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Articles 1 - 30 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Invisible Disability: A Review Of Hearing And Vision Impairment Challenges In The Workplace, Melissa Ann Aguinaldo
Invisible Disability: A Review Of Hearing And Vision Impairment Challenges In The Workplace, Melissa Ann Aguinaldo
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the factors related to individuals with vision and hearing impairments in organizational contexts within the United States. It overviews the definitions, current state, and U.S. legislation pertaining to individuals with disabilities in the workplace. The thesis reviews disclosure practices, psychological theories, and recommendations for supporting and accommodating individuals with hearing and vision disabilities. In reviewing these factors, this research aims to enhance understanding of the challenges faced by individuals with hearing and vision impairments in organizations and contribute to fostering inclusive and supportive work environments. The thesis also identifies areas for further research in order to advance …
Latinas In Leadership Positions In The United States: Theories, Characteristics, And Recommendations, Fernanda Ibanez
Latinas In Leadership Positions In The United States: Theories, Characteristics, And Recommendations, Fernanda Ibanez
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
In the United States, Latinas are one of the fastest growing populations in the workforce today. Despite increased presence in the labor market, it has not resulted in significant increases in the representation of Latinas in top and middle level leadership positions. This thesis details the current state of Latinas as leaders, as well as the theoretical background pertaining to leadership styles and challenges that Latinas face. Finally, the thesis aims to serve as a resource for Latinas currently occupying a leadership role, or looking to occupy one in the future, by offering recommendations of characteristics and behaviors that relate …
Quiet Quitting: Navigating An Old Phenomenon In The New Normal, Eilish Keane
Quiet Quitting: Navigating An Old Phenomenon In The New Normal, Eilish Keane
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Quiet quitting is a recently popularized trend that has taken the workplace by storm following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The term is not clear or easily defined, described by some as an anti-work philosophy and by others as healthy boundary setting. This review explores the evidence that quiet quitting is occurring, similar concepts from the I-O literature that appear highly similar to quiet quitting (i.e., disengagement, work-life balance), how Job Demands-Resources Theory may apply, the potential role of the psychological contract, how the pandemic uniquely contributed to the trend, recommendations for addressing or preventing quiet quitting in the …
Trainee Perceptions Of Structured On-The-Job Training (Ojt): The Impact Of Trainer Experience And Use Of Structured Ojt Guides, Jessica Nicole Cooperstein
Trainee Perceptions Of Structured On-The-Job Training (Ojt): The Impact Of Trainer Experience And Use Of Structured Ojt Guides, Jessica Nicole Cooperstein
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This research study investigated the influence of trainer experience on the trainer’s use of directive behaviors and communication clarity in structured on-the-job training (OJT) and how those variables, in turn, impacted trainee perceptions. It was predicted that trainer experience would be positively related to trainer characteristics (directive behaviors and communication clarity), and that the use of structured OJT guides would have a conditional impact on this relationship. It was also predicted that trainer characteristics would be positively related to trainee perceptions. Finally, it was predicted that the conditional relationship of trainer experience and use of structured OJT guides would influence …
Perspective Taking: A Tool For Improving Team Member Relationships And Performance, Mikayla Ann Marcinkowski
Perspective Taking: A Tool For Improving Team Member Relationships And Performance, Mikayla Ann Marcinkowski
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Researchers and practitioners alike are interested in ways to help teams reach their full potential. In the current research, perspective taking is presented and tested as a tool that can help teams build and maintain positive interpersonal relationships and achieve top performance. Further, the current research integrates several conceptualizations of perspective taking to acknowledge that while some people may be more inclined to engage in perspective taking behaviors, there is the potential to train perspective taking as a skill for those who are not. Thus, this research also tests the effectiveness of a perspective taking intervention focused on encouraging the …
Relationship Building In E-Negotiation: Dyadic Effects On Subjective Negotiation Outcomes, Mounica Reddy
Relationship Building In E-Negotiation: Dyadic Effects On Subjective Negotiation Outcomes, Mounica Reddy
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
E-negotiation is a critical activity that is becoming a new reality (Sokolova et al., 2006), however, the e-negotiation environment lends itself to fewer informative cues than the face-to-face environment. The ability to maintain relationships with parties and negotiate with them in the future increases the negotiator’s bargaining power and could be important beyond economic outcomes (Curhan & Brown, 2011). This study investigates the link between relationship-building and subjective values in negotiation, and how the negotiation medium may change this relationship. Subjective values of rapport, trustworthiness, and interest in future interaction were predicted to both differ by e-negotiation and face-to-face negotiation …
