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Articles 1 - 30 of 110
Full-Text Articles in Economic Theory
Mitigating Sex Trafficking: Preventative Methods For Reducing Sexual Exploitation, Autumn Rain Monroe
Mitigating Sex Trafficking: Preventative Methods For Reducing Sexual Exploitation, Autumn Rain Monroe
University Honors Theses
In recent years, sex trafficking has become more well-known in the public sphere, generating activism and legislation in an effort to combat this human rights issue. With this increased awareness comes challenges in appropriately understanding sex trafficking. The general public and even lawmakers often do not understand the complete dynamic or complexities of sex trafficking. Definitional inconsistencies make it difficult to provide a universal definition of sex trafficking, contributing to misconceptions involving the methods of entry and the barriers to exiting. Ultimately, this prevents proper identification of victims, hinders the protection of victims, and the implementation of survivor-oriented legislation, meaning …
Working Paper No. 77, Deconstructing The Kardashian-Based Economy, Alec Van Rossum
Working Paper No. 77, Deconstructing The Kardashian-Based Economy, Alec Van Rossum
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that connections can indeed be made between Thorstein Veblen's contributions towards our understanding of social stratification related to patterns of consumption, and the rise in importance of the Kardashian family. We take Veblen’s seminal and enduring book, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions [1899] and relate some of the ideas therein to what is being coined herein as a “Kardashian-Based Economy.” By drawing connections between selected ideas that Veblen's advanced, and some of the influences displayed by some members of the Kardashian family on consumer culture, we aim to understand …
Working Paper No. 63, On Karl Polanyi And His Conception Of Fascism, Serene Mistkawi
Working Paper No. 63, On Karl Polanyi And His Conception Of Fascism, Serene Mistkawi
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the writings of author Karl Polanyi offered insights into key variables and historical conditions that gave rise to the system we know of as “fascism.” Integral to his insights, Polanyi describes economic conditions attendant for fascism to emerge, with one condition noted as widespread and persistent unemployment. Polanyi stresses that fascism needs to be understood as reactionary, a responding to features integral to classical liberalism. Considering a broad historical context Polanyi teaches us of the political conditions necessary for fascism to emerge and take form as political movements wielding power. He considers conflicts in …
Working Paper No. 71, Max Weber: On Religion And Economic Outcomes, Celeste Aiu Taber
Working Paper No. 71, Max Weber: On Religion And Economic Outcomes, Celeste Aiu Taber
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that early sociologist Max Weber advances a view that religious faith could indeed affect economic outcomes. In his analysis of Reformed faiths, Weber determines that “the calling” inspired by Martin Luther transformed the work ethic of believers, instilling in them a spirit suitable for the advancement of modern capitalism. The Reformed work ethic observed by Weber served as a basis for individual Protestants to accumulate wealth. Weber also considers the developments of religious asceticism among the faiths of Calvinism, Pietism, Methodism, and the Baptist movements. The ascetic character of these religious communities assisted in generating …
Working Paper No. 72, The 1849 Gold Rush And The Roots Of California’S Economic Development, Matthew Phan
Working Paper No. 72, The 1849 Gold Rush And The Roots Of California’S Economic Development, Matthew Phan
Working Papers in Economics
The Californian Gold Rush, commonly referred to as the “1849 Gold Rush” proved to be a major event which brought significant change to California. This inquiry seeks to establish that this 1849 Gold Rush provided a foundation for a broadly shared prosperity through contributing to the advancement of California’s industry. The first part in this inquiry goes into some detail regarding how the gold rush got initiated, would become a major event for the world. The second part explores what changes the gold rush had brought for California’s industry, economic development, and broadly shared prosperity. The third part explains more …
Working Paper No. 68, Variables Precipitating The Extermination Of The American Bison, Cameron Winterer
Working Paper No. 68, Variables Precipitating The Extermination Of The American Bison, Cameron Winterer
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that innovations in tanning technology advanced by Europeans in the late 19th century accelerated the destruction of the bison, and subsequently the downfall of bison-reliant indigenous groups of the Great Plains, especially. The North American bison is considered as a crucial natural resource in the plains region of North America. What this inquiry seeks to emphasize is that advancements in technology, coupled with a growing demand for bison hides, contributed to the demise of bison populations. Lastly, this inquiry seeks to examine the near extinction of the plains bison and some of the effects their …
