Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Waste Dynamics, Country Heterogeneity And The European Environmental Policy Effectiveness, Massimiliano Mazzanti

Massimiliano Mazzanti

No abstract provided.

A Critical Examination Of The Relationship Between The Use Of Gatekeepers, Trust, And Organisation Knowledge-Sharing, Deogratias Harorimana Dr

Dr Deogratias Harorimana

This thesis critically examines the relationship between gatekeepers, trust, and an organisation’s knowledge sharing. The research applied mixed methods with the case study approach. In this research the concept ‘gatekeeper’ is widely used to represent a class of those who are part of a knowledge management strategy; they collect information and knowledge and contextualise this before they can share it with the rest of the members of the organisation’s knowledge networks - within the formal and informal organisation. In this study, it was found that there was a strong relationship between the openness of a given firm, as regards its …

Paths To Success: Benchmarking Cross-Country Sustainable Tourism, Lucian Cernat, Julien Gourdon

Julien Gourdon

Given the complexity of the issues surrounding the concept of sustainable tourism, the current paper tries to provide a unified methodology to assess tourism sustainability, based on a number of quantitative indicators. The proposed methodological framework (Sustainable Tourism Benchmarking Tool – STBT) will provide a number of benchmarks against which the sustainability of tourism activities in various countries can be assessed. A model development procedure is proposed: identification of the dimensions (economic, socio-ecologic, infrastructure) and indicators, method of scaling, chart representation and evaluation on three Asian countries. This application to three countries shows us that a similar level of tourism …

From Public Infrastructure To National Economic Growth: Do Systematic Investment Practices Matter?, Kenneth A. Kriz

Kenneth A Kriz

This paper investigates the path effects of systematic government investment on national growth. We build a theory where government investment practices, along with other institutional variables, affect the quality of a country’s core public infrastructure system. This, in turn, positively affects national productivity. Using the path analysis method, we test our theoretical framework on a sample of data drawn from 25 developing economies during the period from 1990 to 2000. The results suggest that a unit increase in systematic public investment practices indirectly enhances national productivity with an increase of about $10-$15 in a country’s real per capita GDP through …

Freeing Funds To Meet Priorities And Needs: Sikika’S Campaign To Curb Unnecessary Expenditure In Tanzania, Peter Bofin, International Budget Partnership

International Budget Partnership

In 2008 the Tanzanian Prime Minister, Mizengo Pinda, ordered government ministries to reduce unnecessary expenditure on workshops, allowances, seminars, and luxury vehicles. While populist commitments by leaders are not unusual in Tanzania, this particular one seemed to be a direct response to Sikika’s media and advocacy campaign. This case study shows that a focus on media outreach and raising public awareness may not be enough to bring about changes in contexts where budget allocation processes are closed and there are strong internal pressures to maintain the widespread patronage and rents that can be drawn from recurrent expenditures in the budget. …

Demographic Transition In Resource Rich Countries: A Bonus Or A Curse?, Kjetil Bjorvatn, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

While East Asia benefited significantly from its demographic transition in the 1970s and 1980s, the youth wave that we currently observe in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has not had a similar impact on economic development. The present study argues that resource wealth is an important reason for understanding why. We develop a simple model highlighting how the income effect of increased labor supply may depend on resource rents, and provide empirical evidence that support the theoretical predictions. Using panel data covering the period from 1970–2006 for more than 120 countries, we find a negative interaction effect between …

Back To The Future Of Green Powered Economies, Juan B. Moreno-Cruz, M. Scott Taylor

Juan B. Moreno-Cruz

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of power density [Watts/m2] into economics. By introducing an explicit spatial structure into a simple general equilibrium model we are able to show how the power density of available energy resources determines the extent of energy exploitation, the density of urban agglomerations, and the peak level of income per capita. Using a simple Malthusian model to sort population across geographic space we demonstrate how the density of available energy supplies creates density in energy demands by agglomerating economic activity. We label this result the density-creates-density hypothesis and evaluate it using …

Economic Benefits Analysis Of Mining Industries In Png And Solomon Islands, Deogratias Harorimana Sr

Dr Deogratias Harorimana

This paper discusses mining and mineral operations in the two countries Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands with regards to its contribution to the overall Gross domestic Product and the economic development of each country.

Our finding shows that mining is an excellent contributor to economic growth and development as in the case of Papua New Guinea.Tax revenue from PNG Mining industries contributions to the PNG fiscal basket remains strong and growing steadily. The mining and minerals tax revenue remains an important contributor to the government fiscal budget over the last 10 years. This has been a strong contributor to …

Circular And Temporary Migration Regimes And Their Implications For Family, Piyasiri Wickramasekara

PIYASIRI WICKRAMASEKARA

he focus on migrant workers in discussions of international migration has tended to detract attention from the role of migrant families. There is consensus that family unification is important for migrants because it helps to promote their effective integration in host countries. Further family fragmentation has adverse impacts on all family members, and there is considerable research to show that the social cost of migration on families left behind, especially children, can be high. Different migration regimes and policies have different implications for the unity and integrity of migrant families. This paper considers the implications of circular migration regimes (which …

Procedural Paper Draft. Asset Inequality Conceptual Framework And Measurement Methodology, Luis A. Villasenor

Adrián Villaseñor

No abstract provided.

