Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons^™

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Participatory Strategic Plan For The Marketing Of Chicken Broilers Produced By Beneficiary Families In The Area Of Influence Of The Benson Institute, In The City Otavalo, A. Lourdes Paola García

Theses and Dissertations

This study was done with the objective of helping families that produce poultry to market their product. Therefore, we determined that it is important to develop a strategic marketing plan to help producers reach their sales targets.
As such, this research is focused on the development of chapters that sustain and support the importance and benefits that will be achieved through the development and execution of the plan. This will help with the satisfaction of demand expectations.
The first chapter shows the theoretical framework, which explains basic concepts about diagnosis, marketing plan, marketing, projects, chicken broilers, and other related topics. …

Feed Conversion Index In Two Populations And Two Lines Of Guinea Pigs For Meat Production, Kathia Jordán Vargas

Theses and Dissertations

The guinea pig (Cavia aperea porcellus) is an alternative to improve human nutrition because its meat is of excellent taste and quality. Thus, it is an important nutritional source. The feed conversion index was determined under the basic (forage) and mixed (forage and concentrate) diets during the growth phase. This was done with both sexes located in the Tamborada and MEJOCUY populations, using the AUQUI, and San Luis lines. This was done in order to quantify how many kilograms of feed an animal must eat to gain one kilogram of live weight. The animals were randomly distributed into individual pools …

Evaluation Of The Production Yield In Two Guinea Pig Populations Under Field Conditions And Project Mejocuy Cages, Elbert Alan Estevez Siles

Theses and Dissertations

The breeding of the guinea pig in Bolivia has always been important for the inhabitants of rural areas. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been broader acceptance for consumption of the guinea pig in the urban middle class, beginning to grow the market of the meat of guinea pig in the Departamentos of Bolivia, because the good flavor and high degree of nutrition of this meat, therefore offering a good option to improve nutrition in the diet of Bolivians. Currently the type of breeding found of the valleys of Bolivia in the great majority of the communities is family-based, with …

Creation Of Three Nutritional Mixes Based On Amaranth (Amaranthus Caudatus) And Other Andean Crops For School-Aged Children (Cochabamba-Bolivia), Sandra Carola Delgadillo Barriga

Theses and Dissertations

In Bolivia we have three very valuable Andean grains: amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus), quinoa (Chenopodium quinua), and canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), which combined with cereals and legumes can become a complete and balanced food in order to combat the malnutrition that is so widespread in our region. In this study, various nutritional mixes were formulated, based on amaranth and other Andean crops, and the three best were chosen according to nutrition, palatability, and cost. They were: Andean Baby Food, Mixicereal, and Amaranth Cookie, which have an amino acid complement between 79% and 100% and give satisfactory amounts of protein, energy, and minerals …

Livestock Production Costs Of Small Ranches On The Central Altiplano, Alfredo Benito Lopez

Theses and Dissertations

One of the more important economic activities in the Altiplano region is raising livestock, the exploitation of cattle, sheep, and llamas which are raised and adapted to the conditions surrounding this activity. Livestock production plays a fundamental role in the economy of farming families by providing them products such as meat, milk, cheese, fiber, skins, and other products that each translate into monetary revenues. The present study was carried out in the community of "Chama 6 de julio," Ingavi Province, Department of La Paz, about 83 km. (51.6 miles) outside of La Paz at an elevation of 3,792 m. (12,440 …

Analysis Of A Mixed Cereal Of Legumes That Processes Similar Nutritional Characteristics To A Cereal Product Of Local Consumption And Its Economic Feasibility, Willy Ivan Anzaldo Garcia

Theses and Dissertations

In this analysis, we plan on developing vegetable mixes with high nutritional qualities and instant fuel consumption. These are to be used as a nutritional supplement in the feeding of children from 6 months of age. Initially, I selected the raw material, due to its high protein content and low cost (soy, tarhui, Cuban corn, rice, wheat, barley). They formed mixes with nutritional characteristics similar to the control for reference (15.5% of protein, 419 kcal of energy). From these formulas, different tests of completed production of mixtures, going so far as to obtain eight mixes with good nutritional and organoleptic …

Are There Ways To Enhance China's Food Security?, B. Gardner Delworth, Yahui Zhao

Faculty Publications

Chinese officials and newspapers express considerable concern about the country's capacity to feed its huge and still growing population. The rhetoric will be familiar to people in Western countries as a blend of "agrarian fundamentalism" and "Malthusianism." But beyond the official rhetoric, we will argue that reforms in land ownership and irrigation water pricing and management could have highly salutary impacts on agricultural output that could alleviate food shortages far into the future.

