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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 329
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Gene Expression Changes In The Cell Types Of The Brain, Erica M. Weekman, Abigail E. Woolums, Tiffany L. Sudduth, Donna M. Wilcock
Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Gene Expression Changes In The Cell Types Of The Brain, Erica M. Weekman, Abigail E. Woolums, Tiffany L. Sudduth, Donna M. Wilcock
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications
High plasma levels of homocysteine, termed hyperhomocysteinemia, are a risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, which is the second leading cause of dementia. While hyperhomocysteinemia induces microhemorrhages and cognitive decline in mice, the specific effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on each cell type remains unknown. We took separate cultures of astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and neuronal cells and treated each with moderate levels of homocysteine for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. We then determined the gene expression changes for cell-specific markers and neuroinflammatory markers including the matrix metalloproteinase 9 system. Astrocytes had decreased levels of several astrocytic end feet …
Medicaid Managed Care And The Health Care Utilization Of Foster Children, Makayla Palmer, James Marton, Aaron Yelowitz, Jeffery Talbert
Medicaid Managed Care And The Health Care Utilization Of Foster Children, Makayla Palmer, James Marton, Aaron Yelowitz, Jeffery Talbert
Economics Faculty Publications
A recent trend in state Medicaid programs is the transition of vulnerable populations into Medicaid managed care (MMC) who were initially carved out of such coverage, such as foster children or those with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of the transition of foster children from fee-for-service Medicaid coverage to MMC coverage on outpatient health care utilization. There is very little empirical evidence on the impact of managed care on the health care utilization of foster children because of the recent timing of these transitions as well as challenges associated with finding data sets large …
Measuring Heightened Attention To Alcohol In A Naturalistic Setting: A Validation Study, Ramey G. Monem, Mark T. Fillmore
Measuring Heightened Attention To Alcohol In A Naturalistic Setting: A Validation Study, Ramey G. Monem, Mark T. Fillmore
Psychology Faculty Publications
Attentional bias to alcohol-related stimuli is believed to be an important contributor to the development and maintenance of drug abuse. There is a considerable body of research examining attentional bias, much of which has typically utilized image-display tasks as a means to assess the phenomenon. Little, however, is known about the nature of this bias in an individual’s natural environment. The current study sought to implement a novel approach to assessing attentional bias in vivo. Participants wore portable eye-tracking glasses that recorded video from their point of view and measured fixation time to objects they observed. They entered a room …
Physical Aggressiveness And Gray Matter Deficits In Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, David S. Chester, Donald R. Lynam, Richard Milich, C. Nathan Dewall
Physical Aggressiveness And Gray Matter Deficits In Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, David S. Chester, Donald R. Lynam, Richard Milich, C. Nathan Dewall
Psychology Faculty Publications
What causes individuals to hurt others? Since the famous case of Phineas Gage, lesions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) have been reliably linked to physically aggressive behavior. However, it is unclear whether naturally-occurring deficits in VMPFC, among normal individuals, might have widespread consequences for aggression. Using voxel based morphometry, we regressed gray matter density from the brains of 138 normal female and male adults onto their dispositional levels of physical aggression, verbal aggression, and sex, simultaneously. Physical, but not verbal, aggression was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the VMPFC and to a lesser extent, frontopolar cortex. Participants …
Effects Of Environmental Enrichment On Self-Administration Of The Short-Acting Opioid Remifentanil In Male Rats, Rebecca S. Hofford, Jonathan J. Chow, Joshua S. Beckmann, Michael T. Bardo
Effects Of Environmental Enrichment On Self-Administration Of The Short-Acting Opioid Remifentanil In Male Rats, Rebecca S. Hofford, Jonathan J. Chow, Joshua S. Beckmann, Michael T. Bardo
Psychology Faculty Publications
Background
Opioid abuse is a major problem around the world. Identifying environmental factors that contribute to opioid abuse and addiction is necessary for decreasing this epidemic. In rodents, environmental enrichment protects against the development of low dose stimulant self-administration, but studies examining the effect of enrichment and isolation (compared to standard housing) on the development of intravenous opioid self-administration have not been conducted. The present study investigated the role of environmental enrichment on self-administration of the short-acting μ-opioid remifentanil.
