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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Political Embeddedness And Academic Corruption In Chinese Universities, Qian Forrest Zhang
Political Embeddedness And Academic Corruption In Chinese Universities, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Agricultural Modernization In China And Its Impact On Cities: From The Perspective Of Rural-Urban Linkage, Qian Forrest Zhang
Agricultural Modernization In China And Its Impact On Cities: From The Perspective Of Rural-Urban Linkage, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Private Exchanges Of Agricultural Land In Zhejiang, China: A Road To Agrarian Capitalism Or Path-Dependent Transformation?, Qian Forrest Zhang
Private Exchanges Of Agricultural Land In Zhejiang, China: A Road To Agrarian Capitalism Or Path-Dependent Transformation?, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Reforming China's State-Owned Farms: State Farms In Agrarian Transition, Qian Forrest Zhang
Reforming China's State-Owned Farms: State Farms In Agrarian Transition, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
China’s 2000 strong state-owned farms are experiencing a dual transition in the country’s economic reforms: the market transition (from state-owned enterprises embedded in the redistributive system to independent enterprises in the new market economy) and agrarian transition (from small-scale, household-based agriculture to large-scale, capitalist forms of agriculture that rely on market exchanges of land, labor and products). This paper highlights the results of a comparative analysis of the state farms and rural farming households in the agrarian transition to address the theoretical debate about agrarian transition. Using field research data from state farms in HeilongJIANG Province and drawing extensively from …
Women’S Entry Into Self-Employment In Urban China: The Role Of Family In Creating Gendered Mobility Patterns, Qian Forrest Zhang, Zi Pan
Women’S Entry Into Self-Employment In Urban China: The Role Of Family In Creating Gendered Mobility Patterns, Qian Forrest Zhang, Zi Pan
Qian Forrest ZHANG
How did family characteristics affect women and men differently in self-employment participation in urban China? Analyses of national data show dual marriage penalties for women. Marketization made married women more vulnerable to lay-offs from state-sector jobs; their likelihood of being pushed into unskilled self-employment surpassed that of any other groups. The revitalized patriarchal family tradition favored men in family businesses and resulted in their higher rates of entering entrepreneurial self-employment. Married women who had the education to pursue entrepreneurial self-employment were constrained by family responsibilities to state-sector jobs for access to family services, and had much lower rates in entering …
The Uselessness Of The “Middle Class” Notion, Qian Forrest Zhang
The Uselessness Of The “Middle Class” Notion, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Who Tipped Over China’S Vegetable Basket?, Qian Forrest Zhang
Who Tipped Over China’S Vegetable Basket?, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Re-Thinking The Rural-Urban Divide In China’S New Stratification Order, Qian Forrest Zhang
Re-Thinking The Rural-Urban Divide In China’S New Stratification Order, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
I use a Marxist framework centred on the mode of production to conceptually analyze the changing stratification structure in today’s China with a focus on the changing nature of rural-urban inequality. As the state-managed tributary mode of production, once dominant under socialism, is being gradually eclipsed by the reviving petty-commodity mode of production and the newly emerged capitalist mode of production, both of which are market-based and enable the transfer of surplus from labour to capital, a new set of mechanisms are creating and sustaining rural-urban inequality in China. Rural-urban inequality – although still significant in its magnitude – is …
The Changes And Non-Changes Of China's Rural Land, Qian Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
The Changes And Non-Changes Of China's Rural Land, Qian Forrest Zhang, John A. Donaldson
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Gender Disparities In Self-Employment In Urban China's Market Transition: Income Inequality, Occupational Segregation And Mobility Processes, Qian (Forrest) Zhang
Gender Disparities In Self-Employment In Urban China's Market Transition: Income Inequality, Occupational Segregation And Mobility Processes, Qian (Forrest) Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
This paper presents the first quantitative analysis of gender disparities in selfemployment in urban China. It documents the extent of gender income inequality in selfemployment. By disaggregating self-employment into three occupational classes, it shows the gender segregation within self-employment—women were concentrated in the financially least rewarding segment—and identifies it as a main source of the gender income inequality. It examines a range of determinants of participation in self employment—family structure, family background, and career history—and how their gender-specific effects contributed to gender segregation. Although using data from a 1996 national survey, this study captures two key processes that shaped the …
Dissecting The ‘Third Wave Of Emigration’ In China, Qian Forrest Zhang
Dissecting The ‘Third Wave Of Emigration’ In China, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
The Political Economy Of Contract Farming In China’S Agrarian Transition, Qian Forrest Zhang
The Political Economy Of Contract Farming In China’S Agrarian Transition, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
How does rural China’s political economy determine the motivations and constraints that drive small farmers and agribusiness companies into contract farming and shape its practice and impact? This paper identifies three distinctive features of contract farming in China—varied impact on rural inequality, unstable contractual relations, and lack of competitiveness with other alternatives—and proposes tentative explanations with three features in rural China’s political economy: strong collective institutions, active state support for agriculture, and strong domestic markets. The recent turn in China’s agrarian transition toward vertical integration of agriculture with industries is, however, undermining these conditions and may move China toward more …
Development Of Land Rental Markets In Rural Zhejiang: Growth Of Off-Farm Jobs And Institution Building, Qian Forrest Zhang, Qingguo Ma, Xu Xu
Development Of Land Rental Markets In Rural Zhejiang: Growth Of Off-Farm Jobs And Institution Building, Qian Forrest Zhang, Qingguo Ma, Xu Xu
Qian Forrest ZHANG
We employ survey data collected in 2001 in Zhejiang province to investigate patterns and determinants of land market development. Previous studies have noted the correlation between growth of off-farm jobs and rental-market development at the aggregate level, but failed empirically to demonstrate mechanisms at the disaggregate level. Our analyses find concrete evidence at the household level connecting developments in labour and land markets. Growth in off-farm jobs allow rural households to transfer labour out of farming and prompt them to relinquish land rights, generating a supply of land that drives rental activities. We also go beyond interactions between factor markets …
The Rise Of Agrarian Capitalism With Chinese Characteristics: Agricultural Modernization, Agribusiness And Collective Land Rights, Qian Forrest Zhang, John Andrew Donaldson
The Rise Of Agrarian Capitalism With Chinese Characteristics: Agricultural Modernization, Agribusiness And Collective Land Rights, Qian Forrest Zhang, John Andrew Donaldson
Qian Forrest ZHANG
The article discusses the agricultural transformation taking place in the rural areas of China. Details about the Chinese laws regarding rural reform and the effect they have had on rural Chinese farmers and families are included. The authors examine the expansion of agrarian capitalism in China and describe the rise of agribusiness in rural Chinese areas. The practices of Chinese agribusinesses and the Chinese land rights laws are explored. The relationships between individual farmers and agribusinesses is also examined.
