Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Moderating Effects Of Parental Feeding Practices And Emotional Eating On Dietary Intake Among Overweight African American Adolescents, Mary Quattlebaum

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the effects of parental feeding practices and adolescent emotional eating (EE) on dietary outcomes among overweight African American adolescents. Based on Family Systems Theory, it was hypothesized that parental feeding practices, such as parental monitoring and responsibility, would buffer the effects of EE on poor dietary quality, whereas practices such as concern about a child’s weight, restriction, and pressure-to-eat would exacerbate this relationship. Adolescents (N = 127; Mage = 12.83 ۫.74; MBMI % = 96.61 ± 4.14) provided baseline data from the Families Improving Together (FIT) for a Weight Loss trial and an ancillary study. Dietary outcomes …

The Wickedness Of Obesity, Justin C. Epps

English Department: Research for Change - Wicked Problems in Our World

“The Wickedness of Obesity” is written by myself, Justin Epps. This study evaluates the problems and causes of obesity. It has taken the lives of all different types of people. Being overweight can also affect what a person can do on a daily basis, as their weight can prevent them from participating in activities. Lab results show typical percentages of obesity among men and women along with other factors. This analysis shows that obesity is a major concern throughout the population within different groups. I conclude that obesity is a large issue in the world today.

Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid And Arachidonic Acid In Early Life: What Is The Best Evidence For Policymakers?, Stewart Forsyth, Philip C. Calder, Francis Zotor, Paul Amuna, Barbara J. Meyer, Bruce Holub

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: A wealth of information on the functional roles of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) from cellular, animal, and human studies is available. Yet, there remains a lack of cohesion in policymaking for recommended dietary intakes of DHA and ARA in early life. This is predominantly driven by inconsistent findings from a relatively small number of randomised clinical trials (RCTs), which vary in design, methodology, and outcome measures, all of which were conducted in high-income countries. It is proposed that this selective evidence base may not fully represent the biological importance of DHA and ARA during early and …

Project Sweat (Summer Weight And Environmental Assessment Trial): Study Protocol Of An Observational Study Using A Multistate, Prospective Design That Examines The Weight Gain Trajectory Among A Racially And Ethnically Diverse Convenience Sample Of Economically Disadvantaged School-Age Children, Laura C. Hopkins, Christine Penicka, Carly Evich, Blake Jones, Carolyn Gunther

Faculty Publications

Introduction Racial/ethnic minority school-age children are at risk for unhealthy weight gain during the summer, and there is a dearth of information regarding the underlying behavioural and environmental factors. The study objective is to provide an in-depth examination of dietary and physical activity behaviours and food, physical activity, and social environments of African American and Hispanic school-age children during the summer.

Methods and analysis An observational study will be conducted using a multistate (Ohio and Indiana, USA) prospective design examining the weight gain trajectory among a racially/ethnically diverse convenience sample of economically disadvantaged school-age children. In addition, a subset of …

Whole Grain Intake Of Australians Estimated From A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Dietary Intake Data From The 2011-13 Australian Health Survey, Leanne M. Galea, Eleanor J. Beck, Yasmine Probst, Chris Cashman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommend Australians choose mostly whole-grain and/or high-fibre varieties within the grains (cereal) foods category, with other groups specifying a whole grain Daily Target Intake of 48 g for Australians aged 9 years or above. The USA and UK report estimates of whole grain intake that are low and declining, and no comprehensive studies on whole grain intake in the Australian population are available. The present study aimed to determine national estimates of whole grain intake, compared with current recommendations. Design: A recently updated whole grain database was applied to the most current population dietary intake …

Adherence To Dietary Guidelines And Successful Aging Over 10 Years, Bamini Gopinath, Joanna Russell, Annette Kifley, Victoria M. Flood, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background. We aimed to prospectively examine the relationship between overall diet quality (reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines) and successful aging in a population-based cohort of older adults. Methods. In this population-based cohort study, we analyzed 10-year follow-up data from 1,609 adults aged 49 years and older, who were free of cancer, coronary artery disease, and stroke at the baseline and who had complete dietary data. Dietary data were collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total diet scores (TDS) were allocated for intake of selected food groups and nutrients for each participant as described in the national dietary guidelines. Higher …