Working Paper No. 73, “Placing-Out”: Dealing With Vagrant Children In 19th Century America, Josephine Cannistra
Working Paper No. 73, “Placing-Out”: Dealing With Vagrant Children In 19th Century America, Josephine Cannistra
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to convince the reader that motivations of 19th century aid societies were not necessarily rooted in the welfare of vagrant children, but rather in the goals of bolstering American agriculture and creating a new generation of farmers out of children that likely would have otherwise proved a direct social and economic burden. While apprenticeships have a long history in the United States, the joining of apprenticeships and indentured labor formed a 19th century system of placing children out into rural homes as contracted workers. This system, as social movement from above, offered economic benefits to farmers and …
Working Paper No. 69, Towards An Evolutionary History Of Gleaning, Stella Burlingame
Working Paper No. 69, Towards An Evolutionary History Of Gleaning, Stella Burlingame
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the act of gleaning can be understood through an evolutionary approach. Because gleaning has been practiced in some form in almost every agricultural system, this inquiry shall consider several different regions and time periods, taking into account the distinct economic and social structures. The segments of history to be explored here range from antiquity, as documented in Scripture, through early modernity, and into the post-modern era.
Working Paper No. 70, Industrialization, Retail Activities, And The Rise Of American Consumerism, Joseph French
Working Paper No. 70, Industrialization, Retail Activities, And The Rise Of American Consumerism, Joseph French
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the department store can be viewed as a novel institution that emerged to facilitate an economic relationship between a burgeoning American industrial sector and a new generation of working-class consumers with rising incomes and changing needs. The development of retail in America lagged behind Europe for many decades, until the rapid pace of American industrialization acted as a catalyst for retail to evolve into a modern institution. Alongside the creation of the department store, American cities were taking to the skies, and those who inhabited them would establish a new socio-economic class that was …
Working Paper No. 67, Insights Into Project Cybersyn, Leah Herrera
Working Paper No. 67, Insights Into Project Cybersyn, Leah Herrera
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that back in the 1970s Chile’s “Project Cybersyn” offered novel approaches and specific technologies that appeared to have benefitted capitalism as a system. The Spanish name, SYNCO served as an acronym for Sistema de Información y Control. President Salvador Allende expected that the attributes associated with Project Cybersyn could assist his efforts in implementing his variant of socialism. Cybersyn consisted of a network (Cybernet), software (Cyberstride), computers, a economic simulator known as CHECO, and a control room (Opsroom.) Cybersyn reached an advanced prototype stage; however, its fate was also tied to the interests of the …
In Favor Of Bringing Game Theory Into Urban Studies And Planning Curriculum: Reintroducing An Underused Method For The Next Generation Of Urban Scholars, Brian Mcdonald Gardner
In Favor Of Bringing Game Theory Into Urban Studies And Planning Curriculum: Reintroducing An Underused Method For The Next Generation Of Urban Scholars, Brian Mcdonald Gardner
Dissertations and Theses
By looking at some historical examples of Urban Studies literature and theory (and a detailed dive into Neil Smith's "Toward a theory of gentrification…") this thesis makes the case that Game Theory has valid insights to add to the foundation of Urban Studies and Planning and should be included in Masters and Doctorate level curriculums. As a discipline Game Theory has revolutionized multiple other fields, and can be used both mathematically and/or non-mathematically. It is postulated below that the inclusion of Game Theory would help scholars and practitioners arrive at better outcomes. This case is made by reviewing various areas …
Working Paper No. 55, An Inquiry Into The Assumptions And Tenets Of Neoclassical Economics That Lead Towards Income Inequality, Katharine Nester
Working Paper No. 55, An Inquiry Into The Assumptions And Tenets Of Neoclassical Economics That Lead Towards Income Inequality, Katharine Nester