Residential Segregation Of Asian Americans In The Atlanta Metropolitan Area, 1990, Qian Forrest Zhang
Residential Segregation Of Asian Americans In The Atlanta Metropolitan Area, 1990, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
From Peasants To Farmers: Peasant Differentiation, Labor Regimes And Land-Rights Institutions In China’S Agrarian Transition, Qian Forrest Zhang, John Andrew Donaldson
From Peasants To Farmers: Peasant Differentiation, Labor Regimes And Land-Rights Institutions In China’S Agrarian Transition, Qian Forrest Zhang, John Andrew Donaldson
Qian Forrest ZHANG
The development of factor markets has opened Chinese agriculture for the penetration of capitalism. This new round of rural transformation—China’s agrarian transition— raises the agrarian question in the Chinese context. This study investigates how capitalist forms and relations of production transform agricultural production and the peasantry class in rural China. The authors identify six forms of nonpeasant agricultural production, compare the labor regimes and direct producers’ socioeconomic statuses across these forms, and evaluate the role of China’s land-rights institution in shaping these forms. The empirical investigation presents three main findings: (1) Peasant differentiation : capitalist forms of agricultural production differentiate …
China’S Milk Powder Incident And Governance Crisis, Qian Forrest Zhang
China’S Milk Powder Incident And Governance Crisis, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Agricultural Modernization In China And Its Impact On Cities, Qian Forrest Zhang
Agricultural Modernization In China And Its Impact On Cities, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
No abstract provided.
Status And Hierarchy: A Framework For Understanding Stratification And Inequality In Today’S China, Qian Forrest Zhang
Status And Hierarchy: A Framework For Understanding Stratification And Inequality In Today’S China, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
Social hierarchies and inequality in a society are shaped by the modes of production that extract and transfer surplus among social groups. In China under socialism, the redistributive economy established a powerful tributary mode of production (TMP) that extracted surplus from rural areas to cities and from commoner producers to cadre-officials. This TMP created two fundamental hierarchies in socialist China: the urban-rural divide and the official-commoner divide, both of which were based on politically defined statuses. China’s post-socialist transition has led to both a resurgence of the traditional petty-commodity mode of production (PCMP) and the rise of a novel capitalist …
Economic Transition And New Patterns Of Parent-Adult Child Coresidence In Urban China, Qian Forrest Zhang
Economic Transition And New Patterns Of Parent-Adult Child Coresidence In Urban China, Qian Forrest Zhang
Qian Forrest ZHANG
This study uses national data from the 1996 Life History and Social change in Contemporary China survey (N = 3,087) to gauge the effect of the economic transition on parent-adult child coresidence in urban China. Previous studies find that, thanks to state actions, traditional patterns in coresidence persisted in post-Mao urban China. This study still finds high levels of coresidence. China's aging population, coupled with an underdeveloped social security system, means that the traditional role of family will remain strong. It also uncovers three new patterns, however, best explained as caused by changes in the economic realm. First, the coresidence …
The Transformation Of Urban Vegetable Retail In China: Wet Markets, Supermarkets, And Informal Markets In Shanghai, Qian Forrest Zhang, Zi Pan
The Transformation Of Urban Vegetable Retail In China: Wet Markets, Supermarkets, And Informal Markets In Shanghai, Qian Forrest Zhang, Zi Pan
Qian Forrest ZHANG
The state-monopolised system of vegetable retail in socialist urban China has transformed into a market-based system run by profit-driven actors. Publicly owned wet markets not only declined in number after the state relegated its construction to market forces, but were also thoroughly privatised, becoming venues of capital accumulation for the market operators now controlling these properties. Self-employed migrant families replaced salaried state employees in the labour force. Governments’ increased control over urban public space reduced the room for informal markets, exacerbating the scarcity of vegetable retail space. Fragmentation in the production and wholesale systems restricted modern supermarkets’ ability to establish …