Psychology Commons^™

The Political Psychology Of Balance, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some political consequences of psychological balance theories.

Cognitive Complexity And The International Monetary Fund: An $18 Billion Question, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes two common political positions on the Clinton Administration's proposal to allocate an additional $18 billion to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and then offers a less common position. The three positions may be differentiated by the psychological construct of cognitive complexity.

A Positive Psychological Theory Of Judging In Hindsight, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Counting In A Computerized Testing Paradigm, Michael J. Beran, Duane M. Rumbaugh, E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh

Language Research Center

Using computer-mediated joystick manipulation, the ability of a common chimpanzee(Pan troglodytes) to select arrays of items equal to a given target number was examined. A random dot condition was included in which all sequence cues were eliminated as a means to reach the target numbers 1 to 4. The participant, Austin, had only the quantity of items already selected as a record of how high the count had progressed. Performance on the random dot trials was found to be significantly above chance and improvement over time was also statistically significant. Results of this experiment provide evidence that Austin behaved …

Changes In Patterns Of Thinking About Motion With L2 Acquisition, Gale Stam

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Conduct Disorder Questionnaire, Dwayne L. Milam

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Conduct disorder is characterized by a pattern of rule violation in which the rights of those associated with the individual and society are violated. Frequently there are many problems at home, school, and within the community. Without early diagnosis and treatment these problems escalate. Many different techniques and assessment tools have been used to identify these individuals. Most rely on collateral informants, such as parents and teachers. Others are time consuming or not developed to specifically identify conduct disorder. The Conduct Disorder Questionnaire was developed by the author to address these issues. The questionnaire is a brief, easily scored self-report …

Solution-Focused Approach To Therapy : An Overview Of The Literature, Gail L. Garwood

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Solution-Focused Therapy philosophy, including some of its basic assumptions and their application in therapy. In doing so, the history of the development of Solution-Focused Therapy will be examined. Covered in this review is a summary of some of the elements borrowed from Social Constructionism and traditional therapies. The underlying assumptions of Solution-Focused Therapy to be examined include its focus on strengths, its particular view of reality (especially in regard to how expectations and the use of language affect outcome), and understanding change.

The therapist's conceptualization of the client …

Alcohol, Pregnancy And The Developing Child, Sandra J. Kelly

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Perception Of Mode, Rhythm, And Contour In Unfamiliar Melodies: Effects Of Age And Experience, Andrea R. Halpern, James C. Bartlett, W. Jay Dowling

Faculty Journal Articles

We explored the ability of older (60-80 years old) and younger (18-23 years old) musicians and nonmusicians to judge the similarity of transposed melodies varying on rhythm, mode, and/or contour (Experiment 1) and to discriminate among melodies differing only in rhythm, mode, or contour (Experiment 2). Similarity ratings did not vary greatly among groups, with tunes differing only by mode being rated as most similar. In the same/different discrimination task, musicians performed better than nonmusicians, but we found no age differences. We also found that discrimination of major from minor tunes was difficult for everyone, even for musicians. Mode is …

Promoting The Moral And Conceptual Development Of Law Enforcement Officers: A Deliberate Psychological Educational Approach, Barbara M. Morgan

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Promoting The Cognitive Development Of High-Risk College Students Through A Study/Life Skills Seminar, Sandra Ann Loew

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

A Cognitive Development Approach To Professional Ethics Training For Counselor Education Students, Nicole Marie Chase

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The study examined the effects of integrating a cognitive-developmental approach with professional ethics training on the moral and conceptual development, self-presentation styles, and ethical decision-making skills of graduate counseling students. The sample was comprised of students who enrolled in counseling courses at the College of William and Mary. The ethics intervention group was compared to two groups; one group who received the traditionally taught ethics course, and one group who had not taken the ethics course at William and Mary. Instruments used included the Defining Issues Test (DIT), Paragraph Completion Method (PCM), and Concern For Appropriateness scale (CFA). Students were …

