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Articles 1 - 30 of 110
Full-Text Articles in Geography
The 2026 Fifa Men’S World Cup Games: Implications For Cross-Border Travel In Cascadia, Border Policy Research Institute At Western Washington University
The 2026 Fifa Men’S World Cup Games: Implications For Cross-Border Travel In Cascadia, Border Policy Research Institute At Western Washington University
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The FIFA Men’s World Cup Games are coming to North America in 2026. The games will be held in 16 cities throughout North America, with Seattle hosting 6 games and Vancouver hosting 7, and undoubtedly selling out their respective stadium capacities. With the games being held in both Seattle and Vancouver, a mere 145 miles away from each other, many fans will be crossing the border between B.C. and Washington to attend events in both places. The Games present a rare opportunity to innovate and advance the cross-border travel experience in our region and build on past successes such as …
Jay Treaty And Indigenous Student Mobility Across The Canada-U.S. Border: A Focus On The Cascadia Region, Michael O'Shea
Jay Treaty And Indigenous Student Mobility Across The Canada-U.S. Border: A Focus On The Cascadia Region, Michael O'Shea
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This Border Brief describes the latest developments in the use of the Jay Treaty for international tuition waivers at U.S. and Canadian higher education institutions. It is based on research conducted through surveys, interviews, and the author’s previous publications to illustrate opportunities for universities and policy makers to support Indigenous student mobility across the Canada-U.S. border by recognizing the sovereignty and self-determination of Indigenous Nations.
Teleworking Across The Border: Insights From Cascadia, Andrzej Jakubowski
Teleworking Across The Border: Insights From Cascadia, Andrzej Jakubowski
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The COVID-19 Pandemic, supported by the rapid improvements in digital communication tools, has accelerated profound changes in how work is performed as millions worldwide started working remotely. Washington State and British Columbia were among the states/provinces with the highest percentage of people teleworking in the United States and Canada, respectively, mainly due to the developed industries of high technology, including the IT sector. However, as digital solutions allow for working from anywhere, they also boosted the rise of international virtual labor migration (cross-border telework), making labor mobility an even more diverse phenomenon. What remains an open question is whether telework …
Strengthening Collaboration Between Washington State And British Columbia, Ginny Broadhurst, Laurie D. Trautman
Strengthening Collaboration Between Washington State And British Columbia, Ginny Broadhurst, Laurie D. Trautman
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
There are a variety of benefits that arise from collaboration across the Canada-US border. In some sectors, the value of collaboration is measurable. For example, travel or trade volumes can be equated with specific economic benefits. This is the case with tourism and supply chain networks. There are traceable benefits associated with cross-border business integration and the development of a shared ‘innovation ecosystem’. However, how does one measure the value of having good relations with neighbors? Or the benefits that result from developing more resilient environmental and economic conditions that are created by joint responses to shared natural disasters? The …
Is There A Future For Arrivecan At The Land Border?, Andrzej Jakubowski, Laurie D. Trautman
Is There A Future For Arrivecan At The Land Border?, Andrzej Jakubowski, Laurie D. Trautman
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the introduction of a number of restrictions as governments around the world sought to implement border management tools that could protect public health. One such example was the ArriveCAN app, introduced by the Government of Canada in November 2020. This advanced data submission tool aimed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 by ensuring arrivals were vaccinated and by facilitating contact tracing. This Border Policy Brief provides a summary of the nearly two-year use of ArriveCAN as a border management tool during the pandemic. We consider its impact on passenger flows through the …
Regional Cross-Border Collaboration Between The U.S. & Canada, Border Policy Research Institute
Regional Cross-Border Collaboration Between The U.S. & Canada, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
On October 24th, 2018, the BPRI hosted a one-day forum to assess the state of cross-border collaboration between British Columbia and Washington State. The forum brought together regional experts from government, academia, and private industry to discuss the successes, barriers, and opportunities for cross-border collaboration across three ‘sectors’: transportation/infrastructure, business/economics, and the environment (see sidebar). U.S. Congressman Rick Larsen provided opening remarks about the region and Canadian Coast Guard Regional Director Brian Wooton gave a keynote address on collaboration in the marine environment. This Border Policy Brief highlights some of the findings from the forum, which illustrate the need for …
