Psychology Commons^™

Ability To Recall Specific Detail And General Detail (Gist) In Young Old, Middle Old, And Older Adults, Victoria Alexander, Mark Bahr, Richard Hicks

Mark Bahr

Declining cognition has been associated with detrimental consequences such as decline in independence and reduced quality of life. If we can understand the nature of the decline, we may be able to reduce the detrimental consequences. It seems that with increasing age we remember the general detail of the stimuli, rather than the specific details. Recall of general information but failure to identify the specific instances previously known or studied is termed gist error, and this is seen to be indicative of age related change in memory. Previous studies have compared younger vs older age groups; meaning that the time …

Anxiety, Stress, And Self-Esteem Across Genders In A University Sample: Exploring The Role Of Body Avoidance, Richelle Murphy, Peta Stapleton

Peta B. Stapleton

The present study aimed to investigate whether university students’ body avoidance behaviors could be predicted by their level of self-esteem, anxiety, and stress, as well as their BMI and gender. University students (n = 86) completed a self-report package and results indicated that anxiety was the most important predictor of body avoidance for university students. Gender was also predictive of avoidance for university students. Post Hoc analyses indicated that body avoidance, anxiety, stress, and BMI, were higher for female university students, yet no difference was found for self-esteem between genders. These results suggest preliminary evidence for the importance of elevated …

Responding To The Challenge Of Problem Sexual Behaviour By Young People In Queensland: An Opinion, Scott Harden, Michelle Phillips, Stephen Stathis, Kerry Geritz, Tasneem Hasan, Mike Spiller, Bruce Watt, Angela Allen

Bruce Watt

There is general agreement that problematic sexual behaviour by young people is more common than was earlier believed and poses significant public health, juvenile justice and mental health difficulties for the community. A growing body of literature around the treatment of young people with inappropriate sexual behaviour has developed in recent decades. However, significant gaps remain as much of the literature is focused at the individual program level. As professionals in our jurisdiction of Queensland working in child and youth forensic mental health services, we have long been frustrated by the lack of a comprehensive, appropriately layered system of assessment …

Assessing Differences In Emotion Recognition, Non-Verbal Memory And Verbal Memory Between Young, Middle And Older Adults., Victoria Alexander, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr

Richard Hicks

Deficits in emotion recognition may provide a window into what is occurring in the ageing brain. We investigated whether changes in recognition of emotion could be attributed to a decline in memory processes. Sixty-two participants recruited from South-Eastern Queensland Australia divided into young (19-49), middle old (49-64) and old (65 and above) cohorts were administered computer administered tasks assessing emotion recognition, verbal and non-verbal memory. Emotion recognition declined in older adults for angry, surprised and fearful faces. Age related decline in verbal memory was also observed. This suggests some common element present in verbal memory may be involved in the …

Assessing Differences In Emotion Recognition, Non-Verbal Memory And Verbal Memory Between Young, Middle And Older Adults., Victoria Alexander, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

Deficits in emotion recognition may provide a window into what is occurring in the ageing brain. We investigated whether changes in recognition of emotion could be attributed to a decline in memory processes. Sixty-two participants recruited from South-Eastern Queensland Australia divided into young (19-49), middle old (49-64) and old (65 and above) cohorts were administered computer administered tasks assessing emotion recognition, verbal and non-verbal memory. Emotion recognition declined in older adults for angry, surprised and fearful faces. Age related decline in verbal memory was also observed. This suggests some common element present in verbal memory may be involved in the …

Alexithymia And Drinking In Young Adults: The Role Of Alcohol-Related Intrusive Thoughts, Michael Lyvers, Olena Lysychka, Fred Thorberg

Mike Lyvers

Alexithymia refers to difficulties identifying and describing emotions, an externalised thinking style and a lack of imagination. Alexithymia has been linked to heavier drinking in community samples and is strongly associated with alcohol use disorders. Among patients undergoing treatment for alcohol dependence, alexithymia is associated with more intrusive thoughts about drinking. The present research asked whether this may also be the case in a non-clinical sample of social drinkers and whether such intrusive thoughts mediate the relationship between alexithymia and drinking. Participants were 113 university undergraduates aged 18–30 years who completed self-report indices of alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, or TAS-20), …