Methods
Rats were raised in an enriched condition (Enr), standard condition (Std), or isolated condition (Iso) beginning at 21 days of …
Negative Outcomes Of Teen Sexual Activity: Is There A Regional Effect?, Hannah Latta, Said Shahtahmasebi, Hatim A. Omar
Negative Outcomes Of Teen Sexual Activity: Is There A Regional Effect?, Hannah Latta, Said Shahtahmasebi, Hatim A. Omar
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
A recent victory with respect to teen sexual behavior is the reduction of the national teen birth rate. In 1991, there were 61.8 births per 1000 females aged 15-19. By 2014, this rate plummeted to 24.2 births per 1000 adolescent females. Averages, however, do not reflect state-level variation. For example, in 2014, Kentucky reported 35.3 births per 1000 adolescent females, while New York reported a teen birth rates of 16.1 births per 1000 adolescent females. This report asks: are these discrepancies due to regional factors, and are these differences statistically significant? To examine rural and urban differences in outcomes of …
End-Of-Life Care And Opioid Use In India: Challenges And Opportunities, Aasems Jacob, Aju Mathew
End-Of-Life Care And Opioid Use In India: Challenges And Opportunities, Aasems Jacob, Aju Mathew
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Influence Of Dietary Salt Knowledge, Perceptions, And Beliefs On Consumption Choices After Stroke In Uganda, Martin N. Kaddumukasa, Elly Katabira, Martha Sajatovic, Svetlana Pundik, Mark Kaddumukasa, Larry B. Goldstein
Influence Of Dietary Salt Knowledge, Perceptions, And Beliefs On Consumption Choices After Stroke In Uganda, Martin N. Kaddumukasa, Elly Katabira, Martha Sajatovic, Svetlana Pundik, Mark Kaddumukasa, Larry B. Goldstein
Neurology Faculty Publications
Background
Previous research on Uganda's poststroke population revealed that their level of dietary salt knowledge did not lead to healthier consumption choices.
Purpose
Identify barriers and motivators for healthy dietary behaviors and evaluate the understanding of widely accepted salt regulation mechanisms among poststroke patients in Uganda.
Methods
Convergent parallel mixed methods triangulation design comprised a cross-sectional survey (n = 81) and 8 focus group discussions with 7-10 poststroke participants in each group. We assessed participant characteristics and obtained insights into their salt consumption attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge. Qualitative responses were analyzed using an inductive approach with thematic analytic procedures. Relationships …
Cerebrovascular Pathology In Down Syndrome And Alzheimer Disease, Elizabeth Head, Michael J. Phelan, Eric Doran, Ronald C. Kim, Wayne W. Poon, Frederick A. Schmitt, Ira T. Lott
Cerebrovascular Pathology In Down Syndrome And Alzheimer Disease, Elizabeth Head, Michael J. Phelan, Eric Doran, Ronald C. Kim, Wayne W. Poon, Frederick A. Schmitt, Ira T. Lott
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications
People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for developing Alzheimer disease (AD) with age. Typically, by age 40 years, most people with DS have sufficient neuropathology for an AD diagnosis. Interestingly, atherosclerosis and hypertension are atypical in DS with age, suggesting the lack of these vascular risk factors may be associated with reduced cerebrovascular pathology. However, because the extra copy of APP leads to increased beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) accumulation in DS, we hypothesized that there would be more extensive and widespread cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with age in DS relative to sporadic AD. To test this hypothesis CAA, …
Aeromedical Transport Of Critically Ill Infants Less Than 3 Months Of Age, Anil P. George, Akshay Sharma, Scottie B. Day
Aeromedical Transport Of Critically Ill Infants Less Than 3 Months Of Age, Anil P. George, Akshay Sharma, Scottie B. Day
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Reducing Symptom Distress In Patients With Advanced Cancer Using An E-Alert System For Caregivers: Pooled Analysis Of Two Randomized Clinical Trials, David H. Gustafson, Lori L. Dubenske, Amy K. Atwood, Ming-Yuan Chih, Roberta A. Johnson, Fiona Mctavish, Andrew Quanbeck, Roger L. Brown, James F. Cleary, Dhavan Shah
Reducing Symptom Distress In Patients With Advanced Cancer Using An E-Alert System For Caregivers: Pooled Analysis Of Two Randomized Clinical Trials, David H. Gustafson, Lori L. Dubenske, Amy K. Atwood, Ming-Yuan Chih, Roberta A. Johnson, Fiona Mctavish, Andrew Quanbeck, Roger L. Brown, James F. Cleary, Dhavan Shah
Health and Clinical Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: Symptom distress in patients toward the end of life can change rapidly. Family caregivers have the potential to help patients manage those symptoms, as well as their own stress, if they are equipped with the proper resources. Electronic health (eHealth) systems may be able to provide those resources. Very sick patients may not be able to use such systems themselves to report their symptoms but family caregivers could.
Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the effects on cancer patient symptom distress of an eHealth system that alerts clinicians to significant changes in the patient’s symptoms, as …
A Brief Overview Of Intelligent Mobility Management For Future Wireless Mobile Networks, Ilsun You, Yuh-Shyan Chen, Sherali Zeadally, Fei Song
A Brief Overview Of Intelligent Mobility Management For Future Wireless Mobile Networks, Ilsun You, Yuh-Shyan Chen, Sherali Zeadally, Fei Song
Information Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
More Than Just Students: Personal Information Needs Of Esl Community College Students, Jennifer Jeffers
More Than Just Students: Personal Information Needs Of Esl Community College Students, Jennifer Jeffers
LIS Student Conference
Over a million international students attended U.S. colleges and universities in the 2015- 2016 academic year, international student enrollment has risen steadily over the past decade, and the majority of these students come from countries where English is not the primary language (Institute for International Education, 2016). Furthermore, the Pew Research Center reports that “future immigrants and their children will account for 88% of the U.S. population increase between 2016 and 2065” (as cited in Ramakrishnan, Barker, Vervoordt, & Zhang, 2017, p. 1).
Existing studies of international and English as a second language (ESL) students have focused mainly on their …
Meeting The Social Media Needs Of Lexington’S Lgbtq Community, Erin Weber
Meeting The Social Media Needs Of Lexington’S Lgbtq Community, Erin Weber
LIS Student Conference
Erin will present a strategic plan for the social media needs of the Pride Community Services Organization (PCSO) and Pride Library in Lexington. She will include discussion on whether social media is a means to a larger goal or a means unto itself for PCSO.
Tutoring And Writing Center Libguide, Jenna Wolf
Tutoring And Writing Center Libguide, Jenna Wolf
LIS Student Conference
No abstract provided.
Discovering Kentucky: What I Learned Processing Public Policy Papers, Sarah Coblentz
Discovering Kentucky: What I Learned Processing Public Policy Papers, Sarah Coblentz
LIS Student Conference
Over the course of one year Sarah processed collections relating to public policy as the Earle C. Clements Graduate Assistant at the Special Collections Research Center at UK. Through this position, she was able to learn more about the state of Kentucky and those fighting to protect its history and environment.
Learning About Research Data Services: My Lis 672 Practicum Experience, Steven Pfeiffer
Learning About Research Data Services: My Lis 672 Practicum Experience, Steven Pfeiffer
LIS Student Conference
Steven will describe his LIS 672 Practicum currently in progress at the University of Cincinnati Libraries. Especially important is a tool he developed to help researchers generate a ReadMe file for their work.
Menstrupedia: Fighting The Stigma Against Comprehensive Sex Education, Cindy Butor
Menstrupedia: Fighting The Stigma Against Comprehensive Sex Education, Cindy Butor
LIS Student Conference
This poster demonstrates how comics can be used to inform teens about puberty by focusing on the Indian comic Menstrupedia. It has been adapted from a PowerPoint presented at the 2017 Graphic Medicine Conference in Seattle and includes information about graphic medicine, the health-based comics movement.