Cannabis In Cascadia: Impacts Of Legalization In The Region, Border Policy Research Institute
Cannabis In Cascadia: Impacts Of Legalization In The Region, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The policies regulating the use and sale of cannabis have historically been constructed differently in the United States and Canada, yet both countries had deemed recreational use to be illegal. Beginning in 2012, however, individual states in the U.S. began to legalize recreational cannabis, including Washington, Oregon, and most recently, California. In 2017, the Government of Canada passed similar legislation. If Canada’s legislation goes into effect in mid-2018, the West Coast of North America will become the only contiguous region where recreational consumption and sale of cannabis are permitted across multiple jurisdictions (see Map 1, next page). However, because cannabis …
Modernizing The Columbia River Treaty, Border Policy Research Institute
Modernizing The Columbia River Treaty, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In February of 2017, Western Washington University (WWU) and Northwest Indian College (NWIC) hosted a two-day symposium titled, “The Changing Environment and the Columbia River Treaty.” The purpose of the symposium was to develop public awareness and inform treaty negotiators from the U.S. and diplomats from Canada on key issues to address when modernizing the Treaty. This event brought together tribal and First Nations leaders, representatives from government and private industry, non-governmental organizations and academics to discuss the modernization of the Columbia River Treaty (CRT).
Changes In Canadian Shopping Visits To Northwest Washington, 2013-2016, Border Policy Research Institute
Changes In Canadian Shopping Visits To Northwest Washington, 2013-2016, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In 2013, the BPRI launched a long-term study to analyze the behavior of Canadians crossing the border to shop in Northwest Washington by counting the percentage of Canadian license plates in specified shopping locations along the Interstate 5 corridor. Our “license plate survey” includes data collected over the course of 6 weeks (3 days per week), for a total of 18 survey days in 2013 and 2016. This Border Policy Brief is a comparative analysis of the data collected in 2013, when the loonie averaged $0.97 USD, and data collected in 2016 in the same locations, when the loonie averaged …
Land-Based Freight Flows Between The Us And Its Nafta Neighbors, Border Policy Research Institute
Land-Based Freight Flows Between The Us And Its Nafta Neighbors, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This Brief provides an overview of the flow of goods between the U.S. and its two NAFTA neighbors, Canada and Mexico. For the U.S., the value and composition of freight that flows between its northern and southern borders varies significantly by port and region, and this variety inevitably has implications for border management policies and infrastructure investment needs. By providing an overview of the economic geography of the U.S.’s land-based trade with its NAFTA partners, this Brief seeks to inform decisions about border management and infrastructure investment, while also illustrating the value of cross-border trade to the U.S. economy.
Passenger Preclearance In The Pacific Northwest, Border Policy Research Institute
Passenger Preclearance In The Pacific Northwest, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
On March 16, 2015, the U.S. and Canada signed a Preclearance Agreement. The Agreement gives both countries the authority to implement passenger preclearance beyond the air mode (see sidebar) and expand to the land, rail, and marine modes of transportation. In addition, the Agreement enables Canada to request the U.S. to regularize existing U.S. immigration pre-inspection sites, namely at cruise, rail, and ferry terminals in British Columbia. This Border Policy Brief highlights rail and marine locations in the Pacific Northwest that will be affected by the Preclearance Agreement, and monetizes some of the benefits accrued to both travelers and operators …
Exchange Rates, Border Crossings, And Retail Sales In The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
Exchange Rates, Border Crossings, And Retail Sales In The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
One year ago, BPRI published a Border Brief analyzing the relationship between the Canada – U.S. exchange rate and crossing volumes in the Cascade Gateway (see Winter 2015 Border Brief). At that time, the decline in the value of the Canadian Dollar (CAD), which began significantly in mid-2013, had already influenced the volume of cross-border travel in the region and has continued to do so since. This Border Brief updates our previous analysis, and goes beyond crossing volumes to consider the economic impacts associated with the continued drop in Canadian cross-border travelers.