Australian Pregnant Women's Awareness Of Gestational Weight Gain And Dietary Guidelines: Opportunity For Action, Khlood Bookari, Heather Yeatman, Moira J. Williamson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) can negatively impact on maternal and foetal health. Guidelines based on Institute of Medicine (IOM) encourage managing GWG by following healthy eating recommendations and increasing physical activity. This study investigated pregnant women’s knowledge of their optimal GWG and recommended dietary approaches for GWGmanagement. Method. English-speaking pregnant women were recruited from five hospitals in New SouthWales (Australia) and an online link. Prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and prepregnancy weight. Participants identified their recommended GWG. A survey assessed practical dietary knowledge and asked about broad dietary recommendations to prevent excessive GWG. …

First-Stage Development And Validation Of A Web-Based Automated Dietary Modeling Tool: Using Constraint Optimization Techniques To Streamline Food Group And Macronutrient Focused Dietary Prescriptions For Clinical Trials, Yasmine Probst, Evan Morrison, Emma Sullivan, Hoa K. Dam

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Sodium And Potassium Urinary Excretion And Dietary Intake: A Cross-Sectional Analysis In Adolescents, Carla Goncalves, Sandra Abreu, Patricia Padrao, Olivia Pinho, Pedro Graca, Joao Breda, Rute Santos, Pedro Moreira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Hypertension is the leading cause for heart disease and stroke, for mortality and morbidity worldwide, and a high sodium-to-potassium intake ratio is considered a stronger risk factor for hypertension than sodium alone. Objective: This study aims to evaluate sodium and potassium urinary excretion, and assess the food sources of these nutrients in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Design: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 250 Portuguese adolescents. Sodium and potassium excretion were measured by one 24-h urinary collection, and the coefficient of creatinine was used to validate completeness of urine collections. Dietary sources of sodium and potassium were …

A 6-Month Randomised Controlled Trial Investigating Effects Of Mediterranean-Style Diet And Fish Oil Supplementation On Dietary Behaviour Change, Mental And Cardiometabolic Health And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Adults With Depression (Helfimed): Study Protocol, Dorota M. Zarnowiecki, Jihyun Cho, Amy Wilson, Svetlana Bogomolova, Anthony Villani, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Theo Niyonsenga, Kerin O'Dea, Sarah Blunden, Barbara J. Meyer, Leonie Segal, Natalie Parletta

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Modern diets, characterised by excess consumption of processed foods, are accompanied by an epidemic of chronic diseases. Cardiovascular disease and depression carry a large burden of disease and often occur together. Poor dietary patterns have been identified as an independent risk factor for depression while healthy diets with minimally processed food are protective. Traditional Mediterranean diets have been shown to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease; however there is a need for clinical trials in people with depression. This paper reports the study protocol of a Mediterranean-style diet intervention conducted in adults with self-reported depression. Methods/design: HELFIMED is a parallel …

Baseline Dietary Patterns Are A Significant Consideration In Correcting Dietary Exposure For Weight Loss, S J. Grafenauer, L C. Tapsell, E J. Beck, M J. Batterham

Dr Marijka Batterham

Background/objectives: Dietary pattern studies are traditionally the domain of epidemiological research. From a clinical perspective, there is a need to explore the effects of changing food and dietary patterns of individuals. The aim was to identify patterns of food choice in the context of a clinical weight loss trial. Cluster analysis based on reported serves of food groups revealed dietary patterns informative for the clinical setting. Subjects/Methods: Cluster analysis was conducted using diet history data from two clinical trials at baseline, and outcomes at 3 months were reviewed based on these clusters (n=231). The cluster solution was analysed using defined …