Language And Socioeconomics Predict Geographic Variation In Peer Review Outcomes At An Ecology Journal, C. Sean Burns, Charles W. Fox
Language And Socioeconomics Predict Geographic Variation In Peer Review Outcomes At An Ecology Journal, C. Sean Burns, Charles W. Fox
Information Science Faculty Publications
Papers submitted by scientists located in western nations generally fare better in the peer review process than do papers submitted by scientists from elsewhere. This paper examines geographic variation in peer review outcomes (whether a manuscript is sent for review, review scores obtained, and final decisions by editors) for 3529 submissions over a 4.5 year period at the journal Functional Ecology. In particular, we test whether geographic variation in language and socioeconomics are adequate to explain most or are all of this variation. There was no relationship between the geographic regions of handling editors and the decisions to send …
Interactive Effects Of Ovarian Steroid Hormones On Alcohol Use And Binge Drinking Across The Menstrual Cycle, Michelle M. Martel, Tory Eisenlohr-Moul, Bethan A. Roberts
Interactive Effects Of Ovarian Steroid Hormones On Alcohol Use And Binge Drinking Across The Menstrual Cycle, Michelle M. Martel, Tory Eisenlohr-Moul, Bethan A. Roberts
Psychology Faculty Publications
Patterns and features of substance use and abuse vary across the menstrual cycle in humans. Yet, little work has systematically examined the within-person relationships between ovarian hormone changes and alcohol use across the menstrual cycle. Our study was the first to examine the roles of within-person levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in relation to daily alcohol use and binge drinking in young women. Participants were 22 naturally cycling women, ages 18-22, recruited through a university subject pool who reported any alcohol use and who completed a screening visit assessing study eligibility, followed by 35 subsequent days of data …
A Pilot Study Of Loss Aversion For Drug And Non-Drug Commodities In Cocaine Users, Justin Charles Strickland, Joshua S. Beckmann, Craig R. Rush, William W. Stoops
A Pilot Study Of Loss Aversion For Drug And Non-Drug Commodities In Cocaine Users, Justin Charles Strickland, Joshua S. Beckmann, Craig R. Rush, William W. Stoops
Psychology Faculty Publications
Background—Numerous studies in behavioral economics have demonstrated that individuals are more sensitive to the prospect of a loss than a gain (i.e., loss aversion). Although loss aversion has been well described in “healthy” populations, little research exists in individuals with substance use disorders. This gap is notable considering the prominent role that choice and decision-making play in drug use. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate loss aversion in active cocaine users.
Methods—Current cocaine users (N = 38; 42% female) participated in this within-subjects laboratory pilot study. Subjects completed a battery of tasks designed to assess …
Single Versus Concurrent Systems: Nominal Classification In Mian, Greville G. Corbett, Sebastian Fedden, Raphael Finkel
Single Versus Concurrent Systems: Nominal Classification In Mian, Greville G. Corbett, Sebastian Fedden, Raphael Finkel
Computer Science Faculty Publications
The Papuan language Mian allows us to refine the typology of nominal classification. Mian has two candidate classification systems, differing completely in their formal realization but overlapping considerably in their semantics. To determine whether to analyse Mian as a single system or concurrent systems we adopt a canonical approach. Our criteria – orthogonality of the systems (we give a precise measure), semantic compositionality, morphosyntactic alignment, distribution across parts of speech, exponence, and interaction with other features – point mainly to an analysis as concurrent systems. We thus improve our analysis of Mian and make progress with the typology of nominal …
"When Words Become Unclear": Unmasking Ict Through Visual Methodologies In Participatory Ict4d, Caitlin M. Bentley, David Nemer, Sara Vannini
"When Words Become Unclear": Unmasking Ict Through Visual Methodologies In Participatory Ict4d, Caitlin M. Bentley, David Nemer, Sara Vannini
Information Science Faculty Publications
Across the globe, our work and social lives are increasingly integrated with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), yet massive disparities in the values, uses and benefits of ICT exist. New methods are needed to shed light on unique and integrative concepts of ICT across cultures. This paper explores the use of visual methods to facilitate critical engagement with ICT—defined as situational awareness, reflexive ICT practice and power and control over ICT. This definition of critical ICT engagement is informed by a cultural identity lens, and intends to improve participatory methods in ICT for Development (ICT4D) and community technology design and …
Cloud‐Based Text Analytics Harvesting, Cleaning And Analyzing Corporate Earnings Conference Calls, Michael Chuancai Zhang, Vikram Gazula, Dan Stone, Hong Xie
Cloud‐Based Text Analytics Harvesting, Cleaning And Analyzing Corporate Earnings Conference Calls, Michael Chuancai Zhang, Vikram Gazula, Dan Stone, Hong Xie
Commonwealth Computational Summit
No abstract provided.
Cloud-Based Text Analytics: Harvesting, Cleaning And Analyzing Corporate Earnings Conference Calls, Michael Chuancai Zhang, Vikram Gazula, Dan Stone, Hong Xie
Cloud-Based Text Analytics: Harvesting, Cleaning And Analyzing Corporate Earnings Conference Calls, Michael Chuancai Zhang, Vikram Gazula, Dan Stone, Hong Xie
Commonwealth Computational Summit
Does management language cohesion in earnings conference calls matter to the capital market? As a part of the research on the above question, and taking advantage of the modern IT technologies, this project:
- harvested 115,882 earnings conference call transcripts from SeekingAlpha.com
- parsed and structured 89,988 transcripts using regular expressions in Stata
- analyzed 179,976 text files using Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), which
- saved almost 2 years (675 days) of the project time
Creating Space At The Table: Intellectual Freedom Can Bolster Diverse Voices, Shannon M. Oltmann
Creating Space At The Table: Intellectual Freedom Can Bolster Diverse Voices, Shannon M. Oltmann
Information Science Faculty Publications
Many of the most challenged books, year after year, feature voices from diverse communities (including those of women, racial or ethnic minorities, and LGBT people). Intellectual freedom protects these voices and protects our right to hear these voices. This essay discusses the definition of intellectual freedom, why diverse perspectives are important, and how intellectual freedom can bolster diverse voices. In turn, this can improve our relationships with one another, increasing empathy and respect, which can be reflected in numerous ways and is particularly important in a divisive political climate.