The Impact Of Workplace Protections On Worker Wellbeing During The Covid Pandemic, Brooke Nyberg
The Impact Of Workplace Protections On Worker Wellbeing During The Covid Pandemic, Brooke Nyberg
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
During the pandemic, workers have been affected in a variety of ways. COVID-19’s impact has permeated through all communities and has more harshly affected minority communities such as Black communities, and those deemed as essential workers. Although, in this study there were no differences between Black and White perceptions of COVID-related risks or job insecurity. The negative effects of these increased risks were expected to be buffered by protective practices such as following the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) suggestions and by supervisors practicing family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSBs), however results showed that these did not act as buffers. …
Understanding Teamwork Using Dynamic Network Models, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
Understanding Teamwork Using Dynamic Network Models, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Studying team processes is critical to understanding how teams work to achieve team outcomes. To effectively study team processes, behavioral activities team members enact must be measured with sufficient granularity and intensity. Analyzing the detailed mechanics of team processes requires employing analytical methods sensitive to modeling the series of actions and interactions of team members as they execute taskwork and teamwork over time. Current empirical investigation of team processes lags with respect to intricately measuring and assessing team processes over time. Using dynamic network models, this dissertation sought to understand the behaviors responsible for interaction patterns amongst team members, how …
Social Identity Threat: Implications For Coachability, Lauren Zervos
Social Identity Threat: Implications For Coachability, Lauren Zervos
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
A key predictor of employee performance and effective coaching interactions, coachability is defined as an individual’s willingness and ability to seek, be receptive to, and act on constructive feedback from others (Weiss & Merrigan, 2021). As such, it was predicted that there are certain social-psychological phenomena that impact one’s coachability. One phenomenon, social identity threat, referring to a threat to the self-aspect derived from membership in a particular social group or category (Steele et al., 2002; Tajfel & Turner, 2004), was used to explain the link between certain contextual and individual variables and employee coachability behaviors. Specifically, it was predicted …
Adjustment To Remote Work During Covid-19, Nicholas Carruth
Adjustment To Remote Work During Covid-19, Nicholas Carruth
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
In this study, several candidate antecedents to job satisfaction and subjective well-being were tested in a sample of remote workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 126) responded to an online survey. Drawing from boundary and person-environment fit theories, the effect of segmentation preferences on these outcomes was tested. Psychological detachment, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict were proposed as distinct candidate mediators in these relationships. Additionally, organizational segmentation culture, trait mindfulness, job demand, and household size were evaluated as potential moderators of these indirect effects. Results largely do not support these moderated-mediation hypotheses. However, segmentation preferences were found to …
How Individual Differences And The Use Of Humor Shape Relationships In Teams Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
How Individual Differences And The Use Of Humor Shape Relationships In Teams Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Due to its ability to influence social interactions and relationships, humor can play an important role in team dynamics. The aims of this project are to examine how team member individual differences in humor styles relates to the expression of humor over time, and how humor usage shapes relationships between team members. Hypotheses were tested using data from highly interdependent teams working together over an extended period. Results have implications for the selection of team members, and the training and management of unique teams. In all, this research provides validation evidence for the HSQ measure as a predictor of humor …
An Examination Of Employee Coachability And Managerial Coaching In Organizations, Jake Alexander Weiss
An Examination Of Employee Coachability And Managerial Coaching In Organizations, Jake Alexander Weiss
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Volatile, complex, and ambiguous work environments require organizations to focus on continuous employee development and performance improvement across all organizational levels. As a result, organizational development (OD) practices for employee development rapidly increased throughout the past decade. One such vital individualized training intervention – organizational coaching – facilitates continuous behavioral change, development, and performance improvement across employees (Joo et al., 2012). Researchers, like practitioners, though, often examine coaching in isolation, focusing on the coach without considering the impact those being coached (i.e., coachees) have on the success of the coaching process. Coachees’ ability to seek, thoughtfully consider, act, and change …
Human Resource Initiatives Addressing Factors Impacting Organizational Gender Stratification And Performance: A Computational Study, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
