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Articles 1 - 30 of 89
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Sexual Minority Behavioral Health Outcomes: The Role Of Social Stressors And Self-Regulation, Zane B. Ballard
Sexual Minority Behavioral Health Outcomes: The Role Of Social Stressors And Self-Regulation, Zane B. Ballard
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer individuals have been shown to experience significantly more negative health outcomes than do heterosexuals. The current study examined the effects of identity authenticity on problematic alcohol and drug use and sexual compulsivity. The current study also tested whether this relationship between identity authenticity and negative behavioral health outcomes is mediated by self-regulation depletion, as well as internalized homonegativity and rejection sensitivity. Identity authenticity was associated with self-regulation depletion, internalized homonegativity, problematic alcohol use, and sexual compulsivity. Identity authenticity did not predict rejection sensitivity or problematic drug use. Evidence supports the role of self-regulation depletion in …
Teachers' Impact On Psychosocial Treatment For Latino Youth With Adhd, Margaret Anne Grace
Teachers' Impact On Psychosocial Treatment For Latino Youth With Adhd, Margaret Anne Grace
Dissertations (1934 -)
The current study examined the impact of teacher engagement in psychosocial treatment for Latino youth with ADHD and their families. Participants included sixty-one Latino youth, along with their primary caregiver and teacher. Results revealed that teachers were equally engaged in treatment regardless of the source of the referral to treatment, a finding which is encouraging as it indicates that teachers were motivated to work with their students and families. Additionally, results indicated that referral source and specific aspects of teacher engagement in treatment were related to certain child and parent/family treatment outcomes. Of note, several aspects of teacher engagement in …
The Role Of Ethgender Identity In The Relationship Between Gendered Racism And Activism Among Black Women, Maha Baalbaki
The Role Of Ethgender Identity In The Relationship Between Gendered Racism And Activism Among Black Women, Maha Baalbaki
Dissertations (1934 -)
Black women face a unique intersectional form of discrimination, termed gendered racism (Essed, 1991). The purpose of this study was to determine whether experiences with gendered racism predict activism among Black women and to explore the roles of emotions and identity in this relationship. An online, national sample of 112 Black women provided self-reports of frequency of experiences with overt and covert forms of gendered racism and associated emotional responses, ethgender identity centrality, and activism. Results revealed that experiences with covert gendered racism predicted activism. Emotional responses to gendered racism were not found to predict activism. Ethgender identity was found …
Examining The Effects Of Stress And Age On Neural Reward Processing: Considerations For The Role Of Individual Differences In Autonomic Reactivity, William Mccuddy
Examining The Effects Of Stress And Age On Neural Reward Processing: Considerations For The Role Of Individual Differences In Autonomic Reactivity, William Mccuddy
Dissertations (1934 -)
Acute stress is unavoidable and may hinder basic reward processing underlying adaptive decision-making. Additionally, older adults may be at an increased risk of poor decision-making after exposure to acute stress due to age-related changes in cognitive and autonomic functioning. The current study assessed the influence of acute stress, autonomic reactivity, and age on a simple behavioral task during fMRI. Specifically, old and young adults completed a basic reward processing paradigm (i.e., where participants received monetary rewards and punishments) after exposure to acute stress (i.e., social evaluative cold pressor) or control procedure between-subjects. In the young group, differential responses for monetary …
The Relationship Between Identity Dimensions, Gender Conformity, And Satisfaction With Life, Alexandria Colburn
The Relationship Between Identity Dimensions, Gender Conformity, And Satisfaction With Life, Alexandria Colburn
Master's Theses (2009 -)
There is a large body of evidence indicating physical and mental health disparities among marginalized populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between identity dimensions, gender conformity, and well-being. I anticipated that identification with a marginalized identity group would predict poorer satisfaction with life, compared to identification with a privileged group. In addition, I investigated the role of gender conformity as a possible interaction variable in the relationship between identity factors (assigned sex, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation) and outcomes of satisfaction with life. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to investigate these hypotheses. Results …