Diagnosis Of Livestock Production In Three Communities (Tunshi San Javier, San Antonio And Maria Auxiliadora) Using The Chambo Irrigation System - Guano, Egresado ÁNgel Montalvo Silva

Theses and Dissertations

During 43 weeks three communities belonging to the Chambo-Guano irrigation system (María Auxiliadora, San Antonio, and Tunshi San Javier) were studied. Each family had 0.662 ± 0.149 producing cows, 0.115 ± 0.048 dry cows, 0.381 ± 0.095 heifers, 0.252 ± 0.068 young bulls, 0.158 ± 0.052 bulls, and 0.568 ± 0.096 calves. The age at first mounting (21.696 ± 9.28 months) showed that the cows enter reproduction late. Of the cows, 71.94 ± 5.26% were of household varieties. To feed them, alfalfa was used at 79.86 ± 4.5%, undergrowth 56.83 ± 5.62%, corn stalks 48.2 ± 6.02%, kikuyu 19.42 ± …

Study Of Livestock Production Levels In Three Communities Near The City Of Riobamba, Raul Rolando Nuñez Lopez

Theses and Dissertations

This study was done by administering household surveys to 50% of the families in the three communities. Families were selected through stratified random sampling. This allowed us to determine how much families are exploiting species that have a significant level of production as well as whether they use them for a commercial activity or subsistence. With regard to cows, 60.40 ± 4.72% of families use them. Each family has an average of 1.68 ± 0.21 cows. Productive cows make up 36.9% of the above percentage, which is a majority. The measured rate of production was 6.48 ± 0.25 L/cow/day. Overall, …

Privatizing Public Lands, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

The federal government owns and controls more than 4 7 percent of the land in the Western United States'. The Interior department has jurisdiction over approximately 450 million acres, most of it used primarily for livestock grazing and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The federal forests, managed by the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture, contain about 325 million acres and include some of the prime timbergrowing lands in the world. Vast acreage's are also found in the national parks and Indian reservations. Most of federal land is used by recreationists of many types and is …

Study Of The Time Efficiency And Volume Of Wood Used For Three Types Of Stove In The Salitrón Community Of San Juan Ermita, Department Of Chiquimula, Fredy Samuel Coronado López

Theses and Dissertations

In developing countries such as Guatemala, firewood is increasingly being used for cooking in most rural areas. Consequently, there is a shortage of firewood in these areas beca use trees do not grow at the same rate as they are consumed. Some authors report that 90% of the heat from firewood is lost during combustion. Several alternatives to open pit fires exist to reduce the amount of firewood used. However, these alternatives need to be evaluated to determine their efficiency. This project compared the time efficiency and volume of firewood used in the Finlandia style improved stoves, Josefina stoves, and …

Report Of Developed Services In The El Pinalito Village Of The Chiquimula Municipality, Department Of Chiquimula, Fredy Samuel Coronado López

Theses and Dissertations

This paper reports on efforts to improve socioeconomic conditions and natural resource use in the El Pina lito community, department of Chiquimula, Guatemala. Students participating in supervised practical training at Centro Universitario de Oriente/Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (CUNORI) developed projects to address these issues. A general diagnostic instrument was created for this community to assist in the development of specific work projects. Students prepared community first-aid kits, agricultural activities with school children, and instructional sessions with farmers on how to prepare a family garden and efficiently manage domestic animals. Other activities included ornamental tree preparation for female participants …

Impacts On California Agriculture Of A Ban On Rice Straw Burning, B. Gardner Delworth, Richard E. Howitt, Charles Goodman