Human Resource Initiatives Addressing Factors Impacting Organizational Gender Stratification And Performance: A Computational Study, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Women remain underrepresented in the upper echelons of organizational management, which is known as organizational gender stratification (OGS). Individual processes, such as differential career choices between men and women, contribute to OGS, along with organizational processes, such as bias in performance appraisal evaluations. Furthermore, these factors hold implications for organizational workforce potential if promotion decisions depend on biased performance evaluations. The literature lacks an integration of these factors in examining their combinatorial dynamic effects, as well as an assessment of practical steps organizations can take to combat the cultivation of OGS. This study has two primary purposes. First, it examines …
The Influence Of Team Cohesion And Contextual Performance On Project Team Performance Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
The Influence Of Team Cohesion And Contextual Performance On Project Team Performance Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Theory and empirical research suggest that team cohesion and contextual performance relate to team performance. However, while general support exists for a team cohesion and contextual performance relationship, less is known about the how the relationship evolves over time. This study aimed to examine the extent to which team cohesion and contextual performance reciprocally relate over time. Data were collected from 245 individuals comprising 40 student project teams engaged in the Capsim business simulation over a 10-week quarter. Results supported hypothesis 1; based on a cross-lagged path model, a stronger relationship exists between contextual performance at time point 1 and …
A Computational Cognitive Architecture For Exploring Team Mental Models, Neil Benoit Outland
A Computational Cognitive Architecture For Exploring Team Mental Models, Neil Benoit Outland
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Team Mental Models (TMM) are one of the strongest predictors of team behavior and performance. TMM direct team behaviors through the series of tasks they perform over time. Research in the area, although crucial in demonstrating the effect of TMM, has been largely static, failing to articulate specifically how TMM emerge or function in teams over time. This dissertation develops a computational model to explicate the process of TMM emergence and demonstrate necessary factors. First, I explain the core concepts of TMM emergence, including team composition, dyadic interactions, and contextual variables. Second, I develop a process-oriented theory of TMM development …
What Boundaries? Work-Family Boundary Management Style And The Impact On Black Entrepreneurs’ Satisfaction And Well-Being, Amber S.C. Rouse
What Boundaries? Work-Family Boundary Management Style And The Impact On Black Entrepreneurs’ Satisfaction And Well-Being, Amber S.C. Rouse
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The appeal and interest in entrepreneurship as a viable career alternative has grown significantly in recent years. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total number of U.S. firms has increased by 2%, from 27.1 million in 2007 to 27.6 million in 2012 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). Further, the number of minority-owned firms in the U.S. has risen from 5.8 million in 2007 to 8.0 million in 2012. One perspective for the recent rise in entrepreneurship is that individuals may turn to self-employment to gain greater autonomy in how they manage the boundaries between their work and family lives. Boundary …
Effects Of Personality Retesting On Validity Coefficients As Moderated By Situational Strength, Daniel R. Abben
Effects Of Personality Retesting On Validity Coefficients As Moderated By Situational Strength, Daniel R. Abben
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The use of valid selection tests enables organizations to better select employees who have the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that are necessary for success. While cognitive ability tests are one of the best predictors of performance, they have well-known limitations. Specifically, they can result in adverse impact, and there is clear evidence of retest effects. The use of personality tests, when included in a selection battery, can ameliorate adverse impact and can provide incremental validity. Personality tests, however, also have limitations. Namely, they can be faked, the construct can be measured in various ways (i.e., there are myriad …
Toward Pay Equity: A Motivational Intervention To Reduce Gender Differences In Salary Negotiations, Mary Margaret Keegin
Toward Pay Equity: A Motivational Intervention To Reduce Gender Differences In Salary Negotiations, Mary Margaret Keegin
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
A persistent wage gap exists between women and men in the United States (Catalyst, 2015; Hegewisch, Ellis, & Hartmann, 2015). Although the reasons behind the wage gap are extremely complex, one of the methods through which pay equity may be reached could involve altering the way people approach their goals at the bargaining table, especially since women tend to underperform relative to men in salary negotiations (Mazei, Hüffmeier, Freund, Stuhlmacher, Bilke, & Hertel, 2015). Salary negotiations represent a critical piece of the pay equity puzzle, particularly when individuals are starting their careers. If equally qualified men and women begin their …
Effects Of Pedagogical Agent Design On Training Evaluation Measures: A Meta-Analysis, Timothy J. Quesnell
