Political Science Commons^™

The Development Of International Law In Relation To Crimes Against Humanity, Nikki Redelijk

Global Tides

This paper will look at the development of international law in relation to crimes against humanity. First, juridically applied at the Nuremberg Trials, crimes against humanity has historically offered a compelling juxtaposition between naturalist and positivist law. Hence, this paper attempts to shed light on these juxtapositions, as seen by the respective arguments taken up by the Allies and Germany at Nuremberg. Likewise, this paper will illustrate the complexities within the definition itself. Finally, this paper will clarify the differing definitions taken up at the various tribunals following Nuremberg, leading up to the Rome Statute. It is a hope, that …

The Right-Wing Attacks On The Academic Left In India, Raju J. Das

Class, Race and Corporate Power

While right-wing attacks on the ideas of democracy and socialism in academia are a worldwide trend, in the remainder of the paper, I will focus on India, considered to be the largest democracy in the world. India has become a hotbed of right-wing politics, led by an authoritarian Hindu-nationalist government of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). There are various reasons why this has happened which this paper will not discuss (Das, 2020a; Jaffrelot, 2021; Vanaik, 2017). Suffice to say that the BJP is the political wing of the fascistic paramilitary organization called RSS (or, National Volunteer Corps) which, in part …

Academic Marxism In The Crosshairs: What Is At Stake In The U.S.?, Robert E. Latham

Class, Race and Corporate Power

This essay considers the nature of attacks on academic Marxism in North America, still the center of capitalist power worldwide. Its main aim is to reflect on what is at stake in the surge of anti-Marxism associated with the right, specifically relating to the academy. While the far left poses little threat to the core of liberal capitalist power in the state and economy (and if anything is helping “do work” for the centre against the far right), the far right has made Marxism, especially academic Marxism, a core target and framing for its battle against liberal power and the …

Preface, Raju J. Das, Robert E. Latham

Class, Race and Corporate Power

The three articles were originally presented as papers on a panel organized by Robert Latham, at the Socialist Studies Conference at York University in 2023. While more or less focused on Marxism in academia, the articles deal with different regional contexts: Hyun Ok Park deals with South Korea, Robert Latham with the US, and Raju Das with India.

Building Global Labor Solidarity: Where We Are Today (Early 2024), Kim Scipes

Class, Race and Corporate Power

Labor activists have long-been encouraging workers to build international labor solidarity to empower each other and to improve all workers’ lives and well-being going back to before the First International. This tradition, while dismembered by the Cold War between the US and the UK on one hand and the Soviet Union on the other, has been resuscitated since the 1970s, with efforts by activists, scholars, and some workers to build cross-national border solidarity across the globe for workers, an effort that is growing.

This paper details these efforts, dividing the work between 1978-2011 and 2011 to today, listing some of …

Capitalism, Global Militarism, And Canada’S Investment In The Caribbean, Tamanisha J. John

Class, Race and Corporate Power

At the end of the 1990s, there existed a belief that a growing Canadian military involvement in the Caribbean region was unlikely if it was not associated with Canada’s interest in Latin America (Klepak 1996). This view had such a large impact that today there is a dearth of information on Canada’s military involvement in the Caribbean region. Lacking systematic investigation, two myths have perpetuated: first that Canada has no stake or interest in Caribbean security, insofar as those interests cannot be tied to Canada’s interests in Latin America; and second, that all expressions of Canada’s involvement in Caribbean security …

Political Symbolism In Literature: Themes Of Colonialism, Corruption, And Greed, Ava E. Briglevich

FUSION

This Final Essay for World Literature Section 008 compares the texts “In the Penal Colony” by Franz Kafka and “Death Constant Beyond Love” by Gabriel Garcia-Marquez while analyzing themes of colonialism, corruption, and greed. Both authors are recognized for producing works rich with political and social commentary, and reading these stories allows one to gain new perspectives on these themes. In this essay, I share insight into the events that occurred during the stories' creation that contribute to the overall themes. Additionally, I connect these themes to modern events to demonstrate how the ideas put forth by Kafka and Garcia-Marquez …

The Effective Of The Chinese Position Towards The Achievement Of Palestinian Political Goals, Alaa Aldeek, Jun Ding