The Role Of Values Enculturation, Mental Health Stigma, & Attitudes About Treatment On Help-Seeking Intent Among Latinos, Natasha Suhail Najar
The Role Of Values Enculturation, Mental Health Stigma, & Attitudes About Treatment On Help-Seeking Intent Among Latinos, Natasha Suhail Najar
Dissertations (1934 -)
The current study examined how attitudes about psychological treatment and stigma toward mental illness influence the relationship between Latino cultural values (i.e., values enculturation) and their intention to seek psychological services. Using a sample of 220 Latino adults, multiple mediation analyses examined if the relationship between enculturation, operationalized as cultural pride and familismo; and intent to seek help from mental health provider was mediated by Latinos’ attitudes about psychological treatment (i.e., stigma tolerance and belief in psychologists’ expertness) and stigma toward mental illness. Further, it was hypothesized that depression would moderate the mediational pathway. The major findings indicated the Latino …
Investigation Of Performance And Symptom Validity Testing In Children Utilizing Control, Simulation, And Clinical Groups, Elisabeth Vogt
Investigation Of Performance And Symptom Validity Testing In Children Utilizing Control, Simulation, And Clinical Groups, Elisabeth Vogt
Dissertations (1934 -)
Integral to neuropsychology, assessment relies on valid self-report and credible performance on neuropsychological tests. Symptom exaggeration and misrepresentation of abilities confound interpretation of neuropsychological test data, subsequent diagnosis, and treatment. Measures evaluating performance and symptom validity have been extensively studied in adult populations; however, similar research in child and adolescent populations is limited. In accordance with recommended research methodology, this study utilized a simulation design with community recruited and medical center clinical criterion groups which included 191 children and adolescents (7 to 16 years old). Sensitivity, specificity, and proposed cut-off scores are described for the Victoria Symptom Validity Test, Digit …
Relations Of Discriminatory Experiences And Marianismo Beleifs With Ptsd Symptoms In Latinx Women, Claire Maria Bird
Relations Of Discriminatory Experiences And Marianismo Beleifs With Ptsd Symptoms In Latinx Women, Claire Maria Bird
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Research examining the discriminatory experiences of Latinx women in minimal. The present study examined if various forms of discrimination predicted mental health symptoms in a sample of Latinx women, with the conceptualization of chronic discrimination as a possible form of trauma. There is evidence showing that Latinx individuals are at risk to develop posttraumatic stress disorder at higher rates than their non-Hispanic White counterparts, with many studies pointing to the experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination as a significant contributor (Kaczkurkin, Asnaani, Hall-Clark, Peterson, Yarvis, & Foa, 2016). Given the multiple forms of discrimination that women of color experience, ethnic discrimination, sexism, …
The Impact Of Violence On The Emerging Development Of Emotion Regulation: The Role Of The Caregiver, Christina Caiozzo
The Impact Of Violence On The Emerging Development Of Emotion Regulation: The Role Of The Caregiver, Christina Caiozzo
Dissertations (1934 -)
Caregivers teach children how to navigate an emotional world (Thompson, 1994), and children’s ability to manage emotional reactions underlies their mental health as well as their social and academic performance (Zeman, Cassano, Perry-Parish, & Stegall, 2006). However, children who experience adverse life events are at risk for impaired development of emotion regulation (Maughan & Cicchetti, 2002). Little is known about how parents of at-risk youth can continue to foster healthy development of emotion regulation for their children. Therefore, the current study aims to identify specific parenting practices that promote adaptive emotion regulation in at-risk preschoolers. Multi-method, multi-informant data were collected …
The Effects Of Acute Stress On Emotion Recognition Of Bodily Movements, Devi Jayan
The Effects Of Acute Stress On Emotion Recognition Of Bodily Movements, Devi Jayan
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Lack of understanding of the mental state of others may govern poor social interactions and, the etiology and maintenance of several mental health conditions. In everyday situations, verbal and non-verbal affective stimuli are often processed under conditions of acute stress. Acute stress is associated with changes in cognition, affect, behavior and neural functioning; however, previous research has not sufficiently identified the role of acute stress on emotion recognition (ER) from body movements. The current study explored the effects of acute stress and related physiological responses on ER of dynamic body movements. Eighty-Four participants were exposed to an acute stress procedure …