Effects Of Pedagogical Agent Design On Training Evaluation Measures: A Meta-Analysis, Timothy J. Quesnell
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Pedagogical agents are, "conversational virtual characters employed in electronic learning environments to serve various instructional functions" (Veletsianos & Miller, 2008). They can take a variety of forms, and have been designed to serve various instructional roles, such as mentors, experts, motivators, and others. Given the increased availability and sophistication of technology in recent decades, these agents have become increasingly common as facilitators to training in educational settings, private institutions, and the military. Software to aid in the creation of pedagogical agents is widely available. Additionally, software use and agent creation often requires little formal training, affording nearly anyone the opportunity …
Individual And Contextual Factors And The Efficacy Of An Experiential Sexism Intervention, Samantha M. Smith
Individual And Contextual Factors And The Efficacy Of An Experiential Sexism Intervention, Samantha M. Smith
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a sexism-focused diversity training program. More specifically, this study examined the direct and indirect relationships between individual characteristics (i.e., gender, self-efficacy, and reactance), contextual factors (i.e., organizational diversity climate) and diversity training outcomes and training transfer. To test hypotheses, graduate and undergraduate students participated in a two-stage study (baseline and intervention stages), with the intervention consisting of a 90-minute sexism-focused diversity training workshop. Data from one hundred and forty participants were retained for regression analyses. Results suggest the workshop was generally effective at reducing endorsement of sexist attitudes, improving …
Proactive Workplace Bullying In Teams: Test Of A Rational And Moral Model Of Aggression, Anthony S. Colaneri
Proactive Workplace Bullying In Teams: Test Of A Rational And Moral Model Of Aggression, Anthony S. Colaneri
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This study tested part of a recently developed theoretical model of proactive workplace aggression put forth by Dixon, Chang, and Johnson (2015). The model postulates distinct motives underlying why perpetrators will morally justify their aggressive behavior, dependent upon the relative in/out-group status and relative hierarchical status of the target. Participants from Amazon’s MTurk community were shown one of four vignettes that described a team workplace scenario where the participant was presented with the choice to act aggressively toward a coworker in order to help facilitate the team’s goal. All four of the model’s dyadic perpetrator-target relationships were represented, but the …
The Impact Of Conformity And Qualifications On Perceptions Of Power, Competency, And First Offers In Negotiations, Scott Mcluckie
The Impact Of Conformity And Qualifications On Perceptions Of Power, Competency, And First Offers In Negotiations, Scott Mcluckie
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Norm violations typically result in negative consequences and perceptions towards the transgressor; however, recent research has indicated that violating norms may result in positive outcomes if the transgressor was perceived as high status (Bellezza, Gino, & Keinan, 2014). Negotiators in a job hiring process might have their own set of social norms that they are expected to follow, such as the attire they should wear to a negotiation. A violation of one of these norms may have an impact on the perceptions of the job applicant, and thus, alter the negotiation process for a starting job offer. It was hypothesized …
Cooperation And Facets Of Psychological Collectivism As Antecedents Of Team Mental Model Similarity, Neal Benoit Outland
Cooperation And Facets Of Psychological Collectivism As Antecedents Of Team Mental Model Similarity, Neal Benoit Outland
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigated the role of facets of trait psychological collectivism (Preference, Reliance, Concern, and Goal-Priority) and the personality trait cooperativeness in the development of Team Mental Models. Team Mental Models (TMMs) are shared representations of a work team’s context that aid a team in directing behaviors and coordinating actions. I utilized Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro’s (2001) taxonomy of team processes to explicate and test a model detailing the role of composition in TMM development. Data were collected from 35 teams of 5 individuals who completed a computer simulation in which the team interdependently replicated pictures using blocks. Multiple regression …
The Effects Of Sexual Orientation And Behavioral Style On Perceptions Of Leadership Potential And Effectiveness, Kristin Elizabeth Mann
The Effects Of Sexual Orientation And Behavioral Style On Perceptions Of Leadership Potential And Effectiveness, Kristin Elizabeth Mann
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This research explored the influences that sexual orientation and gender norm adherence play in impacting perceptions of a leader’s hirability into and evaluation within a leadership role. Though sexual minority issues in the workplace represent a growing field of research, investigations into sexual orientation’s impact on outcomes relevant to leadership remain scant. As increasing numbers of openly gay and lesbian men and women take positions of leadership, there is a need for more information regarding the experiences of sexual minority leaders, with potential benefits to these individuals, their organizations, and related stakeholders. The research conducted here was intended to address …
Competency Modeling As An Organizational Development Intervention, Sarah Michelle Haynes