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

The political process between the Palestinians and the Israelis did not lead to the establishment of an independent and sovereign Palestinian state in accordance with the settlement option that led to the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, or as stipulated in international legitimacy. Accordingly, there has been a great debate within the Palestinian arena about the effectiveness and importance of the negotiating option in achieving Palestinian political goals in the future. China supports a negotiated political solution, provided the firm and consistent implementation of international law and international resolutions towards resolving the Palestinian issue, and that Israel and …

Teaching College In The High School: Unique Features And Challenges Of Site-Based Dual Enrollment, Paul Williams

Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges

After a sharp decline associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, 2023 marked two consecutive years of increase in the number of freshman and high-school dual enrollees, with under-18-year-olds driving a disproportionate share of this growth. The rising importance of this latter student group presents new opportunities for colleges as well as underappreciated challenges rooted precisely in the high-school locale of concurrent Dual Enrollment courses. While some known stumbling blocks to effective college-level instruction for high school students are inherent in the age and lower maturity levels of the dominant age cohort, others stem from matters beyond the control of students and …

Latest Research (Summaries) On Charitable Giving, Angie Holzer

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Charitable Giving: Full Issue, Angie Holzer

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.

Nonprofits Should Adopt A User-Centric Change Model To Scale Corporate Environmental Action Faster, Doug Miller

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Pollution levels and ecosystem degradation continue to worsen, suggesting the insufficiency of current approaches to reverse these problematic trends. For environmental nonprofits, the current theory of change revolves around developing techno-economic analysis about environmental problems and available solutions, building public awareness around this analysis, and motivating decision makers to set goals. Given present environmental realities and the limited success of their current theory of change, environmental nonprofits should transform how they execute their work, what they produce, and how they coordinate with each other. Instead, nonprofits should begin putting the user—business decision makers as well as policymakers—front and center as …

Russia: Increased Corruption And Deterioration Of Freedom, Is There Hope?, Angie Holzer

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Since Vladimir Putin came to power in 2000, Russia has been plagued by widespread political corruption (Warren, 2023; Vasilev & Felton, 2024). This corruption has been characterized by the misuse of public funds, bribery, and extortion. It has also involved the suppression of political dissent and the erosion of democratic institutions. As corruption runs rampant within the Russian government, neighboring countries are also recipients of corrupt efforts to destabilize their governments, erode their democracy and jeopardize the support these neighboring countries can give to the security of Euruope as a whole (Stănescu, 2023). There is an increasing need for the …

Continuation And Interruption In The Maps Of Alliances And Regional Conflicts In The Arab World: The Arab Cooperation Council And The Cooperation Council For The Arab States Of The Gulf: A Comparative Study, Basma Tom

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to compare the elements of development and completion between the Arab Cooperation Council and the Gulf Cooperation Council and study the case of Arab integration to a new human renaissance in the Arab region. The study is based on a major hypothesis that: "There is a correlation between reviving the Arab integration project in light of the current regional and international changes and finding the Arab region its way out from the crisis، and its achievement of a comprehensive human renaissance ". To study this، both the descriptive analytical approach and the comparative approach were used. The …

Tribalism Manifestations In Tribal Conflicts In Southern West Bank, Mahmud Hammad, Daoud Al-Zeer

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed at answering the following main question: What are the manifestations of tribalism that appear in tribal conflicts in southern West Bank? This question is divided into three sub-questions that embodies the reasons for the emergence of tribalism: what are the most important forms of tribalism? And to what extent can these forms be overcome? The researchers used the qualitative method. To collect the data of the study, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted in-depth with well- experienced tribesmen from Bethlehem and Hebron Governorates. Results of the study showed that there are many reasons that stand behind tribalism and …

Challenges To Reindeer, Reciprocity, And Indigenous Sami Sovereignty Amidst The Impact Of Green Energy Developments, Lisa Heikka-Huber

IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Cal Poly Humboldt

The Indigenous people of Europe known as the Sami, (also spelled Saami) many of whom live throughout the world, have continued to maintain active nomadic communities today as their ancestors did. A wide spanning region of Northern Europe’s Arctic Zone or Sampi often referred to as Fennoscandia, encompasses four countries, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia’s Kola Peninsula (Roland & Löffler, 2012). The nomadic Sami people follow the migration pathways of their reindeer herds through the wilderness bi-annually. This paper will discuss many perspectives, including the battle Sami people and other Indigenous communities have endured while combating green energy development from …