Monetizing Some Benefits Of Participation In Nexus, Christopher Dingman, Daniel Edgel
Monetizing Some Benefits Of Participation In Nexus, Christopher Dingman, Daniel Edgel
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
There are many benefits of the NEXUS program, ranging from personal time savings to improved security. While monetizing those benefits is challenging, it is important to assess the value of NEXUS and provide information that can support further expansion of the program. This Border Brief quantifies certain individual economic benefits of membership in the NEXUS program using data from 2012 to 2014. We focus on the Peace Arch/Douglas crossing, where the traffic volume is high and a large percentage of travelers are enrolled in NEXUS.
Improving The Process Of Adjudicating Tn Status, Border Policy Research Institute
Improving The Process Of Adjudicating Tn Status, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In 1994, pursuant to NAFTA, the TN (for “Trade NAFTA”) labor-mobility provision was established. The TN concept was intended to meet the goal of “facilitating temporary entry on a reciprocal basis and of establishing transparent criteria and procedures for temporary entry” amongst the three NAFTA countries. For Canadian citizens seeking temporary work of a professional nature in the U.S., TN status created an alternative to the H-1B program, which was established in 1990. The process of gaining TN status was meant to be simpler than that of acquiring H-1B status, and no cap on the number of TN workers was …
Exchange Rates And Border Crossings In The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
Exchange Rates And Border Crossings In The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
There has been recent speculation about the influence of the declining Canadian dollar on the volume of cross-border travel. This article explores that relationship in the context of the Cascade Gateway, which is the group of border crossings (Peace Arch, Pacific Highway, Lynden/Aldergrove, and Sumas/Abbotsford) that serve the Interstate 5 corridor, connecting Whatcom County, WA, to the Lower Mainland of B.C.
The Pacific Northwest As An Emerging Arctic Region, Heather Exner-Pirot, Joel Plouffe
The Pacific Northwest As An Emerging Arctic Region, Heather Exner-Pirot, Joel Plouffe
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This border brief, authored by two Arctic scholars, takes a special look at how borders are changing in the Arctic. The fast-changing Arctic is increasingly defined by boundaries drawn at a regional scale, rather than traditional borders that are based on national lines. This has major implications for the national and foreign policies of both Arctic and non-Arctic actors. The Pacific Northwest, which has an Arctic foothold through the northern subnational units of Alaska, the Yukon and the Northwest Territories (NWT), has been playing an active role in this regionalization process for several years, and seeks to expand its presence, …
Washington State's Economy In Relation To Canada And The Border, Paul Storer, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Laurie Trautman
Washington State's Economy In Relation To Canada And The Border, Paul Storer, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Laurie Trautman
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Economic ties have spanned the contemporary border between Washington State and Canada for as long as the Pacific Northwest has been inhabited. The native peoples of North America interacted across the border for centuries prior to the arrival of European explorers. In the early 19th century, the major regional European economic entity was the Hudson’s Bay Company. The fur-trading operations of this British-chartered corporation took place throughout its “Columbia Department” (a region that straddled the modern Canada – U.S. border), with outposts at locations such as Fort Vancouver and Fort Nisqually. The contemporary border dates from 1846, when the 49th …
A Business Case For Increasing Rfid At The Canada - Us Land Border, Border Policy Research Institute
A Business Case For Increasing Rfid At The Canada - Us Land Border, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This business case presents results-to-date of ongoing work by the Whatcom Council of Governments (WCOG) and the Border Policy Research Institute (BPRI) to investigate the benefits and costs of significantly increasing the portion of cross-border traffic using radio frequency identification (RFID). Before reviewing the analysis, it is useful to review the current policy context as well as some details about travel documents and U.S.-Canada cross-border traffic operations.