Adults "Making Meaning" At Colonial Williamsburg: A Descriptive Study Of Planners' Intentions And Audience Members' Constructions Of The 1996 History Forum, Joan Ellen Casey

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Forecasts reveal an increase in the percentage of mid to older adults in the U. S. and the need of educational programs for lifelong learners. In recognition of changing demographics, the American Association of Museums urged its member institutions to place a high priority on adult programs and research into learning. While museums have experienced changes in adapting to environmental conditions and more explicit educative mission, professionals have noticed the emergence of a meaning-making, constructivist paradigm.;Previously, no study dealt with the mental constructions adults have or form as they interface with a multi-faceted museum program such as the History Forum …

The Relationship Between Counselor Education And Moral Development, Conceptual Development And Self-Actualization, Jered Benjamin Kolbert

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Psychosocial Correlates Of Cigarette Smoking Among Tertiary Students, Tina Hankins

Theses : Honours

The present study was undertaken to examine the relative contribution of psychosocial variables toward tertiary student smoking behaviour, and their ability to distinguish smokers from non-smokers, or smokers from ex-smokers, amongst this population. Given the higher prevalence of cigarette smoking amongst females of this age group, the psychosocial variables distinguishing female smokers from female non-smokers in the tertiary education system were also examined. It was hypothesised that smoking status of tertiary students would be associated more with their attitude toward smoking than environmental factors. Furthermore, it was hypothesised females would place less emphasis on participation in sporting activities than males, …

Attentional, Instructional, And Depth Effects On Retrieval Estimates, Jennifer Vonk

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Much evidence has been presented in support of the view that deeper levels of processing (DOP) during encoding lead to substantial increases in explicit memory performance. The effects of DOP on implicit memory performance have been much more controversial. We attempted to find evidence to support the idea that deeper processing may influence automatic retrieval processes and that contradictory findings from the process dissociation procedure (PDP) may have resulted from the underestimation of automatic retrieval. This underestimation would result when automatic (A) and conscious retrieval (C) processes are positively correlated rather than independent as the PDP model suggests. We found …

Assessing The Separate Contributions Of Recollection And Familiarity For The Mirror Effect: A Process Dissociation Approach, Elvin Dobani

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In four separate experiments, we employed Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation procedure (PDP) to evaluate the extent to which the mirror effect in recognition memory can be accounted for by recollection and In the first experiment, participants listened to two study lists of words, one in a female voice and the other in a male voice. Their memory for one set of words was gauged via an inclusion test, while their recognition of the other set was gauged via an exclusion test As predicted, a significant mirror effect was observed for both the inclusion and exclusion conditions, and the PDP recollection …

Evaluating Elaborative Interrogation's Efficacy With Expository Text, Rhonda Leah Boudreau

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study investigated whether elaborative interrogation would be an effective learning strategy with lengthy expository text. One hundred undergraduates (65 females and 35 males) comprised the study’s 5 groups: a) naturalistic elaborative interrogation, b) self-study, c) repetition, d) elaborative interrogation with pre-underlined main ideas; and, e) elaborative interrogation with pre-underlined main ideas plus structured ‘why’ questions. The expectation was that elaborative interrogation would prove to be a potent learning strategy relative to lower-order strategies (e.g., repetition); and that, when using expository text, students may require some supports to maximize the strategy’s gains. All students read an eight page passage on …

Changes In Environmental Context And The Mirror Effect In Recognition Memory, Craig Andrew Livermore

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The present study examined the effect of environmental context on the mirror effect in recognition memory. In seven experiments, participants studied either high (HF) and low-frequency (LF) or noun and nonnoun pairs of words followed in a old/new item recognition test by which proportion correct, response time, and confidence judgments were measured. Single item or word pair targets and distractors were presented in same- or different-context conditions. Context was defined as the unique combination of foreground and background colour and position on a computer screen for two experiments while position was removed as a context variable for five experiments due …

Changes In Patterns Of Thinking About Motion With L2 Acquisition, Gale Stam

Gale Stam, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.