موقف مجلس الأمن الدولي من التدخل الأجنبي في ليبيا 2011-2021 (دراسة مقارنة), Shaker Salem Hamdan Kharabsheh

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education (مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية (للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال إلى التعرف على موقف مجلس الأمن من التدخل العسكري في ليبيا، وقدّمت الدراسة إطاراً نظرياً لمفهوم التدخل وأنواعه ومشروعيته، واستعرضت الأسباب التي دفعت إلى التدخل العسكري في ليبيا ممثلةً بالفوضى الناجمة عن الربيع العربي. كما استعرضت الدراسة ظروف تدخل الناتو وتركيا في ليبيا. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن موقف مجلس الأمن الدولي من التدخل العسكري للناتو في ليبيا كان متوافقاً مع مصالح الدول العظمى في هذه الدولة، فالقرارات التي اتخذها المجلس بخصوص تدخل الناتو في ليبيا 2011 كانت ضمن إطار الفصل السابع من ميثاق الأمم المتحدة، والذي يتيح استخدام القوة ضد الدول، وكانت ذريعة التدخل في ليبيا هي انتهاك …

التحديات الداخلية والخارجية لإعادة بناء الدولة, Dena Sabeeh Masoud Shqair, Amin Awwad Muhanna Almashqbeh

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education (مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية (للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال التعرف على التحديات الداخلية والخارجية لإعادة بناء الدولة من خلال التعرف على الظروف التاريخية التي بلورت مفهوم إعادة بناء الدولة، وتسليط الضوء على عدد من التحديات الداخلية والخارجية السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والأمنية التي تحد من إعادة البناء. وانطلقت الدراسة من فرضية رئيسة مفادها أن "هناك علاقة ارتباطية بين عدد من التحديات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والأمنية الداخلية والخارجية وبين إعادة بناء الدولة"، وبعد توظيف المنهجية العلمية الملائمة لهذه الدراسة ممثلةً بالمنهج الوصفي التحليلي، اتضح صحة هذه الفرضية؛ إذ تبيّن أن التحديات الداخلية ممثلةً بغياب الديمقراطية، والفساد، والعنف السياسي، والبطالة، والفقر، والهجرة الخارجية، والتحديات الخارجية ممثلةً باللجوء والتدخل الخارجي، ذات …

أثر المحددات الاجتماعية على الأدوار السياسية للأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة في الأردن, Hazem Bishara Nayef Al-Hijazin, Amin Awwad Muhanna Almashqbeh

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education (مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية (للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال تحليل المحددات الاجتماعية المؤثرة على الأدوار السياسية للأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة في الأردن، وتحديد أثر المحددات الاجتماعية على الأدوار السياسية وأسباب المشاركة السياسية للأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة، ولقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المناهج التالية في الإجابة عن تساؤلاتها المنهج الإحصائي التحليلي، والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي، خلصت الدراسة إلى أن أكثر أشكال المشاركة السياسية لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة هي التصويت في الانتخابات، ثم العضوية النشطة في الجمعيات الخيرية، ومن ثم العضوية الفاعلة في مؤسسات المجتمع المدني، ووجود تأثير سلبي للمحددات الاجتماعية على الأدوار السياسية للأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة في الأردن، وبناء على نتائج الدراسة فإنها توصي بضرورة الاهتمام بذوي الإعاقة في الأردن بشكل أكثر ايجابية، …

تأثير المنظمات الاقتصادية الدولية على التنمية الإقتصادية في الوطن العربي دراسة حالة الأردن (1990م-2020م), Zaid Ghaleb Al-Hyari, Muhammad Hamad Al-Katatsheh

Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education (مجلة اتحاد الجامعات العربية (للبحوث في التعليم العالي