Review Of Solomon Islands’ Policies And Programs To Promote Private Sector Development And Small Business, Deogratias Harorimana Sr

Dr Deogratias Harorimana

Solomon Islands is a nation with vast resources with huge potential to excel economically if proper business atmosphere is provided for both private sector development and small and medium enterprises entrepreneurship. Conducive policies that, not only, a mere statement but is broken down to workable strategies with quantitative expected outcome with a strong mentoring mechanism is very important. Previous governments have continuously ignored the importance of having small business policies until lately when NCRA government came up with a set of policies that strategically addresses the significance of small and medium businesses. However, notwithstanding foreign investment is very important in …

Regional Integration And Natural Resources: Who Benefits? Evidence From Mena, Céline Carrère, Julien Gourdon, Marcelo Olarreaga

Julien Gourdon

This paper is built on Venables (2011) theoretical predictions which show that gains from regional integration are unevenly distributed between resource rich and poor countries. We explore the effects of different integration schemes in Middle East and North Africa. Results suggest that within Pan Arab Free Trade Agreement (PAFTA), there is significant trade creation for resource poor countries associated with regional integration, and no evidence of trade diversion. In resource rich countries, however, there is evidence of pure trade diversion in both resource-rich/labor-abundant countries and resource-rich/labor-importing countries. This underscores the idea that regional integration can help to spread benefits of …

Rural Poverty = Information Poverty? Computers As New Knowledge Brokers In Rural India, Payal Arora

Payal Arora

No abstract provided.

Sectoral Invariances Or Distance-To-The-Frontier Effect Among European Mid-Low Tech Sectors, Claudio Fassio

Claudio Fassio

This study analyses empirically the determinants and the economic effects of innovative activity among firms operating in mid-low tech sectors in Germany, Italy and Spain. The aim of the paper is to check –within the same sectors across the three countries– whether technology-related sectoral invariances in innovative patterns prevail, or whether they depend rather on the level of technological development of each national sector. The former case corresponds to the scenario predicted by the sectoral systems of innovation literature, while the latter is consistent with the distance-to-the-frontier framework. In this paper the results of an econometric analysis on the determinants …

Globalization And Innovation In Advanced Economies, Claudio Fassio, Cristiano Antonelli

Claudio Fassio

This chapter analyzes the effects that the international integration of product markets induced by globalization exerts on the direction of technological change at the industry level.

The Economics Of The Light Economy.Globalization, Skill-Biased Technological Change And Slow Growth, Claudio Fassio, Cristiano Antonelli

Claudio Fassio

The paper provides an interpretative framework and structured empirical evidence of the processes leading to the emergence of a light and slow growth economy in advanced countries. The interpretative framework rests upon the grafting of a) the Schumpeterian hypothesis about the determinants of the rate of technological change with b) the Kuznets approach on the strict complementarity of structural and technological change, and c) the new approach about the direction of technological change biased towards the most intensive use of locally abundant production factors, into d) the dynamic version of the Heckesher-Ohlin analysis of international economics that accounts the introduction …

“Trends In Public And Private Investments In Agricultural R&D: Implications For Growth”, Sandeep Kumar

Sandeep Kumar Baliyan

The role of higher R&D investments in pushing Indian agriculture on higher growth trajectory is being widely recognised, however, it is all the more important to set right priorities of R&D investments with improved efficiency to gear up the economy. This article seeks to examine the recent trends in government expenditures and private R&D investments for agriculture; along with sectoral and regional priorities. Our study clearly showed that the expenditure on agricultural research which grew with an impressive rate of 6 per cent during the 1980s, slowed down to 3 per cent since the 1990s seem to be a concern …

Bank Credit And Economic Growth: A Dynamic Panel Analysis, Nuno Carlos Leitão

Nuno Carlos Leitão

This study examines the link between bank lending and economic growth for European Union (EU-27) for the period 1990 to 2010. We apply a dynamic panel data (GMM-system estimator). This estimator permits to solve the problems of serial correlation, heteroskedasticity and endogeneity for some explanatory variables. As the results show, savings promotes growth. The inflation and bank credit have a negative impact on economic growth as previous studies.

Pollution, Economic Development And Democracy: Evidence From The Mena Countries, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan, Gunther Markwardt

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries are among the top emitters of CO2 and SO2 in per capita terms in the world. Our goal is to show that whether investing in the democratic development of countries is an effective tool to make the economic growth in this region more environmentally compatible. We use pooled OLS, country and time fixed and random effects, and system GMM method to estimate the marginal pollution impact of a 1% increase in GDP per capita at different levels of democracy from 1960 to 2005.