Examining Latino Family Participation In Treatment For Childhood Adhd: The Role Of Cultural Factors And Perceptions, Theresa Lauer Kapke
Examining Latino Family Participation In Treatment For Childhood Adhd: The Role Of Cultural Factors And Perceptions, Theresa Lauer Kapke
Dissertations (1934 -)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common mental health disorder in childhood, and efficacious treatments have been identified. Unfortunately, ethnic minority individuals, including Latino youth and their families, are at increased risk of failing to receive proper treatment and often exhibit poor treatment outcomes. Various factors likely contribute to these existing disparities. Thus, the current study aimed to improve current understanding of the way in which child characteristics and parental cultural factors and perceptions regarding treatment impact Latino family participation in a psychosocial intervention for childhood ADHD, including attendance, retention, engagement, and treatment response outcomes. Sixty-one Latino families participated in the …
Sleep, Internalizing Symptoms, Executive Functioning, And Diabetes Outcomes In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ashley Charlene Moss
Sleep, Internalizing Symptoms, Executive Functioning, And Diabetes Outcomes In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ashley Charlene Moss
Dissertations (1934 -)
Insufficient sleep is a nearly universal problem during adolescence and is likely associated with various biopsychosocial and contextual factors present with this developmental period. Youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may experience greater sleep difficulties, poorer sleep quality, and greater daytime sleepiness/fatigue compared to healthy youth. Also, sleep difficulties are associated with poorer diabetes outcomes (e.g., treatment adherence). Understanding how sleep may impact illness management during adolescence is critical given increasing rates of non-adherence during this developmental period. Although research suggests poor sleep is associated with decreased neurocognitive functioning and increased internalizing behavior among healthy youth, limited research has …
Caregivers' Role In Fostering Resilience In Preschoolers, Kristen Yule
Caregivers' Role In Fostering Resilience In Preschoolers, Kristen Yule
Master's Theses (2009 -)
The present study examined the association between specific parenting practices and the development of resilience in preschoolers from high-risk families. The current study used a multi-method, multi-informant design to identify parenting behaviors associated with positive adjustment and well-being in preschoolers exposed to adversity. Families were recruited from Head Start programs and 124 childcaregiver dyads agreed to participate. Child participants (51% male) from grades K3 through K5 ranged from 3-6 years of age (M = 4), while caregivers (85.5% female) were between the ages of 19 and 69 years (M = 32). Participants were predominately Black or African American. Resilience was …
Implicit Regulation Of Emotion: Priming Non-Conscious Reappraisal And Suppression During Stress, Sydney Clare Timmer-Murillo
Implicit Regulation Of Emotion: Priming Non-Conscious Reappraisal And Suppression During Stress, Sydney Clare Timmer-Murillo
Master's Theses (2009 -)
As individuals experience the world, they must also appropriately modulate their responses to fit their environment. The manner in which one regulates their emotion can vary greatly and influence a number of factors, including self-reported affect and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). The majority of research on emotion regulation examines the deliberate, or explicit, regulation of emotion. However, the automatic or implicit regulation of emotion is an important cognitive process that yields several benefits. Recent research demonstrates benefits of using implicit reappraisal; however, no work has been done to examine other implicit strategies. The current study primed implicit reappraisal and suppression …
Stress And Prosocial Decision Making: The Influence Of Acute Stress On Trust Behavior, Stephanie Ross Potts
Stress And Prosocial Decision Making: The Influence Of Acute Stress On Trust Behavior, Stephanie Ross Potts
Dissertations (1934 -)