هدف المقال الى معرفة تأثير المنظمات الإقتصادية الدولية على التنمية الإقتصادية في الأردن خلال الفترة (1990م-2020م)، وهي الفترة التي شهدت قيام الأردن بتبني العديد من برامج الإصلاح الإقتصادي المنبثقة عن المنظمات الإقتصادية الدولية متمثلةً بصندوق النقد والبنك الدوليين، وذلك من أجل النهوض بالتنمية الإقتصادية، والحد من الإختلالات الإقتصادية الخارجية والداخلية المتمثلة بإرتفاع نسبة المديونية وعجز الموازنة العامة، حيث هدفت تلك البرامج الى زيادة النمو الاقتصادي للأردن، ورفع الإنتاجية ومحاربة الفقر وتشجيع الإستثمار الأجنبي، وتعزيز قدرة الأردن على تحقيق التوازن الداخلي والخارجي للمدفوعات والمحافظة عليها، إلا ان نتائج البحث أظهرت على المدى الطويل فشل البرامج المطبقة في تحقيق أهدافها التنموية، على …

China's Use Of Nontraditional Strategic Landpower In Asia, Sheena Chestnut Greitens

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article argues that the People’s Republic of China uses its police and internal security forces as a nontraditional means of projecting strategic Landpower in the Indo-Pacific and Central Asia. Instead of limiting analysis of China’s power projection to military forces, this article employs new data on Chinese police engagements abroad to fill a gap in our understanding of the operating environment in Asia. Policymakers will gain an understanding of how these activities enhance China’s presence, partnerships, and influence across the region to inform the development of recommendations for a more effective response.

Parameters Spring 2024, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Rethinking The Relevance Of Self-Deterrence, Jeffrey H. Michaels

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Self-deterrence is critically understudied in deterrence theory. Similarly, deterrence practitioners prefer to focus on adversaries’ threats rather than seeking to account for the full scope of fears influencing the decision calculus of policymakers. Through historical case studies, this article identifies where self-deterrence has occurred, highlights the benefits of incorporating the concept in future strategic planning and intelligence assessments, and recommends that policymakers, strategists, and analysts acknowledge self-deterrence as an important factor when preparing for future wars.

Strategy As Problem-Solving, Andrew Carr

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article proposes a new definition of strategy as problem-solving that challenges the focus on goals and assumptions of order within many post–Cold War approaches to strategy. It argues that the military needs strategy to diagnose the complex problems of the twenty-first century before they can be solved. Inspired by practitioners such as Andrew Marshall and George F. Kennan, this new definition clarifies what strategists do and offers a logic for distinguishing the use of the term strategy. Practitioners will also find problem-solving tools and pedagogies they can adopt today.

From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Spring 2024 issue of Parameters. Readers will note a few differences in the formatting for this issue: we are now using endnotes instead of footnotes to facilitate switching from pdf to html via Adobe's Liquid App; also, readers will be able to click on each endnote number to view the full endnote and then switch back to the text to resume reading. Please drop us a note to let us know how you like the changes. More are coming!

International Law, Self-Defense, And The Israel-Hamas Conflict, Eric A. Heinze

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article examines the international law of self-defense as it applies to the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict to determine whether the October 2023 attacks by Hamas against Israel can be interpreted under Article 51 of the UN Charter as an “armed attack” that gives Israel the right to use military force in self-defense against non-state actors. It situates the conflict within ongoing legal and political debates, shows how this conflict fits into a changing global reality where the most dangerous security threats do not exclusively emanate from other states and concludes that Israel’s resort to force in the current conflict appears …

Us-Taiwan Relations And The Future Of The Liberal International Order, Christina Lai

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Strengthening ties with Taiwan is the best chance the United States has to preserve the liberal international order in Asia and improve its security relative to China. This study offers a normative perspective on how Taiwan can contribute to US-led international institutions and the Asian regional order and reduce conflict risk. It concludes with recommendations for the United States and its partners to integrate Taiwan into multilateral institutions in Asia.

Review Of Saul Alinsky And The Dilemmas Of Race: Community Organizing In The Postwar City // Review Of God And Community Organizing: A Covenantal Approach, William Droel

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Review Of Poverty, By America, Linda Plitt Donaldson

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.

Review Of No Guilty Bystander: The Extraordinary Life Of Bishop Thomas Gumbleton, Tom Cordaro

The Journal of Social Encounters

No abstract provided.