Variability In Depressive Symptoms Of Cognitive Deficit And Cognitive Bias During The First 2 Years After Diagnosis In Australian Men With Prostate Cancer, Christopher Sharpley, Vicki Bitsika, David Christie

Vicki Bitsika

The incidence and contribution to total depression of the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit and cognitive bias in prostate cancer (PCa) patients were compared from cohorts sampled during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Survey data were collected from 394 patients with PCa, including background information, treatments, and disease status, plus total scores of depression and scores for subscales of the depressive symptoms of cognitive bias and cognitive deficit via the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The sample was divided into eight 3-monthly time-since-diagnosis cohorts and according to depression severity. Mean scores for the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit were significantly …

Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Negatively Associated With Gambling Money Won On The Iowa Gambling Task In Naturalistic Settings After Controlling For Trait Impulsivity And Alcohol Tolerance, Michael Lyvers, Nicole Mathieson, Mark Edwards

Mark Edwards

Introduction: Acute alcohol intoxication has been found to increase perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a well known neuropsychological index of prefrontal cortical functioning, in both laboratory and naturalistic settings. Method: The present study examined the relationship between levels of alcohol consumption at campus drinking venues and performance of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), another neuropsychological test designed to assess prefrontal cortex dysfunction, after controlling for potential confounding variables including habitual alcohol intake (as a proxy for alcohol tolerance), trait impulsivity, and everyday executive functioning. Results: The 49 participants of both genders aged 18 to 30 years were …

Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Negatively Associated With Gambling Money Won On The Iowa Gambling Task In Naturalistic Settings After Controlling For Trait Impulsivity And Alcohol Tolerance, Michael Lyvers, Nicole Mathieson, Mark Edwards

Mike Lyvers

Introduction: Acute alcohol intoxication has been found to increase perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a well known neuropsychological index of prefrontal cortical functioning, in both laboratory and naturalistic settings. Method: The present study examined the relationship between levels of alcohol consumption at campus drinking venues and performance of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), another neuropsychological test designed to assess prefrontal cortex dysfunction, after controlling for potential confounding variables including habitual alcohol intake (as a proxy for alcohol tolerance), trait impulsivity, and everyday executive functioning. Results: The 49 participants of both genders aged 18 to 30 years were …

Relationships Among Transformational And Transactional Leadership Styles, Role Pressures, Stress Levels, And Coping Resources In Senior Queensland Catholic Education Executives, Lynette Hand, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

No abstract provided.

Organisational Engagement And Its Driving Forces: A Case Study In A Retail Travel Organisation With International Outreach, Richard Hicks, G. O'Reilly, Mark Bahr

Mark Bahr

The Organisation Engagement Survey (OES) was designed to measure engagement and its predictors (drivers) within a large retail travel organisation in Australia. It includes a specially-developed 5-item engagement scale (ES) and a forty-item 8-factor drivers-of-engagement scale (the eight factors are: senior leadership, team leadership, continuance, work support, work demands, employee empowerment, customer focus, financial rewards). This paper reports findings in this case study of the organisation on what were the drivers or predictors of engagement within the organisation (of over 4000 people, as obtained from over 400 responses reasonably representative of the overall organisation). It also provides some insights into …

Organisational Engagement And Its Driving Forces: A Case Study In A Retail Travel Organisation With International Outreach, Richard Hicks, G. O'Reilly, Mark Bahr

Richard Hicks

The Organisation Engagement Survey (OES) was designed to measure engagement and its predictors (drivers) within a large retail travel organisation in Australia. It includes a specially-developed 5-item engagement scale (ES) and a forty-item 8-factor drivers-of-engagement scale (the eight factors are: senior leadership, team leadership, continuance, work support, work demands, employee empowerment, customer focus, financial rewards). This paper reports findings in this case study of the organisation on what were the drivers or predictors of engagement within the organisation (of over 4000 people, as obtained from over 400 responses reasonably representative of the overall organisation). It also provides some insights into …

Can Procrastination Be Effective? A Study Of White-Collar Employees And University Students, Richard Hicks, James Storey

Richard Hicks

No abstract provided.