Faculty Publications

The burning of agricultural residues, particularly rice straw, has long been an issue of public concern in California's Sacramento Valley. Especially during days of autumn temperature inversions, the smoke in the atmosphere from burning is regarded by some as a serious health hazard and by nearly all residents as a public nuisance. Strong pressures have resulted in stringent regulations over agricultural burning, but a growing number of voices advocate a strict prohibition on burning. The prospect of a burning ban is worrisome to rice growers since burning is not only the most cost-effective way of disposing of the straw, but …

A Proposal For Reallocation Of Federal Grazing-Revisited, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

Over a quarter of a century ago, I analyzed the allocation procedures utilized by the federal agencies which administer livestock grazing on the public lands (Gardner 1962). Two factors contributing to grazing misallocation and reduced range productivity were identified: (1) the "eligibility" requirements that qualify permittees for grazing privileges prevented the utilization of forage by ranchers who would value it most, and (2) use-tenure insecurity resulting from cuts in permitted grazing impeded private investment in range improvements on the public ranges. In a second paper, I proposed that the grazing privilege system be reformed such that efficient allocation of forage …

An Incentive-Based Wild Horse Management System On Public Rangeland, Ray G. Huffaker, James E. Wilen, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

This paper explores an incentive-based management system to induce federal grazing permittees to choose sustained cattle stocking strategies which accommodate government-set wild horse numbers and nongrazing uses. Particular attention is paid to constraints imposed by federal grazing statutes. The proposed system employs increased livestock grazing fees to induce permittees to provide increased vegetation for consumption by wild horses and nongrazing uses. The negative impact of increased fees on permittee wealth is counterbalanced with compensatory transfer payments. Taken together, grazing fees and compensation payments induce multiple-use compliance by permittee-stewards and keep their discounted livestock profits intact at some predetermined level.

Cutting The Loss From Federal Irrigation Water Subsidies, B. Gardner Delworth, Ray G. Huffaker

Faculty Publications

The Bureau of Reclamation recently announced that its prime mission since 1902-building dams to make the desert bloom in the American West-is pretty much complete. While never really admitting that its newer projects have been economically infeasible, Bureau management has at last recognized that the days of the big public water project are gone. The Bureau now plans to turn its attention and resources to other more pressing problems, such as helping other agencies with construction projects needed to cope with hazardous waste.

Prevention And Health Economics, Harold H. Gardner

Faculty Publications

The relationship between doctors and patients in the medical and health field is a topic of recurrent discussion today. The topic is of immense interest because of the questions raised about value received for services purchased and because of the large amount of economic resource consumed. The size of the stakes are such that the debate will grow in the near future until some solution is found to remedy the value and cost for service dilemma.

Agriculture, Agribusiness, And Renewable And Natural Resource Program Review, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

The State University System of Florida has es tab 1 i shed A "Quest for Excellence11 in its Master Plan. It is a bold plan of action that will "unleash the University System from those time-bound constraints which would allow only gradual change. 11 It is also clear that the State University System of Florida plans to compete successfully with the very best academic universities. In its mission statement the University of Florida, as a land-grant institution, administers the In"s·t itute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), a special unit providing statewide food and .agricultural teaching, res.earch, and extension services. …

The Property Rights Paradigm And The Protection Of Oak In California, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

Once again our country is caught on the horns of a serious dilemma. Natural resources, such as land and water, are becoming increasingly scarce and therefore valuable. Concomitantly, and perhaps more importantly, these resources are recognized as having attributes or characteristics in the form of amenities that are coveted by non owners of these resources. A cheap and effective way of acquiring these amenities is to assert that the legal owners of the resources do not have the right to exclude those who want the amenities from consuming them. Or, almost equivalently, the resources must be used in certain ways …

Water Pricing And Rent Seeking In California Agricultre, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

Without irrigation water, agriculture in California would be little more than limited livestock grazing and some dryland farming of cereal crops. With irrigation water, California produces over 200 crops and is the leading agricultural state with nearly $4 billion in sales in 1980. The state's gross cash receipts from farm sales have consistently approached 10 percent of the U.S. total every year since 1960.