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that key assumptions foundational to Neoclassical Economics contribute towards income inequality. A consideration of the Neoclassical interpretation and assumptions of the laissez-faire approach to market economies opens the inquiry. I examine the economic outcomes that result when the assumptions underpinning the Neoclassical application of laissez-faire are false, as they often are in the real world. The inquiry then turns to the theories and natural “laws” as advanced by Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) and John Bates (J. B.) Clark (1847-1938), which were built upon the Neoclassical adaptation of laissez-faire and became canon in the Neoclassical school. Finally, …
Working Paper No. 66, Sir John Bowring, Trade Policies And Economic Development In Siam, Jackrit Kamudhamas
Working Paper No. 66, Sir John Bowring, Trade Policies And Economic Development In Siam, Jackrit Kamudhamas
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that during the mid-19th century Sir John Bowring emerged as a proponent who formulated distinct trade policies that served to promote the economic development of Siam (Thailand). This thesis is supported with three parts. The first part investigates the trade policies of the Burney Treaty as the first step towards the initiation of a new form of foreign trade policies between Siam and the British Empire and other western countries. The second part explores further Sir Bowing’s thoughts and his mission in achieving the adjusting agreements of the Bowring Treaty. And lastly, the third part …
Working Paper No. 54, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen And Ecological Economics, Miriam Silverman
Working Paper No. 54, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen And Ecological Economics, Miriam Silverman
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that in his book The Entropy Law and the Economic Process [1971] (2013), author Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen provides a foundation for Ecological Economics. The Entropy Law implies that the economic process is limited because it is reliant on finite natural resources, e.g., fossil fuels and minerals, as the economic process involves relying upon low-entropy natural resources in the production of consumer goods, and then results in the discarding of high-entropy waste, e.g., heat in the form of CO2 and other greenhouse gasses, into the environment, eventually resulting in noticeable degradation. Notably, these ideas from Georgescu-Roegen’s …
Working Paper No. 64, Ecological Economics Versus Environmental Economics, Audrey Demeaux
Working Paper No. 64, Ecological Economics Versus Environmental Economics, Audrey Demeaux
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the field within the Discipline of Economic Science known as Ecological Economics is based upon assumptions and methodological foundations that differ from the field of Environmental Economics. It shall be argued that Environmental Economics did not emerge as the result of a new shift in economic thinking, but rather formed around a reorientation of standard neoclassical assumptions. This was undertaken in an effort to address environmental issues emerging several decades back. In contrast, it shall be argued that the field of Ecological Economics has brought to the Economics Discipline an appreciation for novel assumptions …
Working Paper No. 59, Cultural Imperialism And Hegemony, Maria Zavala
Working Paper No. 59, Cultural Imperialism And Hegemony, Maria Zavala
Working Papers in Economics
While the traditional colonial imperialism of France and Great Britain ended after World War Two, it can be argued that a new form of imperialism replaced it. What is known as “cultural imperialism” includes the art of inserting a covert idea into person's mind by use of popular culture. Herein, Antonio Gramsci’s ideas of cultural imperialism are contemplated. This paper explores the topic by focusing upon some of the effects that popular American music has had on Latin music and the changes in culturally acceptable trends that have followed. Then, American beauty standards and the Eurocentric beauty standards of Latin …
Working Paper No. 65, On Debt, Enclosure And Witchcraft, Jenna Schoof
Working Paper No. 65, On Debt, Enclosure And Witchcraft, Jenna Schoof
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the process of commons-enclosure taking place in 14th-16th century Europe also required an “enclosure” of the female body, which was carried out by introducing radically novel conceptions of debt. The dual processes of bodily dispossession and debt imposition acted as a single force which is paradoxically the origin and effect of capitalist accumulation. This process began in Europe during the period of “transition” between feudalism and capitalism but has remained an essential component of capitalist accumulation through to globalization in contemporary times. To support this thesis, this inquiry considers the evolution of debt; the …
Working Paper No. 56, Towards A Veblenian View Of Non-Fungible Tokens, Kamren Geist
Working Paper No. 56, Towards A Veblenian View Of Non-Fungible Tokens, Kamren Geist
