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Articles 1591 - 1620 of 2364
Full-Text Articles in Macroeconomics
Podmioty Ekonomii Społecznej A Perspektywy Rozwojowe Polski 2007-2013, Joanna Tyrowicz
Podmioty Ekonomii Społecznej A Perspektywy Rozwojowe Polski 2007-2013, Joanna Tyrowicz
Joanna Tyrowicz
No abstract provided.
اقتصاد فساد: بررسی شواھد تجربی و نظری, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan
اقتصاد فساد: بررسی شواھد تجربی و نظری, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan
No abstract provided.
Individual Consumption Risk And The Welfare Cost Of Business Cycles, Massimiliano De Santis
Individual Consumption Risk And The Welfare Cost Of Business Cycles, Massimiliano De Santis
Massimiliano De Santis
No abstract provided.
Monetary Policy Issues In Post Conflict Economies, Warren Coats
Monetary Policy Issues In Post Conflict Economies, Warren Coats
Warren Coats
Post conflict environments differ considerably depending on the factors that started and brought conflict to an end, the extent of damage to infrastructure and institutions, and the nature of post conflict governance. Many post conflict countries suffer from ethnic and/or religious divisions and animosities deepened by civil war (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq). Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, all post conflict territories that have received assistance with their reconstruction from international financial institutions have sought to establish or reestablish market based economies to varying degrees. Most had relatively highly centralized economies prior to the conflict. Thus reestablishment …
Death And Taxes, Including Inflation: The Public Versus Economists, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
Death And Taxes, Including Inflation: The Public Versus Economists, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
Inflation worries the general public much more than it does the economics profession, and economists remain perplexed as to exactly why. The costs that concern economists are inflation’s deadweight loss. But that is only a part of the losses that concern the public, because inflation simultaneously transfers some of people’s income into the hands of government. The fact that the seigniorage tax may pay for programs they favor is a separate issue. Moreover, unlike income and other taxes, which people in democratic countries may think they have some control over through voting, seigniorage appears utterly arbitrary. In fact, people can …
Death And Taxes, Including Inflation: The Public Versus Economists, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
Death And Taxes, Including Inflation: The Public Versus Economists, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel
Faculty Publications
Inflation worries the general public much more than it does the economics profession, and economists remain perplexed as to exactly why. The costs that concern economists are inflation’s deadweight loss. But that is only a part of the losses that concern the public, because inflation simultaneously transfers some of people’s income into the hands of government. The fact that the seigniorage tax may pay for programs they favor is a separate issue. Moreover, unlike income and other taxes, which people in democratic countries may think they have some control over through voting, seigniorage appears utterly arbitrary. In fact, people can …
Monetary And Fiscal Policy In Poland During The Eu Accession, Lucjan Orlowski
Monetary And Fiscal Policy In Poland During The Eu Accession, Lucjan Orlowski
WCBT Faculty Publications
The main objective of this chapter is to review the fiscal and monetary policies of Poland for EU accession and to extract their guiding precepts. Only the most essential aspects of fiscal and monetary convergence are examined, with some attention to institutional convergence. An in-depth analysis of institutional convergence falls beyond the boundaries of this study, as its main focus is on the systemic foundations of macroeconomic stabilization policies during the economic transition and in the course of preparations for EU accession. The chapter also examines policy options for the post-accession macroeconomic policy strategy which will focus on preparations for …
Decomposing Consumer Wealth Effects: Evidence On The Role Of Real Estate Assets Following The Wealth Cycle Of 1990-2002, Michael Donihue, Andriy Avramenko
Decomposing Consumer Wealth Effects: Evidence On The Role Of Real Estate Assets Following The Wealth Cycle Of 1990-2002, Michael Donihue, Andriy Avramenko
Michael R Donihue
During the period from 1990 to 2002, U.S. households experienced a dramatic wealth cycle, induced by a 369 percent appreciation in the value of real per capita liquid stock-market assets, followed by a 55 percent decline. However, despite predictions at the time by some analysts relying on life-cycle models of consumption, consumer spending in real terms continued to rise throughout this period. Using data that include the period from 1990 to 2005, traditional approaches to estimating macroeconomic wealth effects on consumption confront two puzzles: (i) econometric evidence of a stable cointegrating relationship among consumption, income, and wealth is weak at …
Saving, Investment And Capital Mobility In African Countries, John Thornton, Olumuyiwa S. Adedeji
Saving, Investment And Capital Mobility In African Countries, John Thornton, Olumuyiwa S. Adedeji
John Thornton