Two Agricultural Economists Look At Rural Sociology, B. Delworth Gardner, Carole Frank Nuckton

Faculty Publications

At the invitation of the editor, we shall attempt to describe our perceptions as agricultural economists of what is known to us as rural sociology. We should say right off that we are complimented that this invitation has been extended to us. We think that a comparison of our two disciplines has been useful to us, if only to clarify our thinking about our own. We emphasize that our perceptions are based on limited contact, and we have made no systematic study of your discipline. Even to attempt the critique and analysis of the kind requested of us presumes an …

Political Vs. Economic Incentives, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

H this paper is the best challenge that can be brought against the New Resource Economics (NRE) and its advocacy for privatization of the public lands, we are likely to see both around for a long time. If there is fallacy in the idea of privatization, it is not illuminated in the arguments of this article. The paper misrepresents what the NRE is, shows little comprehension of the basic concepts on which it rests, and completely reverses the basic nature of the privatization solution. I hope to demonstrate as much in this critique.

The Water Outlook And Economic Development In The West, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

The development of water is practically synonymous with the development of the Western United States, and much of the region's wealth is tied up in the rights to utilize water. It is this relationship between water development and allocation and the creation and distribution of existing wealth that makes water policy so controversial and is the principal focus of this paper.

A Welfare Analysis Of Production And Consumption Of Broadbeans In Egypt, B. Gardner Delworth, Adel N. Moustafa, Dyaa Abdou

Faculty Publications

The broadbean is one of the most important food items in Egypt and is both heavily subsidized and rationed, although the per family entitlement depends on quantities available. It is the basic staple for breakfast for most Egyptians in both rural and urban areas. The governmental policies that determine the production, marketing, and distribution of broadbeans affect consumers and producers. The government budget is also affected by the subsidy and trade policies. Thus, virtually every Egyptian is touched by policies affecting this crop and consumption commodity.

The Distribution Of Economic Rents When Irrigated Farmland Is Leased, Ray G. Huffaker, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Irrigation water supplied by federal reclamation projects has often been priced below its supply cost (Bureau of Reclamation, 1980, p. F-4). Pricing water below cost has been deliberate policy to stimulate irrigation development in the west. One effect of this underpricing is to add to the economic rents captured by federal water users.

Food Consumption An Distribution: An Overview, Dyaa Abdou, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Nearly everyone concedes that Egypt is faced with a serious food problem. The Egyptian agricultural sector is unable to feed the increasing and more affluent population. In 1980, agricultural output was estimated to be increasing by about 2.0 percent annually, whereas the country's annual population growth rate was estimated at about 2.3 percent. If the difference in these growth rates continues, Egypt must increase imports each year just to maintain per capita consumption at the present level [3].

Economic Implications Of The Policy For Pricing And Allocating Rice In Egypt, Sonia Mohamed Ali, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Rice is both heavily subsidized and rationed in Egypt. This policy has significant distributive effects and especially benefits low income consumers in both urban and rural areas of the country. In addition, the policy has important allocative effects in shifting scarce resources to inefficient uses. This paper attempts to measure the economic inefficiency associated with this policy in order that the policy makers may judge better whether or not the distributive benefits are worth the efficiency costs.

The Role Of Economic Analysis In Public Range Management, B. Delworth Gardner

Faculty Publications

Economic analysis has a vital, if not indispensable, role to play in the management decisions of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM} if the national welfare is to be served effectively. This rather sweeping conclusion is justified by the nature of the management problems faced by the BLM and by the unique view of the world provided by the field of economics.

Water Use In Agriculture Now And For The Future, B. Gardner Delworth

Faculty Publications

Water is the primary limiting factor in agriculture in the United States and the world. The western states have gained importance in agricultural production only through extensive use of irrigation from surface and groundwater sources. With the increase in population, these water supplies are facing new pressures for reallocation. Accurate scientific information concerning water availability, behavior, management, and value is essential in optimizing water allocation on farms, in agriculture, and among agriculture and the various other uses. This report is an overview of the physical, institutional, economic, and sociological aspects of the water issue from the standpoint of agriculture. It …