While acute stress exposure has been associated with modulation of risk-taking in decision making, the influence of stress on social decision making and trust has not been well-researched. The current study aims to advance scientific understanding of how stress influences trust behavior. Ninety-six participants (49 male and 47 female) engaged in an adapted Trust Game task, randomly assigned between-subjects to either an acute stress (cold pressor test or socially evaluative cold pressor test) or control group. The Trust Game was administered at different time points with respect to stress exposure to examine the potential differential roles of temporally distinct stress …
Heterosexual Allies' Confrontation Of Sexual Prejudice: The Effect Of Gender, Attitudes, And Past Allied Behavior, Kelly L. Lemaire
Heterosexual Allies' Confrontation Of Sexual Prejudice: The Effect Of Gender, Attitudes, And Past Allied Behavior, Kelly L. Lemaire
Dissertations (1934 -)
Confrontation of prejudice is one method that has been demonstrated to reduce future discrimination on behalf of perpetrators and non-target witnesses in the future. The current study sought to 1) determine whether the gender of the perpetrator, target, or witness of heterosexist prejudice affects witness’s reactions to prejudice, including confrontation, 2) understand if other factors including participants’ attitudes about society, gender roles, and gay men and lesbian women, as well as their general level of assertiveness and previous allied behaviors were predictive of confrontation behavior and 3) examine participant’s satisfaction with their responses and anticipated future responses in relation to …
Suicidal Risk At A College Counseling Center: Correlates At Intake And Therapeutic Outcomes, Maha Baalbaki
Suicidal Risk At A College Counseling Center: Correlates At Intake And Therapeutic Outcomes, Maha Baalbaki
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Suicidal risk is examined within the population of college students entering therapy. College student suicidal risk factors are examined among those entering therapy. Based on suicidal risk presented at intake, subsequent outcomes, with respect to treatment duration and mental health functioning, are evaluated. Participants include 1717 students aged 18-22 receiving therapy services at the Johns Hopkins University Counseling Center. Measures included the Personal Identification Form, Problem Checklist, and Behavioral Health Questionnaire-20. Various demographic (race/ethnicity), clinical (previous treatment and referral source), emotional (depression, anxiety, and substance abuse), and collegiate (thwarted belongingness, academic stress, and identity confusion) factors were associated with increased …
Incremental Clinical Utility Of Adhd Assessment Measures With Latino Families, Margaret A. Grace
Incremental Clinical Utility Of Adhd Assessment Measures With Latino Families, Margaret A. Grace
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder beginning in childhood, with related symptoms and impairment across settings often persisting into adolescence and adulthood if effective treatment is not provided (Bernardi et al., 2012). Therefore, the early and accurate assessment and diagnosis of ADHD is critical. While the prevalence of ADHD symptomatology has been found to be consistent between Latinos and European Americans (Morgan, Hillemeir, Farkas, & Maczuga, 2014), there is little research on the best practices for assessing ADHD in Latinos. The current study sought to examine the incremental clinical utility of two parent- and teacher-report measures of ADHD symptomatology …
The Impact Of Balance Disturbance On Cognition, Erin Quasney
The Impact Of Balance Disturbance On Cognition, Erin Quasney
Dissertations (1934 -)
There have been remarkable gains within the scientific literature over the last few decades contributing to our understanding of the sequelae, recovery, and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), yet our knowledge of relationships among symptoms remains elementary in comparison. Cognitive and balance deficits are two of the most prevalent consequence of mTBI. There is some indication that a challenge to one or both of these functions can result in cognitive detriments due to constraints on attentional capacity. However, the evidence remains both conflicting and sparse. This study examined the impact of increasing balance challenge on attention and working …
Masculinity Matters: Perceptions Of One’S Own Gender Status And The Effects On Psychosocial Well Being Among Gay Men, Dane Robert Whicker
Masculinity Matters: Perceptions Of One’S Own Gender Status And The Effects On Psychosocial Well Being Among Gay Men, Dane Robert Whicker
Dissertations (1934 -)
Gay men have a unique relationship with masculinity. The manner in which gay men view their gender in a heterosexist context (i.e., Perceptions of One’s Own Gender Status, “POOGS”) may explain individual differences found in psychological health among both feminine and masculine gay men. In this study, four factors that make up POOGS are 1) connection to the gay community, 2) perceived negative attitudes toward effeminacy, 3) exposure to heterosexist discrimination, and 4) one’s own masculinity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hypotheses that 1) POOGS will predict symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life, …