Effectiveness Of Dietary Advice To Increase Fish Consumption Over A 12 Month Period, Elizabeth P. Neale, Amanda Cossey, Yasmine Probst, Marijka Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell

Dr Marijka Batterham

Habitual fish consumption is associated with numerous health benefits; however, in Australia fish intake remains low. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of specific or general fish consumption recommendations on fish intake behavior over the duration of a 12-month clinical trial. Participants were randomized into a control group (general die-tary advice), and two intervention groups (received dietetic advice to consume 180 g fish/wk), with one intervention group receiving LC omega-3 PUFA supplements. Dietary data was available for n = 117 at baseline, n = 85 at 3 months and n = 63 at 12 months. Total, …

Adherence To Dietary Guidelines And Successful Aging, Bamini Gopinath, Victoria M. Flood, Annette Kifley, Joanna Russell, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Experimental Biology 2015 conference, 28 March-1 April 2015, Boston, United States.

Dietary Validation Of A New Australian Food-Frequency Questionnaire That Estimates Long-Chain N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Bethany L. Sullivan, Janelle Brown, Peter Williams, Barbara Meyer

Peter Williams

Currently, there is no FFQ designed to capture the intakes of the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA. The objectives of this study were to validate a new LC n-3 PUFA FFQ by comparison with 3 d weighed food records (FR) and to determine its reproducibility assessed 4 to 6 weeks apart. Healthy male and female subjects (n 53) were recruited from Wollongong and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The FFQ and FR were analysed for LC n-3 PUFA intakes using a nutrient analysis software package and these intakes were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Spearman correlation coefficients. Bland–Altman analysis …

Changing Health Paradigms - Can The Concepts Of Wellness And Wellbeing Build Bridges In Dietary Counselling?, A T. Mcmahon, L Tapsell, P Williams

Peter Williams

Abstract of poster that presented at the 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, September 2013.

Dietary Intake Is Related To Multifactor Cardiovascular Risk Score In Obese Boys, Tracy L. Schumacher, Tracy L. Burrows, Dylan P. Cliff, Rachel A. Jones, Anthony D. Okely, Louise A. Baur, Philip J. Morgan, Robin Callister, May M. Boggess, Clare E. Collins

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) originates in childhood and early identification of risk factors provides an early intervention opportunity. The aim was to identify children at higher risk using a CVD risk score, developed from factors known to cluster in childhood. Risk was scored as very high (≥97.5th centile), high (≥95th), moderate (≥90th) or threshold (<90th) using normal pediatric reference ranges for 10 common biomedical risk factors. These were summed in a multifactor CVD risk score and applied to a sample of 285 observations from 136 overweight Australian children (41% male, aged 7–12 years). Strength of associations between CVD risk score and individual biomedical and dietary variables were assessed using univariate logistic regression. High waist circumference (Odds Ratio: 5.48 [95% CI: 2.60–11.55]), body mass index (OR: 3.22 [1.98–5.26]), serum insulin (OR: 3.37 [2.56–4.42]) and triglycerides (OR: 3.02 [2.22–4.12]) were all significantly related to CVD risk score. High intakes of total fat (OR: 4.44 [1.19–16.60]), sugar (OR: 2.82 [1.54–5.15]) and carbohydrate (OR 1.75 [1.11–2.77]) were significantly related to CVD risk score in boys only. This multifactor CVD risk score could be a useful tool for researchers to identify elevated risk in children. Further research is warranted to examine sex-specific dietary factors related to CVD risk in children.

Reliability And Validity Of A Short Ffq For Assessing The Dietary Habits Of 2-5-Year-Old Children, Sydney, Australia, Victoria Flood, Li Ming Wen, Louise Hardy, Chris Rissel, J Simpson, Louise Baur

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective A simple FFQ which ranks young children's dietary habits is necessary for population-based monitoring and intervention programmes. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and validity of a short FFQ to assess the dietary habits of young children aged 2–5 years.

