 143 undergraduates the convergent validity of these nine facet scales was tested with respect to 11 established measures of schizotypia and the respective facets of the FFM. Discriminant validity was tested with respect to other personality disorders and facets from …
Alcohol Dose And Aggression: Another Reason Why Drinking More Is A Bad Idea, Aaron Adriel Duke
Alcohol Dose And Aggression: Another Reason Why Drinking More Is A Bad Idea, Aaron Adriel Duke
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
A wealth of studies have examined the impact of alcohol on violence; however, only a small number have addressed differences elicited by different doses of alcohol. Such studies are seriously limited by mixed findings, small sample sizes, inconsistent alcohol doses and control conditions, a bias toward studying only male participants, and the predominant use of only one particular measure to assess aggression. The present laboratory investigation was designed to elucidate and advance this literature by improving upon these limitations. Participants were 187 (95 men and 92 women) social drinkers. Following the consumption of one of 6 alcohol doses (i.e., 0.0g/kg; …
A Comparison Of The Reiss Profile With The Neo Pi-R Assessment Of Personality, Sara E. Boyd
A Comparison Of The Reiss Profile With The Neo Pi-R Assessment Of Personality, Sara E. Boyd
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) could account for significant variance within a measure of personality developed for the intellectually disabled (i.e., the Reiss Profile of Fundamental Motives), as well as to consider their comparative validity. The NEO PI-R and the Reiss Profile of Fundamental Motives were administered to 127 undergraduate students in conjunction with the Personality Research Form (PRF) and the Behavior Report Form (BRF). The NEO PI-R was able to account for a substantial amount of variance in the Reiss Profile scales, and the Reiss and the NEO accounted …
Somatic Injury Precedes Distal Atrophy Following Excitotoxic Hippocampal Insult, Lynda Sharrett-Field
Somatic Injury Precedes Distal Atrophy Following Excitotoxic Hippocampal Insult, Lynda Sharrett-Field
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Excitotoxicity can lead to increases in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations via the glutamatergic NMDA receptors, which can lead to cell death. Detailing the time-dependent degradation of neuronal components in response to excitotoxic challenge may help elucidate the sequence in which these signaling pathways are initiated and further, associate these pathways with topographic cellular demise. Using organotypic hippocampal slice culture technique, tissue from neonatal rat pups was exposed to NMDA, APV, or co-exposed for 24, 72 or 120 hours. Fluorescent microscopy of propidium iodide (PI) was used to evaluate neuronal membrane damage, changes in the density of mature …
Time-Dependence Of Distal-To-Proximal Hippocampal Neurodegeneration Produced By N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation, Jennifer Nicole Berry
Time-Dependence Of Distal-To-Proximal Hippocampal Neurodegeneration Produced By N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation, Jennifer Nicole Berry
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Excitotoxicity is the overexcitation of neurons due to the excessive activation of excitatory amino acid receptors and is thought to be involved in many neurodegenerative states. The manner in which the neuron breaks down during excitotoxicity is still unclear. The current study used the organotypic hippocampal slice culture model to examine the time-dependent loss of the synaptic vesicular protein synaptophysin and the loss of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1 subunit availability following an excitotoxic insult (20 μM NMDA) to provide a better understanding of the topographical nature of neuronal death following NMDA receptor activation. Significant NMDA-induced cytotoxicity in the CA1 …
Effects Of Mindfulness And Experiential Avoidance In Responding To Emotional Film Clips, Erin Celine Walsh
Effects Of Mindfulness And Experiential Avoidance In Responding To Emotional Film Clips, Erin Celine Walsh
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
This study examined if levels of self-reported mindfulness and experiential avoidance were associated with subjective and physiological outcomes following exposure to distressing film clips. Participants consisted of 108 college-aged young adults who completed self-report measures assessing levels of mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and negative affect. Several devices designed to monitor physiological activity, specifically sympathetic nervous activation, were also attached to participants. Participants were shown four brief film clips of neutral and unpleasant stimuli while these devices were attached. After each film, subjective distress ratings were gathered every 20 seconds for a period of two minutes to determine extent of emotional recovery. …
Irritability, Executive Functioning, And The Alcohol-Aggression Relation, Aaron John Godlaski
Irritability, Executive Functioning, And The Alcohol-Aggression Relation, Aaron John Godlaski
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
The purpose of this investigation was twofold. First, to test the hypothesis that irritability and executive functioning (EF), two previously established risk factors for alcohol-related aggression, would interact to conjointly confer multiplicative risk for intoxicated violence that is not observed when testing either variable alone. Second, to test the hypothesis that irritability would mediate the relation between EF and alcohol-related aggression. EF was measured using seven well-established neuropsychological tests. Irritability was measured using the Caprara Irritability Scale-CIS. Participants were 310 male and female social drinkers between the ages of 21 – 35 years old. After consuming an …
Distress And Health Information Interests Of Women Following A Benign Breast Biopsy, Rachel Fancher Steffens
Distress And Health Information Interests Of Women Following A Benign Breast Biopsy, Rachel Fancher Steffens
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Benign breast biopsy (BBB) can be a stressful experience for many women. Few studies have examined the specific aspects of the BBB more and less distressing. However, no research studies have examined demographic and clinical variables as they relate to distress associated with specific aspects of the BBB or the informational interests of women following a BBB. This study evaluated the magnitude of distress associated with each aspect of the BBB (additional mammography, waiting for the results of the mammography, being informed of needing a biopsy, etc.) as well as the clinical (family history of BC in first degree relative, …
Cognitive And Somatic Item Response Pattern Of Orofacial Pain Patients Compared To Fibromyalgia Patients And A Non-Pain Control Group, Morten Hadsel
Cognitive And Somatic Item Response Pattern Of Orofacial Pain Patients Compared To Fibromyalgia Patients And A Non-Pain Control Group, Morten Hadsel
University of Kentucky Master's Theses
Previous work has suggested that chronic pain patients report psychological distress through higher endorsement of somatic rather than cognitive signs of anxiety and depression. The present study compared female Non-Pain (11=52), Orofacial Pain (n=3 17) and Fibromyalgia (n=50) groups. on SCL-90-R Somatization, Anxiety and Depression raw scores and cognitive-somatic symptom patterning of the Anxiety and Depression scales. Comparisons were also made amongst orofacial pain diagnostic subgroups and subgroups based on Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) classification groups. The Somatization. Anxiety and Depression scores were higher in the OroFacial Pain and Fibromyalgia than Non-Pain group and higher in the Dysfunctional than Adaptive …