A Replication And Extension Of The Peers For Young Adults Social Skills Intervention, Alana J. Mcvey
A Replication And Extension Of The Peers For Young Adults Social Skills Intervention, Alana J. Mcvey
Master's Theses (2009 -)
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is on the rise. Due to a lack of efficacious treatments, the number of young adults with ASD is also increasing. Young adults with ASD experience difficulties with empathy, loneliness, and anxiety. Few efficacious social skills intervention for young adults with ASD exist. However, a social skills intervention called PEERS® for Young Adults was recently developed and has shown to be effective for improving the experiences of young adults with ASD. The original study has not yet been independently replicated outside of the site of development and has several limitations. The present study …
The Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility, Coping, And Symptomatology In Psychotherapy, Benjamin Todd Johnson
The Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility, Coping, And Symptomatology In Psychotherapy, Benjamin Todd Johnson
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Cognitive flexibility is broadly defined as the ability to shift perspective or approach in order to adapt to changes in the environment. This implies the abilities to generate alternatives and then to implement effective approaches. High cognitive flexibility has been associated with psychological well-being and effective coping, whereas low flexibility, or rigidity, has been linked to several types of psychopathology. The goal of the current study was to provide exploratory evidence of the utility of a brief, self-report measure of cognitive flexibility in identifying relationships to coping strategies, symptomatology, and treatment duration in a clinical setting. A total of 18 …
Program For Education And Enrichment Of Relational Skills: Parental Outcomes With An Adhd Sample, Kelsey Gonring
Program For Education And Enrichment Of Relational Skills: Parental Outcomes With An Adhd Sample, Kelsey Gonring
Dissertations (1934 -)
The goal of the current study was to examine the effect of PEERS®, a 14-week parent-assisted friendship-building program for adolescents with ADHD, on parental functioning, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and family functioning. Participants included 25 parents (19 mothers, 6 fathers) of adolescents with ADHD. Families completed the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®; Laugeson & Frankel, 2010). Measures of parenting stress, parental efficacy, parent-adolescent communication, parent-adolescent involvement, causal attributions for negative social interactions, and family chaos were completed by parents at pre and post-treatment. Parents demonstrated statistically significant improvements in parenting stress and parent-adolescent communication …
Peers®: Long-Term Effects On Social Skills, Social Anxiety, And Physiological Regulation In Adolescents With Autism, Kirsten Ashley Schohl
Peers®: Long-Term Effects On Social Skills, Social Anxiety, And Physiological Regulation In Adolescents With Autism, Kirsten Ashley Schohl
Dissertations (1934 -)
This study aimed to examine the efficacy and durability, through replication and extension, of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®: Laugeson & Frankel, 2010). PEERS® is a parent-assisted social skills group intervention for high-functioning adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study is the first to address replication of the long-term outcomes of PEERS® outside of the site of development. Further, this study is the first to assess the effects that PEERS® has on the plasticity of physiological regulation and social anxiety over time. 36 participants completed PEERS® and were assessed at three different time …
Neural Plasticity In Response To Intervention In Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sheryl Jayne Stevens
Neural Plasticity In Response To Intervention In Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sheryl Jayne Stevens
Dissertations (1934 -)
Current theories of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) suggest that they may develop from the transactional interaction between biological risk factors and environmental processes (Dawson et al., 2009). Due to the brain’s experience-expectant nature, one’s degree of social exposure may have a significant impact on their brain development and behavioral presentation. In addition to the primary critical neurodevelopmental period identified in early childhood, recent research has demonstrated a second period of substantial neurodevelopment during the adolescent period (Sisk & Foster, 2004). This study investigated the neural and behavioral impact of participation in an empirically validated behavioral intervention (The Program for the …