Design Parents completed a seventeen-item FFQ for their children by telephone on two occasions, two weeks apart. Sixty-four parents also completed 3 d food records for their children. The FFQ included daily servings of fruit and vegetables, frequency of eating lean meat, processed meats, take-away food, snack foods (biscuits, cakes, doughnuts, muesli bars), potato …

Start Date May Predict Attrition 6 Months Into A 12mth Dietary Intervention Weight Loss Trial, Jane O'Shea, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton, Yasmine Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Holley Jones

Qingsheng Zhang

Participant recruitment is a difficult and time consuming aspect of clinical trials, often resulting in delays and budget overruns. Having reached recruitment targets the next challenge is participant retention. Some weight-loss studies have attrition rates around 60% which may introduce bias in the results. It may be possible to reduce attrition rates if known predictors can be found but to date few studies produced consistent results. The aim of this exploratory study was to determine whether start date could be a predictor of attrition for participants involved in the SMART weight loss clinical trial (ACTRN12608000425392). Recruitment for the trial occurred …

Defining The Functional Properties Of Dietary Protein And Protein-Rich Foods In Human Energy Expenditure, Sze Yen Tan, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton

Karen E. Charlton

Food has a number of functional properties that can support the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure and, theoretically, one of these is the thermic effect of food. Including high-protein foods in meals may be advantageous in contributing to energy expenditure but, in practice, the evidence needs to relate to specific foods and normal dietary conditions. Using the human whole room calorimeter facility, we conducted three studies to examine the effects of: (i) higher and lower levels of protein on energy expenditure; (ii) high-protein meals using different foods to deliver the protein; and (iii) omnivorous and vegetarian cuisines in …

A Food-Based Dietary Strategy Lowers Blood Pressure In A Low Socio-Economic Setting: A Randomised Study In South Africa, Karen E. Charlton, Naomi Levitt, Krisela Steyn, Deborah Jonathan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Nasheeta Peer, Katja Rossouw, Theresa Gogela, Carl J. Lombard

Karen E. Charlton

Objective To assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension. Methods A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention (n 40) or control (n 40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation content (salt replacement (SOLO™), bread, margarine, stock cubes, soup mix and a flavour enhancer) and 500 ml of maas (fermented milk)/d. The control diet provided the same quantities of the targeted foods but of standard commercial …

Dietary Methodology In Clinical Trials: Changing Dietary Fat Profiles, Linda Tapsell, Jane O'Shea, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton

Karen E. Charlton

No abstract provided.

Urinary Sodium Excretion, Dietary Sources Of Sodium Intake And Knowledge And Practices Around Salt Use In A Group Of Healthy Australian Women, Karen Charlton, Heather Yeatman, Fiona Houweling, Sophie Guenon

Karen E. Charlton

Objective: Strategies that aim to facilitate reduction of the salt content of foods in Australia are hampered by sparse and outdated data on habitual salt intakes. This study assessed habitual sodium intake through urinary excretion analyses, and identified food sources of dietary sodium, as well as knowledge and practices related to salt use in healthy women. Methods: Cross-sectional, convenient sample of 76 women aged 20 to 55 years, Wollongong, NSW. Data included a 24 hour urine sample, three-day food diary and a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Mean Na excretion equated to a NaCl (salt) intake of 6.41 (SD=2.61) g/day; 43% had …

Start Date May Predict Attrition 6 Months Into A 12mth Dietary Intervention Weight Loss Trial, Jane O'Shea, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton, Yasmine Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Holley Jones

Karen E. Charlton

Participant recruitment is a difficult and time consuming aspect of clinical trials, often resulting in delays and budget overruns. Having reached recruitment targets the next challenge is participant retention. Some weight-loss studies have attrition rates around 60% which may introduce bias in the results. It may be possible to reduce attrition rates if known predictors can be found but to date few studies produced consistent results. The aim of this exploratory study was to determine whether start date could be a predictor of attrition for participants involved in the SMART weight loss clinical trial (ACTRN12608000425392). Recruitment for the trial occurred …

Associations Between Baseline Erythrocyte N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Weight Indices In Volunteers For A Weight Loss Dietary Intervention, Linda Tapsell, J O'Shea, M Batterham, K Charlton, E Warensjo, R Thorne, K Zhang

Karen E. Charlton

No abstract provided.