The Columbia River Treaty Review: A Synopsis, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Jaymes Mcclain
The Columbia River Treaty Review: A Synopsis, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Jaymes Mcclain
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The Columbia River watershed comprises 258,500 square miles (about the size of Texas), with 15 percent of the watershed located in Canada. Tributaries in the upper watershed drain a substantial portion of the Canadian and American Rocky Mountains; precipitation and snowmelt from the Rockies are main flow components. The river then crosses the arid Columbia Plateau and reaches the Pacific via the Columbia River Gorge. In an average year, the river disgorges 198 million acre-feet (MAF) of water, with 25 percent of the runoff (a disproportionately large amount) originating in Canada. With snowmelt a large component of runoff, the river’s …
Comparing Us And Canadian Foreign Worker Policies, Laurie Trautman
Comparing Us And Canadian Foreign Worker Policies, Laurie Trautman
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In both the U.S. and Canada, immigration reform is a politically, economically and emotionally contentious issue. One component of immigration policy in particular – the use of temporary foreign labor – is an important aspect of policy reform in both countries. This Border Policy Brief explores the policies used by Canada and the U.S. to import temporary foreign workers, often referred to as "guest workers,‟ particularly in lower-skilled occupations such as agriculture, hospitality and caregiving. Although both countries are increasingly relying on foreign workers to fill lower-skilled labor needs, they are doing so in very different ways.
Implications Of Trade Trends Upon Canada-Us Border Infrastructure, Border Policy Research Institute
Implications Of Trade Trends Upon Canada-Us Border Infrastructure, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The transportation and inspection agencies that build and operate border infrastructure are engaged in a constant process of facility planning, wrestling with decisions about where to invest limited resources. The existing situation at a facility is obviously influential—e.g., traffic volumes in excess of a facility’s capacity; subpar workplace conditions; excessive maintenance costs for a decrepit facility. But equally important is the need to consider future conditions, such as the traffic forecast. This article discusses the volume of trade forecasted to occur at eight major ports-of-entry (POEs) along the Canada – U.S. border.
Pilot Project: Using Rfid To Reduce Border Queues, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Pilot Project: Using Rfid To Reduce Border Queues, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Since 9/11, about $500 million has been spent on border infrastructure in the Cascade Gateway region, including new port facilities, improvements to approaching highways, and deployments of technologies such as wait-time systems. Yet there frequently are queues in excess of 60 minutes for the many travelers who are not enrolled in NEXUS (a program that provides trusted travelers with access to a dedicated highway lane). While regional stakeholders know that queues would be far worse in the absence of past investments, efforts are continually underway to improve border mobility. Greater usage of RFID-enabled documents is a proven method of bolstering …
2013/14 Imtc Passenger Vehicle Survey: Project Organization & Report Of Findings, Border Policy Research Institute
2013/14 Imtc Passenger Vehicle Survey: Project Organization & Report Of Findings, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
For the IMTC passenger vehicle survey, the notion of a "cross-border trip" is not as rigid a definition of "trip" as typically used in traffic modeling. While basic origin and destination data was collected here, our purpose was not to obtain a trip diary from our respondents that would account for intermediary stops. Our interests were in the primary destination a traveler had when they left their residence and headed across the border.