Primary And Family Stigma Of Mental Illness: Comparing Perceptions Of African Americans And European Americans, Julia Rubinshteyn
Primary And Family Stigma Of Mental Illness: Comparing Perceptions Of African Americans And European Americans, Julia Rubinshteyn
Dissertations (1934 -)
Research has shown that stigma is a significant barrier to mental health treatment seeking, and that African Americans tend to have significantly lower rates of treatment seeking compared to European Americans (Wang et al., 2005). Stigma affecting the individual directly is called primary stigma (Corrigan & Kleinlein, 2005), whereas stigma affecting the individual’s family members is referred to as family stigma. In the present study, a vignette was presented to 287 undergraduate students at Marquette University. The study examined attitudes of primary and family stigma toward a target based on race (European American or African American) and type of mental …
Examination Of A Parent-Assisted, Friendship-Building Program For Adolescents With Adhd, Denise Marie Gardner
Examination Of A Parent-Assisted, Friendship-Building Program For Adolescents With Adhd, Denise Marie Gardner
Dissertations (1934 -)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder that often contributes to impairment in multiple domains, including peer functioning. Specifically, youth with ADHD tend to have fewer friends and lower quality friendships, experience greater peer victimization, and engage in more inappropriate social behaviors than typically developing peers. Researchers have highlighted the need for long-term interventions that directly address peer difficulties, emphasize dyadic friendship-building, and include a parent component. Thus, the current pilot study will examine the effectiveness of PEERS, a parent-assisted, friendship-building program, at establishing mutual friendships and improving current peer relationships in adolescents with ADHD. Participants in the study …
Application Of Item Response Theory To Measures Of Verbal Learning, Indrani K. Thiruselvam
Application Of Item Response Theory To Measures Of Verbal Learning, Indrani K. Thiruselvam
Dissertations (1934 -)
This study utilized item response theory (IRT) methods to investigate if item parameters of select trials in the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II; Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000) and the Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scales – Fourth Edition (WMS-IV; Wechsler, 2009) vary as a function of the serial position effect. In addition, this study compared the effectiveness of CVLT-II and LM in quantifying verbal memory functioning, and determined if a weighted scoring approach improves the quantification of verbal memory. Archival data from 755 individuals (516 college students, 239 patients at a neuropsychology clinic) were utilized …
The Effects Of Specific Mental Illness Stigma Beliefs On Treatment Seeking Attitudes, Henry Arthur Boeh
The Effects Of Specific Mental Illness Stigma Beliefs On Treatment Seeking Attitudes, Henry Arthur Boeh
Dissertations (1934 -)
Despite significant gains in the research base and effectiveness of psychotherapy, only thirty to forty percent of individuals experiencing mental illness symptoms seek treatment. A large barrier preventing many individuals from seeking psychotherapy is the stigma that surrounds mental illness. This study reviews the current state of mental illness stigma literature and presents a new Treatment Seeking Barriers Model (TSBM) that attempts to better explain the connection between stigma and treatment seeking. The goal of the current study was to isolate and manipulate responsibility or immutability beliefs related to depression in order to evaluate their relationship with treatment seeking stigma. …
The Effects Of Emotional Arousal On False Recognition In Alexithymia, Anthony N. Correro
The Effects Of Emotional Arousal On False Recognition In Alexithymia, Anthony N. Correro
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Alexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties identifying feelings, difficulties describing feelings, and an externally oriented thinking style (EOT). Further, individuals with alexithymia experience chronic physiological arousal. Prior research has shown that non-clinical participants with alexithymic traits cannot subjectively recognize increased arousal in response to viewing an arousing video. Yet, these individuals will still experience physiological arousal and will still have arousal-induced memory modulation. No studies to date have examined arousal effects on false memory in alexithymia. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm examines false memory by introducing words associated with a non-presented `theme' word (i.e., critical lure) as memoranda, which …