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that ideas advanced by Thorstein Veblen in his book, The Theory of the Leisure Class [1899], offer insights into nonfungible tokens. Through the evolution of technology -- aided by broad access to the internet -- the emergence of non-fungible tokens can be understood to offer the leisure class a novel form of conspicuous consumption. Enabled by expansive networks, members of the leisure class can now engage in conspicuous displays of wealth and therewith establish their status relative to members of the laboring class as well as members of the leisure class. While there exist many …
Working Paper No. 61, The Regulation Of Hemp In The United States, Olivia Carrillo
Working Paper No. 61, The Regulation Of Hemp In The United States, Olivia Carrillo
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that in the United States the growing and processing of industrial hemp faced an array of barriers. Its involvement in the effort during World War Two was successful and experienced high praise from the federal government. While hemp provided measurable and grand benefits as a strategic war crop, its importance diminished sharply as the United States transitioned out of the war era. What was once a highly desirable crop became a demonized crop that gradually faded into the background of the American economy. Despite its initial positive portrayal, the utilization of industrial hemp was essentially …
Working Paper No. 58, Auro Ex Oleum: Departing The American Gold Standard*, Zakhary L. Roth
Working Paper No. 58, Auro Ex Oleum: Departing The American Gold Standard*, Zakhary L. Roth
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the character of the United States dollar fundamentally changed over the course of the 20th century as it moved away from its being rooted in the gold standard. As the global economy transitioned into the 20th century and the United States began establishing itself as a cornerstone of global trade, the dollar evolved into the standard currency of the world economy, changing significantly along the way as it moved from a gold-backed standard to the reserve currency of the international petroleum trade. These changes are reflected in U.S. foreign and monetary policy throughout this …
Does Recreational Marijuana Dispensing Induce Substitution For Alcohol?, Aubrey E. Mange
Does Recreational Marijuana Dispensing Induce Substitution For Alcohol?, Aubrey E. Mange
Economics Masters Project Research Papers
I exploit geographic and temporal variation in recreational marijuana dispensing to estimate its effect on alcohol related prices and mortalities. I interpret the finding of a casual reduction in alcoholic poisonings as evidence for a substitutive relationship, contributing to a growing marijuana policy literature and the divided economic literature exploring substitution between the two goods.
Working Paper No. 53, Mexico Under Neoliberalism, Daniela M. Ávila Arévalo
Working Paper No. 53, Mexico Under Neoliberalism, Daniela M. Ávila Arévalo
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that a set of policies that can be identified as ‘neoliberalism’ has generated observable effects on the economy and society of Mexico. Initiated during the last decades of the twentieth century, a combination of external and internal interests led to the implementation of neoliberal policies. The marketization of Mexico’s economy during the 1980s and 90s consolidated ‘structural adjustments.’ Through extensive privatization of what were statist assets, combined with the deregulation of trade as well as numerous aspects of private sector activity, the Mexican economy came to rely upon a low-wage labor export-model that also undermined …
Working Paper No. 60, The Importance Of Industrial Hemp In The Early United States, Olivia Carrillo
Working Paper No. 60, The Importance Of Industrial Hemp In The Early United States, Olivia Carrillo
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that in the early United States industrial hemp emerged as an important crop. In Colonial America, hemp was a desirable commodity that attracted capital investments into its cultivation and processing. Because of its durability and strength, hemp fibers had substantial worth in the production of thread, rope, and heavy canvas. Not only was the cultivation of hemp important for the development of a variety of household products, but hemp also played a military role, as the hemp fibers were spun, woven, and fashioned into sails that provided wind power for commercial and military navies. However, …
Working Paper No. 57, The Plight Of The Indigenous In British North America, Maria Nicolas-Reyes
Working Paper No. 57, The Plight Of The Indigenous In British North America, Maria Nicolas-Reyes
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the Indigenous population of North America experienced a tragic fate as a result of British colonization and American dominance. Upon the arrival of the English colonists, infectious diseases spread rapidly, disrupting Native American’s way of life and also decimating their populations. This inquiry examines two geographic areas—Virginia’s Eastern Shore and the Midcontinent—in order to demonstrate how these diseases affected Native Americans differently. Aside from the negative effects of the introduction of new infectious diseases, Indigenous peoples endured genocide perpetrated by English settlers as a means to gain greater control of their lands. Lastly, Indigenous …