Recently developed panel co-integration techniques are applied to data for six African countries to test the Feldstein–Horioka approach to measuring capital mobility. The results suggest three conclusions: savings and investment in panel data are non-stationary series and they are co-integrated; capital was relatively mobile in the African countries during 1970–2000, with estimated savings–retention ratios of 0.73 (FMOLS), 0.45 (DOLS), 0.51 (DOLS with heterogeneity) and 0.39 (DOLS with cross-sectional dependence effects); and there was a marked drop in the savings–retention ratio from 1970–85 to 1986–2000. The results could be interpreted as indicating that capital mobility in African countries has increased, reflecting …
The Relationship Between Inflation And Inflation Uncertainty In Emerging Market Economies, John Thornton
The Relationship Between Inflation And Inflation Uncertainty In Emerging Market Economies, John Thornton
John Thornton
A standard Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (q,v) model is employed to construct a measure of monthly intlation uncertainty in 12 emerging market economies, and the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty is examined using Granger causality tests. The results suggest that higher inflation rates increased inflation uncertainty in all the economies, providing strong support for the Friedman hypothesis. The evidence on the effect of inflation uncertainty on average monthly inflation is more mixed, with increased inflation uncertainty leading to lower average inflation in Colombia. Israel. Mexico, and Turkey, consistent with the Holland hypothesis, but to higher average intlation in Hungary. …
Fiscal Decentralization And Economic Growth Reconsidered, John Thornton
Fiscal Decentralization And Economic Growth Reconsidered, John Thornton
John Thornton
Recent studies examining the relation between fiscal decentralization and economic growth have failed to take account of the extent of the independent taxing powers available to sub-national governments and thus have substantially overstated the degree of effective decentralization. Results from a cross section study of 19 OECD member countries suggest that when the measure of fiscal decentralization is limited to the revenues over which sub-national governments have full autonomy, its impact on economic growth is not statistically significant.
Currency Restructuring: The Role Of The Media., Festus O. Odoko
Currency Restructuring: The Role Of The Media., Festus O. Odoko
Bullion
One of the mandates of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) as provided in the CBN Act of 1991 (as amended) is the issuance of legal tender currency. This paper examines the rationale for currency restructuring so as to elicit the buy-in and support of the media and in that way enhance the acceptability of the currency in economic transactions in Nigeria. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 outlines the major elements of currency restructuring, while section 3 discusses the critical success factors. In section 4 the role of the media is enunciated while section …
A Mathematical Regression Of The U.S. Gross Private Domestic Investment 1959-2001, Byron E. Bell
A Mathematical Regression Of The U.S. Gross Private Domestic Investment 1959-2001, Byron E. Bell
Byron E. Bell
SUMMARY OF PROJECT What did I do? A study of the role the U.S. stock markets and money markets have possibly played in the Gross Private Domestic Investment (GPDI) of the United States from the year 1959 to the year 2001 and I created a Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM).
Challenges Of Exchange Rate Volatility In Economic Management In Nigeria., Charles N.O Mordi
Challenges Of Exchange Rate Volatility In Economic Management In Nigeria., Charles N.O Mordi
Bullion
The motive behind initiating an exchange rate policy, an integral element of monetary policy, is to preserve the value of the domestic currency, maintain favorable external reserves and ensure the realization of price stability in the domestic economy. The pursuance of these goals is to ensure external balance without compromising the need for internal balance and macroeconomic stability. It is important that the monetary authority, in its bid to designing an appropriate and sustainable exchange rate policy framework, addresses issues that are fundamental to the introduction of the policy itself. This paper discussed the challenges of exchange rate volatility management …
The Achievement Of Convergence In The Nigeria Foreign Exchange Market, O. O. Akanji
The Achievement Of Convergence In The Nigeria Foreign Exchange Market, O. O. Akanji
Bullion
The fact that Naira is floating is not a panacea for effective monetary policy management learning from the Argentina experience. Also with volatile capital flows, there are associated over - and undershooting of exchange rates that the economy would encounter. This paper discuss the achievement of convergence in the Nigerian foreign exchange market and monetary policy, the liberalization of the foreign exchange market and the process of foreign exchange convergence. It was observed that there were supply shortage and so the supply side of resource allocation was deployed. It was also observed that the harmony between the money market and …
Economics Of Exchange Rate Management, Ayodele Odusola
Economics Of Exchange Rate Management, Ayodele Odusola
Bullion
Exchange rate policy plays an important role in national economic development management. If well managed, it could facilitate the achievement of macroeconomic objectives of rapid economic growth, low rate of inflation, high employment generation, buoyant balance of payment condition, and progressive income distribution. Of all economic policies, it is the most suitable policy for ensuring internal and external balances. This paper examine the economics of exchange rate management; the conceptual issues in exchange rate management in view of attaining the macroeconomic objectives for rapid economic growth and development. One of the critical issues in the management of foreign exchange is …