Psychosocial Functioning And The Cortisol Awakening Response: Meta-Analysis, P-Curve Analysis, And Evaluation Of The Evidential Value In Existing Studies, Ian Andres Boggero, Camelia E. Hostinar, Eric A. Haak, Michael L. M. Murphy, Suzanne C. Segerstrom
Psychosocial Functioning And The Cortisol Awakening Response: Meta-Analysis, P-Curve Analysis, And Evaluation Of The Evidential Value In Existing Studies, Ian Andres Boggero, Camelia E. Hostinar, Eric A. Haak, Michael L. M. Murphy, Suzanne C. Segerstrom
Psychology Faculty Publications
Cortisol levels rise immediately after awakening and peak approximately 30-45 minutes thereafter. Psychosocial functioning influences this cortisol awakening response (CAR), but there is considerable heterogeneity in the literature. The current study used p-curve and metaanalysis on 709 findings from 212 studies to test the evidential value and estimate effect sizes of four sets of findings: those associating worse psychosocial functioning with higher or lower cortisol increase relative to the waking period (CARi) and to the output of the waking period (AUCw). All four sets of findings demonstrated evidential value. Psychosocial predictors explained 1%-3.6% of variance in CARi and AUCw …
High Trait Shame Undermines The Protective Effects Of Prevalence Knowledge On State Shame Following Hpv/Cin Diagnosis In Women, Sarah Mcqueary Flynn, Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, Suzanne C. Segerstrom, Christen T. Logue, Jamie L. Studts
High Trait Shame Undermines The Protective Effects Of Prevalence Knowledge On State Shame Following Hpv/Cin Diagnosis In Women, Sarah Mcqueary Flynn, Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul, Suzanne C. Segerstrom, Christen T. Logue, Jamie L. Studts
Psychology Faculty Publications
Human papillomavirus (HPV), and the related, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are common yet poorly understood physical conditions. The diagnosis of HPV often elicits shame and guilt, which in turn may undermine psychological and physical health. The current study compared shame and guilt responses to diagnosis among two groups: women diagnosed with HPV/CIN and women diagnosed with Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV/IM). Eighty women recently diagnosed with HPV/CIN or EBV/IM completed measures of shame- and guilt-proneness, shame and guilt following diagnosis, and disease knowledge including prevalence estimates (HPV and EBV, respectively). HPV/CIN (vs. EBV/IM) predicted more diagnosis-related shame and guilt. Estimates of high …
Design And Validation Of Patient-Centered Communication Tools (Pact) To Measure Students' Communication Skills, Gloria R. Grice, Nicole M. Gattas, Theresa Prosser, Mychal Voorhees, Clark D. Kebodeaux, Amy Tiemeier, Tricia M. Berry, Alexandria Garavaglia Wilson, Janelle Mann, Paul Juang
Design And Validation Of Patient-Centered Communication Tools (Pact) To Measure Students' Communication Skills, Gloria R. Grice, Nicole M. Gattas, Theresa Prosser, Mychal Voorhees, Clark D. Kebodeaux, Amy Tiemeier, Tricia M. Berry, Alexandria Garavaglia Wilson, Janelle Mann, Paul Juang
Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications
Objective. To develop a comprehensive instrument specific to student pharmacist-patient communication skills, and to determine face, content, construct, concurrent, and predictive validity and reliability of the instrument.
Methods. A multi-step approach was used to create and validate an instrument, including the use of external experts for face and content validity, students for construct validity, comparisons to other rubrics for concurrent validity, comparisons to other coursework for predictive validity, and extensive reliability and inter-rater reliability testing with trained faculty assessors.
Results. Patient-centered Communication Tools (PaCT) achieved face and content validity and performed well with multiple correlation tests with significant findings for …