Relationships Among Transformational And Transactional Leadership Styles, Role Pressures, Stress Levels, And Coping Resources In Senior Queensland Catholic Education Executives, Lynette Hand, Richard Hicks, Mark Bahr

Richard Hicks

No abstract provided.

It Works Both Ways: Transfer Difficulties Between Manipulatives And Written Subtraction Solutions, Linda Hand

Linda Liu Hand

Three experiments compared performance and transfer among children aged 83-94 months after written or manipulatives instruction on two-digit subtraction. In Experiment 1a, children learned with manipulatives or with traditional written numerals. All children then completed a written posttest. Experiment 1b investigated whether salient or perceptually attractive manipulatives affected transfer. Experiment 2 investigated whether instruction with writing would transfer to a manipulatives-based posttest. Children demonstrated performance gains when the posttest format was identical to the instructed format, but failed to demonstrate transfer from the instructed format to an incongruent posttest. The results indicate that the problem in transferring from manipulatives instruction …

Characterizing Sleep Disorders In Geriatric Populations, Pennie Seibert, J. Valerio, Y. Rafla, F. Grimsley, C. Zimmerman

Pennie S. Seibert

Sleep disorders (SD) affect approximately one-third of the world population. The presence of SDs occurs at all ages although the presentation and subsequent consequences for an individual’s health change in accordance with the natural aging process. Currently, evaluation of SD is inadequate across all age ranges as it is compromised by under reporting and by relying on self-report rather than professional sleep studies (i.e., nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT)). Moreover, there is a paucity of data specific to older adults. We constructed a 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with NP, MSLT, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale …

Embodied Metaphors And Creative “Acts”, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Suntae Kim, Evan Polman, Lay See Ong, Lin Qiu, Jack A. Goncola, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Creativity is a highly sought after skill. To inspire people’s creativity, prescriptive advice in the form of metaphors abound: We are encouraged to think outside the box, to consider the problem on one hand, then on the other hand, and to put two and two together to achieve creative breakthroughs. These metaphors suggest a connection between concrete bodily experiences and creative cognition. Inspired by recent advances on body-mind linkages under the emerging vernacular of embodied cognition, we explored for the first time whether enacting metaphors for creativity enhances creative problem-solving. In five studies, findings revealed that both physically and psychologically …

The Capricious Relationship Shared By Sleep Disorders And Depression: Searching For Causal Primacy, Pennie Seibert, Christian Zimmerman, Fred Grimsley

Pennie S. Seibert

Introduction: Depression is pervasive throughout the world and is often associated with sleep disorders (SDs). Both disorders compromise cognition, emotional well-being, and general health. The extent of these relationships has not been clearly ascertained because of significant rates of under or inadequate diagnoses along with a multitude of intervening variables associated with disease symptomatology. Investigations are further constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose diagnoses have included complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT).

Method: We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with NPS, MSLT, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical …

Diabetes And Sleep Disorders: The Complex Web Of Intervening Variables, Pennie Seibert

Pennie S. Seibert

Sleep disorders (SDs) are present in approximately 30% of the world population and are associated with prolific health problems. Researchers are beginning to examine relationships shared by SDs and diabetes to illuminate relevant covariance. The extent of these relationships has been constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose diagnoses are based on a complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with nocturnal polysomnography studies (NPS), multiple sleep latency tests, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical chart reviews of people referred for evaluation of SDs. …

The Complex Web Of Intervening Variables Shared By Chronic Pain And Sleep Disorders, Pennie Seibert, J. Valerio, C. Zimmerman

Pennie S. Seibert

Background and aims: An estimated that 20% of the world's population suffers from chronic pain (CP) and 25% experience sleep disturbances. The concomitance of CP and sleep disorders (SD) negatively impact general health and well-being. Investigations of this complex relationship have been constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose SD diagnoses are based on complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT).