Working Paper No. 51, On Dugger And Corporate Hegemony, Daniela M. Ávila Arévalo
Working Paper No. 51, On Dugger And Corporate Hegemony, Daniela M. Ávila Arévalo
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that in his writings, William Dugger offers insights into the phenomenon of subreption in his effort to clarify the emergence of corporate hegemony. Focusing upon the changing organizational structure taking place within U.S. corporations, especially in the second half of the 20th century, Dugger emphasizes how the corporation’s rise to dominance diminishes the influences from other institutions—thereby undermining pluralism. Corporate hegemony emerges through invaluation processes that Dugger identifies, resulting in the positioning of the corporation as the dominant institution in economy and society. Through processes associated with subreption there takes place the internalization of corporate …
Working Paper No. 46, Foundations For Feminist Legal Theory, Taylor Feltham
Working Paper No. 46, Foundations For Feminist Legal Theory, Taylor Feltham
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish the foundations for Feminist Legal Theory through considering its three important dimensions. These dimensions are: a) a distinct and unique historical background; b) an ongoing legacy of occupational segregation; and c) a persistence of gender inequality. This inquiry relies heavily upon Feminist Legal Theory: A Primer (2016) authored by Nancy Levit, et al. Since the emergence of the area of inquiry known as “critical race feminism,” feminist legal theory has been moving away from the principle of formal equality and towards intersectional equity. Feminist legal theorists like Angela Harris (1990), in her work Race and …
Working Paper No. 47, The Transformation Of Developmental States: Patterns Of Economic Development In South Korea And Taiwan, Mina Kim
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry considers similar yet contrasting patterns in the economic development of South Korea and Taiwan. Taiwan’s developmental state has tended to exhibit ‘softer’ characteristics than South Korea’s. I identify a tendency for when developmental states face crises and then transition forward to a ‘post-developmental state’. This is traced to the internal 'paradox of success' and external pressure of neoliberal globalization. Though these two countries tend to embrace and rely upon neoliberal policies for economic growth, the speed and degree of systemic change register as different. A 1997 financial crisis appears to have goaded South Korea to move quickly through …
Working Paper No. 48, Struggle Over China, Joshua Stanfill
Working Paper No. 48, Struggle Over China, Joshua Stanfill
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that after Dr. Sun Yat-sen thought through and then laid the foundations for the modern Chinese state, a struggle for power emerged between those identifying as nationalists and communists. Sun’s ideas regarding some of the effects of western imperialism on Asian countries were shared by both the Chinese Communist Party and the Nationalist Party under Chiang Kai-shek. The ideological bases for the struggle between the two parties for China emerged in their beliefs regarding relationships between government and citizens, and the role of the government. Soon after Dr. Sun’s death, a struggle for power over …
Working Paper No. 45, An Intellectual History Of Josiah Warren, Jaye Balentine
Working Paper No. 45, An Intellectual History Of Josiah Warren, Jaye Balentine
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that Josiah Warren (1798-1874) developed a synthesis of anti-capitalist economics and radical individualism which became a unique, yet highly practical strand of anarchism in the United States. This inquiry relies heavily upon Crispin Sartwell’s The Practical Anarchist: Writings of Josiah Warren (2011) for insight into Warren’s contributions. Warren registers as distinct because of his relative isolation from other anarchist thinkers, existing largely as a lone practitioner operating in the western territories of the United States during middle-part of the 19th century. This inquiry considers Warren’s philosophical views as well as his practical program—namely his doctrines …
Working Paper No. 44, The Evolution Of The Landlord, Jaye Balentine
Working Paper No. 44, The Evolution Of The Landlord, Jaye Balentine
Working Papers in Economics
This inquiry seeks to establish that the meaning of the term ‘the landlord’ has evolved over the course of history. In this sense, this inquiry contributes not only to the disciplines of History and Politics, but also to the field of the History of Economic Thought and the subfield of Evolutionary-Institutional Economics, carrying on the tradition established by Thorstein Veblen. A pervasive and dominant institution during the feudal era, the landlord has since evolved considerably, shifting away from the position of a predominantly political institution into a more economically oriented, capitalist institution. As a figure and agent operating within societies, …