Canadian Indians, Inuit, Métis, And Métis: An Exploration Of The Unparalleled Rights Enjoyed By American Indians Born In Canada To Freely Access The United States, Greg Boos, Greg Mclawsen, Heather Fathali
Canadian Indians, Inuit, Métis, And Métis: An Exploration Of The Unparalleled Rights Enjoyed By American Indians Born In Canada To Freely Access The United States, Greg Boos, Greg Mclawsen, Heather Fathali
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Certain American Indians born in Canada (ABCs) enjoy access to the United States unrestricted by the Immigration and Nationality (INA), a right stemming from the Jay Treaty (1794). An examination of this right, reflected by codification as § 289 of the INA, reveals qualifying ABCs are entitled to privileges unparalleled by all but United States citizens to enter and remain in the U.S. “for the purpose of employment, study, retirement, investing, and/or immigration”4 or any other reason.
An Assessment Of Future Bilateral Trade Flows And Their Implications For U.S. Border Infrastructure Investment, Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
An Assessment Of Future Bilateral Trade Flows And Their Implications For U.S. Border Infrastructure Investment, Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
There are frequent calls for investment in border infrastructure given security-related delays and transportation bottlenecks associated with physical infrastructure described as outdated and inadequate. Given the potentially large investment expenditures needed to expand inspection and transportation infrastructure at border crossing sites, as well as the irreversibility of many of the investments that might need to be made, it is important that government decision-makers base spending choices on highly-informed forward-looking projections of capacity demands on traffic corridors through which bilateral commercial shipments are likely to travel.
Suggestions For Improving Cross-Border Mobility And North American Competitiveness, Border Policy Research Institute
Suggestions For Improving Cross-Border Mobility And North American Competitiveness, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
On May 15, 2014, the BPRI hosted a conference titled “Beyond NAFTA: Streamlining the Border to Strengthen North American Competitiveness.” With two decades of NAFTA behind us, and with the U.S.-Canada “Beyond the Border” (BtB) agenda near the end of its phase-one timeline, speakers were asked to produce ideas about what should next be done in order to foster crossborder mobility
Canadians Shopping In Northwest Washington, Border Policy Research Institute
Canadians Shopping In Northwest Washington, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In March 2013 the BPRI began a long-term study of the behavior of Canadian cross-border shoppers. The main goal of the study is to provide data with which to analyze the economic impacts of changes in factors that might influence cross-border shopping—changes such as a decline in the exchange rate, or a revision of sales taxes or duty-free limits.
The Wait-Time System At The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
The Wait-Time System At The Cascade Gateway, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In December 2011 the governments of Canada and the U.S. published the Beyond the Border (BTB) Action Plan, which includes an objective of installing border wait-time (BWT) measurement systems at the 20 busiest land-border crossings by the end of 2014. The BTB plan is not the first instance of federal interest in BWT systems: a BWT Working Group was established in 2008 as a joint initiative of Transport Canada, CBSA, USCBP, and FHWA, and that group investigated the merits of various BWT measurement technologies. Upon creation of the bi-national BTB framework, the task of the working group was absorbed into …
The Nature Of Aggregate And Regional Canada-Us Trade (1990-2011), Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
The Nature Of Aggregate And Regional Canada-Us Trade (1990-2011), Steven Globerman, Paul Storer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The impact of post-9/11 border security developments on Canada-U.S. trade has been the focus of much attention in recent years. The available evidence suggests that both U.S. exports and imports with Canada grew more slowly after 9/11 than would otherwise have been the case.
Canadian Shoppers In Northwest Washington State, Ian Faulds, Jaymes Mcclain, Irena Booth, Cynthia Jurado, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Canadian Shoppers In Northwest Washington State, Ian Faulds, Jaymes Mcclain, Irena Booth, Cynthia Jurado, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The purpose of this project was to record the proportion of Canadian vehicles in prominent retail destination parking lots along the I-5 corridor in northwest Washington State. These destinations were located in Blaine, Lynden, Ferndale, Bellingham, Burlington and Marysville. Data collection was executed by dividing the locations into northern and southern zones, with each zone visited by a two-person team following a prescribed route. The teams collected data within specific mapped sections of parking lots by counting the number of cars with Canadian and U.S. license plates with the use of tally counter devices. Additionally, an I-5 overpass is located …