Methods: We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with nocturnal polysomnography studies (NPS), multiple sleep latency tests, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical chart reviews of people referred for evaluation …

Synergistic Research: Psychological Science Applications Advance The Practice Of Medicine, Pennie Seibert

Pennie S. Seibert

No abstract provided.

The Malleability Of Spatial Skills: A Meta-Analysis Of Training Studies, David Uttal, Nathaniel Meadow, Elizabeth Tipton, Linda Hand, Alison Alden, Christopher Warren, Nora Newcombe

Linda Liu Hand

No abstract provided.

Alexithymia, Craving And Attachment In A Heavy Drinking Population, Fred Thorberg, Ross Young, Karen Sullivan, Michael Lyvers, Jason Connor, Gerald Feeney

Mike Lyvers

Up to fifty per cent of individuals with Alcohol use disorders (AUD) also have alexithymia a personality construct hypothesized to be related to attachment difficulties. The relationship between alexithymia, craving, anxious attachment and alcohol-dependence severitywas examined in254 patients participating in a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) programfor alcohol-dependence. Participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), the Revised Adult Attachment Anxiety Subscale (RAAS-Anxiety) and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). MANOVA indicated that individuals with alexithymia reported significantly higher levels of totalOCDS, obsessive thoughts about alcohol, and compulsive drinking urges and behavior, compared to the non-alexithymic …

Lexicon, Linda Shuster

Linda Shuster

No abstract provided.

Speech And Gesture In Language Acquisition Studies, Gale Stam

Gale Stam, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Developing Constructs For Psychopathology Research: Research Domain Criteria, Charles A. Sanislow, Daniel S. Pine, Kevin J. Quinn, Michael J. Kozak, Marjorie A. Garvey, Robert K. Heinssen, Philip S. Wang, Bruce N. Cuthbert

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

There exists a divide between findings from integrative neuroscience and clinical research focused on mechanisms of psychopathology. Specifically, a clear correspondence does not emerge between clusters of complex clinical symptoms and dysregulated neurobiological systems, with many apparent redundancies. For instance, many mental disorders involve multiple disruptions in putative mechanistic factors (e.g., excessive fear, deficient impulse control), and different disrupted mechanisms appear to play major roles in many disorders. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework is a heuristic to facilitate the incorporation of behavioral neuroscience in the study of psychopathology. Such integration might be achieved by shifting the central research focus …

An Exploratory Analysis Of The Use Of Cognitive,Adaptive And Behavioural Indices For Cluster Analysis Of Asd Subgroups, Vicki Bitsika, Christopher Sharpley, Sharon Orapeleng

Vicki Bitsika

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes symptoms that vary in severity and frequency between children. Consequently, multiple psychometric assessment procedures are recommended to detect an ASD, including scales which asses the presence and nature of ASD-related behaviour. However, to date, few studies have examined the relative and specific contribution which such behaviourally oriented scales can make to the diagnosis of individual children with ASD. Method Cluster analysis was used to explore the common characteristics of a group of 53 preschool and elementary school children with an ASD, based upon scores on tests of cognitive ability, adaptive behaviour and behavioural checklists …

Arousal, Working Memory, And Conscious Awareness In Contingency Learning, Louise D. Cosand, Thomas M. Cavanagh, Ashley A. Brown, Christopher G. Courtney, Anthony J. Rissling, Anne M. Schell, Michael E. Dawson

Thomas M. Cavanagh

The Emerging New Human Being, The Culture-In-The-Self, And Ahp's New Multidimensional Intercultural Initiative, Carroy U. Ferguson

Carroy U "Cuf" Ferguson, Ph.D.

The emerging New Human Being will need to explore and come to terms with a phenomenon, operating deeply, uniquely, and diversely at a core level of all human beings on the planet. I call this phenomenon the “culture-in-the-Self,” a term coined some years ago by cofounders of Interculture Inc. What we commonly think of as culture is just the surface of this phenomenon, often appearing outwardly in the diverse “forms” of cultural scripts, beliefs, values, behaviors, and customs). I want to call attention to what goes on beneath surface culture(s), and how AHP intends to play a primary role in …

An Fmri Study Of Bilingual Sentence Comprehension And Workload, Mihoko Hasegawa, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.