Competency Modeling As An Organizational Development Intervention, Sarah Michelle Haynes
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The practice of competency modeling has been widely applied as a strategic human resource initiative in the United States and abroad (Schuler & Jackson, 2005). It is estimated that 70–80% of Fortune 500 companies use some form of competency modeling within their talent management programs to define and/or measure work performance (Stone, Webster & Schoonover, 2013). This widespread popularity is likely explained by the many proposed benefits of competency modeling adoption. Some of these benefits include directly linking future-oriented talent requirements to business objectives and strategies, integrating talent programs across HR functions, and offering a more flexible and adaptable method …
"I'M Sure He Didn't Mean It That Way": The Influence Of Leader Characteristics On Perceptions Of Everyday Sexism, Samantha M. Smith
"I'M Sure He Didn't Mean It That Way": The Influence Of Leader Characteristics On Perceptions Of Everyday Sexism, Samantha M. Smith
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of organizational leaders to facilitate the experience of everyday sexism in the workplace by influencing individual perceptions and acceptance of sexist behaviors. Rationale for hypotheses is presented under a social information processing framework. Social and organizational consequences of leader likability and idiosyncrasy credits are also discussed. It was hypothesized that particular leader characteristics (e.g., leader likability) and individual differences (gender identification and stigma consciousness) impact perceptions of bias. Female MTurk workers viewed a video of a female employee describing her male supervisor in a 2 (Leader Likability: high vs. low) …
Examining The Intersection Of Gender And Age On Backlash Effects In Negotiations, Amber Cotton
Examining The Intersection Of Gender And Age On Backlash Effects In Negotiations, Amber Cotton
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Backlash effects are the social and economic sanctions for women, but not men, when exhibiting masculine and agentic traits such as assertiveness. This social disincentive has been suggested to account for women’s decreased likelihood to initiate negotiations relative to men. One question that extends from prior findings is how other demographic characteristics (i.e., age) might intersect with gender differences in the experience of backlash in negotiations. Using role congruity theory, research on backlash effects in negotiations and age stereotypes as additional theoretical underpinnings, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the extent to which an individual’s gender (male …
The Influence Of Team Prosocial Motivation On Emergent States And Shared Leadership, Tyree David Mitchell
The Influence Of Team Prosocial Motivation On Emergent States And Shared Leadership, Tyree David Mitchell
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Despite the growing body of research on shared leadership, relatively little is known about the antecedents of shared leadership. The following study examined the effects of team prosocial motivation on team emergent states (i.e., team empowerment, psychological safety) and shared leadership. Drawing on motivational theories (e.g., self-determination theory), it was hypothesized that team empowerment and psychological safety would mediate the relationship between team prosocial motivation and shared leadership. Also, in line with the social identity and self-categorization perspectives, it was hypothesized that team surface-level diversity (racial diversity, gender diversity, faultline strength) would moderate the effects of team prosocial motivation on …
Understanding Perceived Overqualification: Expanding The Criterion Space, Establishing Drivers, And Developing A Model, Gregory Francis Fernandes
Understanding Perceived Overqualification: Expanding The Criterion Space, Establishing Drivers, And Developing A Model, Gregory Francis Fernandes
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
As applicants with more qualifications enter the workforce and managers reject individuals with more skills than a job requires, overqualification grows in importance to organizations. Perceived overqualification, or an individual’s self-perception as overqualified, is an under-researched topic, however. This dissertation outlines a theoretical model for understanding both how perceived overqualification develops and how it impacts outcomes. Results show that generalized self-efficacy and objective overqualification predict perceived overqualification. Furthermore, perceived overqualification affects state positive affect, job satisfaction, absenteeism, and self-esteem through justice perceptions. Implications for future research and practice are also detailed.
Naturalistic Allocation: Working Memory And Cued-Attention Effects On Resource Allocation, Shanique G. Brown
Naturalistic Allocation: Working Memory And Cued-Attention Effects On Resource Allocation, Shanique G. Brown
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The allocation of resources is a ubiquitous decision making task. In the workplace, resource allocation, in the context of multiple task and/or work demands, is significantly related to task performance as the commitment of more resources generally results in better performance on a given task. I apply both resource and naturalistic decision making theories to better understand resource allocation behavior and related performance. Resource theories suggest that individuals have limited cognitive capacity: limited capacity may limit performance in dynamic situations such as situations that involve the allocation of attentional resources. Additionally, the naturalistic decision making framework highlights the role of …