Regardless of method of estimation, we can see a …

Resource Wealth And Entrepreneurship: A Blessing Or A Curse?, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Resource-rich countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have the highest youth unemployment rate in the world. While other parts of the world are experiencing an increasing trend in new firms’ formation as a potential solution for their unemployment problem, the MENA region has the lowest records in new business establishments. In this study, we investigate the reasons behind such a significant lag of the resource-rich countries in entrepreneurship. Panel data for more than 80 countries from 2004-2009 shows that higher dependence on resource rents reduces entrepreneurship activities. The decline is more significant in countries with higher levels …

Natural Resources And Internal Conflicts - How Decentralization Lifts The Curse, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan, Gunther Markwardt, Christian Lessmann

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

We study how the natural resource endowments affect risk of internal conflicts and how this effect depends on decentralization levels in a political system. Resource rents, especially lootable resources such as oil, finance conflicts, creating strong separatist movements. Our main hypothesis is that increasing the levels of political decentralization can limit the destructive effect of the natural resource rents on internal conflicts. We use cross-country and panel data covering the period from 1984–2004 from more than 80 countries to test this hypothesis. Our estimates confirm that the relationship between the natural resource rents and risk of internal conflict is dependent …

Military Spending And Economic Growth: The Case Of Iran, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Iranian government budget on military over the last decade has been higher than the average of the world. The current increasing international sanctions aim to reduce the military capabilities and capacities of the Iranian government. In this study, we analyze the response of the Iranian economy to shocks in its military budget from 1959-2007, using Impulse Response Functions (IRF) and Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA) techniques. The Granger causality results show that there is unidirectional causality from military spending to the economic growth. The response of income growth to increasing shocks in the military budget is positive and statistically significant.

Resource Curse And Power Balance: Evidence From Iran, Kjetil Bjorvatn, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan, Friedrich Schneider

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Empirical research shows that natural resources have a detrimental effect on economic growth, a phenomenon known as the “resource curse”. Competition between influence groups for access to the resource rents, that is, rent-seeking, is often blamed for this curse. In this paper we dig deeper into the link between political competition and the resource curse by studying the case of Iran from 1960-2007. We present a theoretical model demonstrating how the effect of rents on the economy depends on the balance of political power. The model shows that an increase in rents may lead to a sharp reduction in income …

“El Desarrollo Municipal En Tamaulipas Y Su Relación Con La Competitividad, 1990-2010”, Ramiro Esqueda-Walle

Ramiro Esqueda-Walle

*Se proporciona texto completo mediante solicitud.resquedaw@uat.edu.mx
*Full text upon request.resquedaw@uat.edu.mx

Smart Stimulus Amid Deepening Debt: Future-Flow Tax Credit Programs, William Werkmeister

William Werkmeister

No abstract provided.

Determinants And Effects Of Research Partnerships In China’S Emerging Market, Wubiao Zhou

Wubiao Zhou

No abstract provided.

Your Kool-Aid Is Not My Kool-Aid: Ideologies On Microfinance Within An Ingo Culture, Payal Arora

Payal Arora

Development investigations focus on synergies of institutional cultures for policy and practice. International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) currently enjoy a privileged position as harbingers of world culture unity. While there is contestation on INGOs as monolithic entities, few studies delve into the voices of actors within INGOs to provide for a more pluralistic perspective. This paper separates the actors from their institution by examining their different socio-cultural takes that drive them. This emphasises that as projects and visions come and go, institutional actors draw on their own philosophy that does not necessarily mirror their institution's stance. Here, the focus is on …

Production And Financial Linkages In Inter-Firm Networks: Structural Variety, Risk-Sharing And Resilience, Sandro Montresor, Giulio Cainelli, Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti

Sandro Montresor

The paper analyzes how (production and financial) inter-firm networks can affect firms’ default probabilities and observed default rates. A simple theoretical model of shock transfer is built to investigate some stylized facts on how firm-idiosyncratic shocks are allocated in the network, and how this allocation changes firm default probabilities. The model shows that the network works as a perfect “risk-pooling” mechanism, when it is both strongly connected and symmetric. But the “risk-sharing” does not necessarily reduce default rates, unless the shock firms face is lower on average than their financial capacity. Conceived as cases of symmetric inter-firm networks, industrial districts …

The Dynamics Of Economic And Environmental Efficiency, Massimiliano Mazzanti, Valeria Costantini

Massimiliano Mazzanti

http://www.springer.com/economics/environmental/book/978-94-007-5088-3

Aggregation Biases In Environmental Extended Input Output: Evidence From Italy And Spain, Massimiliano Mazzanti

Massimiliano Mazzanti

No abstract provided.