Overview Of Exchange Rate Management In Nigeria., Mike I. Obadan
Overview Of Exchange Rate Management In Nigeria., Mike I. Obadan
Bullion
The exchange rate is a key macroeconomic variable in the context of general economic policy making, and of economic reform programmes, in particular. It is a very important price which governments take very active interest in. However, two concepts of exchange rate are commonly distinguished: nominal exchange rate and real exchange rate. - The nominal exchange rate (NER) is a monetary concept which measures the relative price of two moneys or currencies, e.g., Naira in relation to the U. S dollar. - But the real exchange rate (RER), as the name implies, is a real concept that measures the relative …
Effective Reserve Management In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects., M. Nda
Effective Reserve Management In Nigeria: Issues, Challenges And Prospects., M. Nda
Bullion
Effective management of foreign exchange reserves is one of the major macroeconomic objectives of countries like Nigeria. This is against the background of rapid rise and accumulated challenges currently facing many emerging economies especially oil producing countries. In Nigeria, the reserves has risen from USD4.99 billion in May 1999 to USD38.07 billion as at July 31, 2006 (see table 1). The paper examines the key issues, challenges and prospects of effective management of external reserves in Nigeria and how the Central Bank of Nigeria has fared in coping with these challenges. The recent accumulation of foreign reserves is not peculiar …
Recent Reforms In The Nigerian Banking Industry: Issues And Challenges., U. Kama
Recent Reforms In The Nigerian Banking Industry: Issues And Challenges., U. Kama
Bullion
The banking industry around the world has witnessed remarkable changes in recent decades, given t h e i n c r e a s i n g w a v e o f globalization, structural and technological changes, and integration of financial markets. As McKinnon and Shaw (1973) observed in their seminar work on the key roles of banks as propel lands of growth and development in developing economies, a feeble banking system is repressive, distortionary and dis-connect the intermediation process thereby precipitating macroeconomic instability. The paper reviews the various reforms in Nigerian banking industry since 1986 particularly the complementary …
Exchange Rate Stability And Poverty Reduction In Nigeria, Greg Nzekwu
Exchange Rate Stability And Poverty Reduction In Nigeria, Greg Nzekwu
Bullion
The paper discusses the role of macroeconomic policy in achieving social as well as macroeconomic objectives in attaining poverty reduction in Nigeria. Nigeria's economy is growing at an impressive rate compared to the historical. This reflects in part increased investor confidence due t o the improvement in macroeconomic management and positive dividends of the new found economic direction and general political stability. However, the renewed optimism is unlikely to be sustained if appreciable progress is not made to advance growth, general macroeconomic stability and poverty reduction. The reveals that, In order for growth to be poverty reducing, the link between …
Financial Liberalization And Savings Mobilisation In Nigeria., Emmanuel A. Onwoduokit
Financial Liberalization And Savings Mobilisation In Nigeria., Emmanuel A. Onwoduokit
Bullion
Financial liberation involves the elimination of credit, controls, deregulation of interest rates, easing of entry into the financial services industry, development of capital markets, increased prudential regulation and supervision, and liberalization of international capital flows. This paper assess the impact of financial sector reforms in Nigeria, especially on the development of the financial sector. Accordingly, the paper dwells on theoretical issues and brief review of literature and presented a brief analysis of financial sector reforms in Nigeria. Attempt is also made to assess the impact of the reforms. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the roles of the indicators that are studied …
Overview Of Currency Management In Nigeria., K. S. Adeyemi
Overview Of Currency Management In Nigeria., K. S. Adeyemi
Bullion
This paper seeks to highlight the issues in currency management, identify the challenges of currency management in Nigeria, and situate the currency management reforms of the Central Bank of Nigeria in proper context. The paper is structured into six sections. Following the introduction, the key dimensions of the currency management function is highlighted in section 2. Section 3 reviews the major currency episodes in Nigeria while section 4 examines the shortcomings of the existing currency arrangements. Nigeria's reform effort in currency management is discussed in Section 5 and the paper is concluded in section 6 by observing that: as inflation …
The Legal Framework For Currency Management In Nigeria., Anthony Olatujoye
The Legal Framework For Currency Management In Nigeria., Anthony Olatujoye
Bullion
This paper reviews the adequacy of the existing legal framework for Currency Management in Nigeria. The paper is structured into three parts. Part I is an introduction to the paper. The legal provisions governing currency management in Nigeria and some of the legal challenges for the CBN are highlighted and examined in part II. Part III concludes the paper: that a major legal challenge facing the CBN is the absence of specific provisions of the law criminalizing such acts as tampering, deliberate mutilation, spraying and marching of currency.