Short Term Effects Of Energy Restriction And Dietary Fat Sub-Type On Weight Loss And Disease Risk Factors, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Sze Yen Tan, Grigorijs Teuss, Karen E. Charlton, Jane E. O'Shea, Eva M. Warensjo

Karen E. Charlton

Background and aims: Decreasing energy intake relative to energy expenditure is the indisputable tenet of weight loss. In addition to caloric restriction modification of the type of dietary fat may provide further benefits. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of energy restriction alone and with dietary fat modification on weight loss and adiposity, as well as on risk factors for obesity related disease. Methods and results: One-hundred and fifty overweight men and women were randomized into a 3 month controlled trial with four low fat (30% energy) dietary arms: (1) isocaloric (LF); (2) isocaloric with …

Dietary Consequences Of Recommending Reduced-Fat Dairy Products In The Weight-Loss Context: A Secondary Analysis With Practical Implications For Registered Dietitians, Deborah Nolan-Clark, Elizabeth Mathers, Yasmine Probst, Karen Charlton, Marijka Batterham, Linda Tapsell

Karen E. Charlton

Replacing full-fat dairy products with reduced-fat varieties is a dietetic strategy for reducing energy intake while maintaining nutritional adequacy. This study aimed to explore the dietary outcomes of this recommendation in the context of weight loss. This study involved a secondary analysis of diet-history data for 86 adults (23 males and 63 females; body mass index=31.1±3.4) who had completed 3 months of a weight-loss trial in 2009, including advice to consume reduced-fat dairy products. Dairy food intake was categorized using the Australian 1995 National Nutrition Survey food hierarchy. Paired t tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests determined dairy product consumption …

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Polymorphisms Predict Blood Pressure Response To Dietary Modification In Black Patients With Mild-To-Moderate Hypertension, B Rayner, R Ramesar, K Steyn, N Levitt, C Lombard, K Charlton

Karen E. Charlton

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Effects Of Increased Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat From Walnuts On Metabolic Parameters In Type Ii Diabetes, Cassandra Quick, Marijka Batterham, Linda Tapsell, Lynda Gillen, Karen Charlton, Sze Yen Tan, Grigorijs Teuss, Sayne Mam Dalton

Karen E. Charlton

Background/Objectives: Most dietary interventions have metabolic effects in the short term, but long-term effects may require dietary fat changes to influence body composition and insulin action. This study assessed the effect of sustained high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake through walnut consumption on metabolic outcomes in type II diabetes.Subjects/Methods: Fifty overweight adults with non-insulin-treated diabetes (mean age 54±8.7 years) were randomized to receive low-fat dietary advice ±30 g per day walnuts targeting weight maintenance (around 2000 kcal, 30% fat) for 1 year. Differences between groups were assessed by changes in anthropometric values (body weight, body fat, visceral adipose tissue) and …

Poor Knowledge And Dietary Practices Related To Iodine In Breastfeeding Mothers A Year After Introduction Of Mandatory Fortification, Samantha Axford, Karen Charlton, Heather Yeatman, G Ma

Karen E. Charlton

No abstract provided.

Adherence To Dietary Guideline And 15-Year Risk Of All-Cause Mortality, Joanna Russell, Victoria Flood, Elena Rochtchina, Bamini Gopinath, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, Adrian Bauman, Paul Mitchell

Joanna Russell

Past investigation of diet in relation to disease or mortality has tended to focus on individual nutrients. However, there has been a recent shift to now focus on overall patterns of food intake. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between diet quality reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines and mortality in a sample of older Australians, and to report on the relationship between core food groups and diet quality. This was a population-based cohort study of persons aged 49 years or older at baseline, living in two postcode areas west of Sydney, Australia. Baseline dietary data were collected during …