Promoting The Use Of Non-Cash Payment Alternatives In Nigeria., Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede
Promoting The Use Of Non-Cash Payment Alternatives In Nigeria., Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede
Bullion
The payments and settlement system represents the plat-form upon which financial resources is exchanged for goods and services. This paper discussed the different alternatives of non-cash payment methods as well as the advantages, modes of payments and challenges. The study concluded that, there is need not only to further the laudable reforms of the Federal Government of Nigeria, but also to ensure that business and non-business financial transactions are accessible and convenient for the average Nigerian. These reforms in the payment system can only fast track the integration of Nigeria into the international financial system with attendant benefits for the …
Promoting The Use Of Coins In Nigeria., A O. Ikuseedun
Promoting The Use Of Coins In Nigeria., A O. Ikuseedun
Bullion
The main purpose of currency in any nation is to facilitate transactions and serves as a store of value. Currency is made up of banknotes and coins. While banknotes are expected to be used for relatively large value payments, coins are for low value ones. The paper examines the factors responsible for low usage of coins in Nigeria and suggest possible remedial measures. The paper observes that there had been a general low use of coins for retail transactions in Nigeria. This was reflected in the relative value of coins in circulation as against the value of currency which was …
Understanding The Pension Reform Act(Pra) 2004, Adesina Balogun
Understanding The Pension Reform Act(Pra) 2004, Adesina Balogun
Bullion
Pension schemes exit to provide post-retirement I benefits to employees. Pension scheme was introduced into Nigeria during the Colonial era to provide old age income and security to British citizens working in the country upon retirement. This paper discussed the conceptual framework of Pension Reform Act 2004, the dynamics of Pension Reform Act of 2004, the implications and challenges of Pension Act of 2004 as well as feasible options for future developments. The study concluded that, The roles and functions of PFAs and PFCs are Pivotal to the success of the new defined contributory scheme. It behoves on them therefore, …
Assessment Of Capital Returns And Economics Of Investment In Khartoum Stock Exchange Market, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Assessment Of Capital Returns And Economics Of Investment In Khartoum Stock Exchange Market, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Financial markets in a country are parts of modern economic systems and have definite impacts of its economic performance. However, in an underdeveloped economic structure there can be other targets o hidden activities for them. Such assumptions are provoked under totalitarian economic systems that impose cartel monopolies in a autocratic compradorism that own most of the companies and their stocks. The institutional structure of the prevailing economic system avails negative cost/benefits dealings to continue unaffected as the main profits have to come from other resources, e.g., money laundry. The private sector has to be monopolized in order to sustain the …
Consumer Confidence Surveys: Can They Help Us Forecast Consumer Spending In Real Time?, Dean D. Croushore
Consumer Confidence Surveys: Can They Help Us Forecast Consumer Spending In Real Time?, Dean D. Croushore
Economics Faculty Publications
In 1993, the Philadelphia Fed undertook a project to develop a real-time data set for macroeconomists, who can use these data in many ways — for example, when analyzing indexes of consumer confidence. existing research indicates that consumer-confidence measures, though highly correlated with future spending, do not improve forecasts of future spending. but these studies used revised data that were not available to forecasters at the time they made their forecasts. In this article, Dean Croushore uses the real-time data set to investigate an important question: Does using data available to forecasters at the time — that is, real-time data …
Investments And Risk Management Under The New Pension Scheme., Luka A. Dalang
Investments And Risk Management Under The New Pension Scheme., Luka A. Dalang
Bullion
Pension today, has become a topical issue. one that has engaged the commitment of government, attention of employers and workers not only in Nigeria but also in many developing and emerging economies of Africa, Asia and Latin America This paper discuss the trend of investments and pension schemes with its risks and challenges in Nigeria. The study however confirmed the non applicability of the financial reform theory hypothesized by McKinnon and Shaw in Nigeria.' . The National pension Commission guidelines as mentioned earlier, are designed to ensure transparency, integrity and objectivity in the vestment process. and to ensure that the …
Financial Sector Outcomes In Nigeria: A Quantitative Evaluation., Abeng M. Okoi
Financial Sector Outcomes In Nigeria: A Quantitative Evaluation., Abeng M. Okoi
Bullion
Prior to the adoption of the economic reforms measures of the 1980's, most African economies were predominantly characterised by extensive public ownership, management and control of productive and social infrastructures and institutions. This paper discuss the trend of investments and pension schemes with its risks and challenges in Nigeria. The study however confirmed the non applicability of the financial reform theory hypothesized by McKinnon and Shaw in Nigeria 'This Paper quantitatively examine the outcomes of financial sector reforms in Nigeria with a view to validating the applicability of the Mckinnon Shaw hypothesis of financial liberalization. The impact of reforms on …