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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- COVIS (2)
- Key peck (2)
- Parkinson’s disease (2)
- Pigeons (2)
- Stimulus classes (2)
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- Successive matching (2)
- Agent (1)
- Airline quality rating (AQR) (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Anti-symmetry (1)
- Badwater (1)
- CLARION. (1)
- COVIS. (1)
- Categorization (1)
- Centre frequency (1)
- Cognitive architecture (1)
- Computational modeling (1)
- Computational modeling. (1)
- DSM-5 (1)
- DSM-5; borderline personality disorder; prototype; antagonism; dependency (1)
- Dimensional (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- EEG (1)
- Emergent relations (1)
- Five-factor model (1)
- Identity bias (1)
- Indirect category learning (1)
- Maladaptive (1)
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (1)
- Passenger perceptions (1)
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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Changes In Eeg During Ultralong Running, M. Doppelmayr, P. Sauseng, H. Doppelmayr, I. Mausz
Changes In Eeg During Ultralong Running, M. Doppelmayr, P. Sauseng, H. Doppelmayr, I. Mausz
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
There are only a few studies using human electroencephalograms (EEGs) to investigate bioelectrical changes in the brain during exercise (running or cycling). These studies report an increase in EEG alpha amplitude during and immediately after exercise. However, only exercises within a relatively short time interval of approximately 1 hour have been investigated. Thus, we focussed on long-lasting exercise and report three single case studies, performed on the same participant, during extended exercise and under different thermal conditions. EEG was recorded during a 12-, 24-, and 56-hour ultramarathon. The 56-hour race was performed under extreme thermal stress in Death Valley, CA, …
Perceived Motion Sickness And Effects On Performance Following Naval Transportation, Joakim Dahlman, Torbjörn Falkmer, Fredrik Forsman
Perceived Motion Sickness And Effects On Performance Following Naval Transportation, Joakim Dahlman, Torbjörn Falkmer, Fredrik Forsman
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
The present study focused on the relationship between previous experiences of, and rated susceptibility to, motion sickness and its correlation to subjective measurements and actual performance. Performance was measured in terms of shooting precision among 23 participants from the Swedish amphibious corps after transportation in a small amphibious boat, while sealed off with no reference to the outside world. Self-rating questionnaires were collected regarding perceived performance and presence of motion sickness. The physiological status perceived by each participant was related to factors that generally indicate early stages of motion sickness, which also were correlated to deficits in performance. It was …
Investigating Visual Alerting In Complex Command And Control Environments, Jacquelyn M. Crebolder
Investigating Visual Alerting In Complex Command And Control Environments, Jacquelyn M. Crebolder
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
A series of experiments was conducted to investigate visual alerting in complex command and control environments, where operators must use several displays to perform tasks. In the first experiment, the speed of detection of two alerts, one in the form of a short bar and the other a border surrounding the perimeter of the display, were compared under flashing and static states. Findings showed that bar alerts were detected faster than border alerts and that adding a flashing attribute did not provide a benefit. The second study monitored which display participants were attending to when the alert appeared, and the …
Sleep Disturbance Implications For Modern Military Operations, Douglas R. Lindsay, Jeff Dyche
Sleep Disturbance Implications For Modern Military Operations, Douglas R. Lindsay, Jeff Dyche
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
As is evident from current military operations that are happening around the globe (e.g., Iraq, Afghanistan, Korea), today’s military is being called on in numerous new and innovative ways (e.g., Foster & Lindsay, 2011). One of the primary forces behind this change is the pervasiveness of enhanced information systems. In fact, the concept of networked warfare is the basis of operations and doctrine for the armed forces (Wesensten, Belenky, & Balkin, 2005). With respect to Admiral Cebrowski’s quote, it appears that this notion of information in warfare is going to continue to influence the way that we approach and conduct …
Perceptions Of Industry Change: Decadal Comparative Analysis Of Consumer Satisfaction, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Bowen, Dean E. Headley, Edward Sabin
Perceptions Of Industry Change: Decadal Comparative Analysis Of Consumer Satisfaction, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Bowen, Dean E. Headley, Edward Sabin
Aviation Technology Faculty and Staff Publications
Longitudinal comparisons of perceptions are rarely available over rapid industrial change, and few industries have changed to the degree of airline travel in the post-9/11 decade. This study presents comparative analysis of airline consumer perceptions following September 11th 2001 to findings from a Congressperson-initiated survey of 3,500 travelers ending 2011.
The National Airline Quality Rating (AQR), released annually each April at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. and viewed each year by more than 75 million people both nationally and internationally, debuted in the national media as an innovative, objective method of comparing airline quality on combined multiple performance …
Treating Diet - Induced Obesity: A New Role For Vagal Afferents?, Edward A. Fox
Treating Diet - Induced Obesity: A New Role For Vagal Afferents?, Edward A. Fox
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Conceptual Changes To The Definition Of Borderline Personality Disorder Proposed For Dsm-5, Douglas B. Samuel, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger, Donald R. Lynam, Paul A. Pilkonis, Samuel A. Ball
Conceptual Changes To The Definition Of Borderline Personality Disorder Proposed For Dsm-5, Douglas B. Samuel, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger, Donald R. Lynam, Paul A. Pilkonis, Samuel A. Ball
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
The DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group proposed the elimination of diagnostic criterion sets in favor of a prototype matching system that defines personality disorders using narrative descriptions. Although some research supports this general approach, no empirical studies have yet examined the specific definitions proposed for DSM-5. Given the wide interest in borderline personality disorder (BPD), it is crucial to determine how this methodological shift might affect the content and conceptualization of the diagnosis. Eighty-two experts on BPD provided ratings of the DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 version of BPD in terms of 37 traits proposed for DSM-5. Analyses revealed significant …
A Five-Factor Measure Of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Ashley D.B. Riddell, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger
A Five-Factor Measure Of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Ashley D.B. Riddell, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
The current study provides convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity data for the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI), a newly-developed measure of traits relevant to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) from the perspective of the five-factor model (FFM). Twelve scales were constructed as maladaptive variants of specific FFM facets (e.g., Perfectionism as a maladaptive variant of FFM competence). On the basis of data from 407 undergraduates (oversampled for OCPD symptoms) these 12 scales demonstrated convergent correlations with established measures of OCPD and the FFM. Further, they obtained strong discriminant validity with respect to facets from other FFM domains. Most importantly, the individual scales …
An Expert Consensus Approach To Relating The Proposed Dsm-5 Types And Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Donald R. Lynam, Thomas A. Widiger, Samuel A. Ball
An Expert Consensus Approach To Relating The Proposed Dsm-5 Types And Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Donald R. Lynam, Thomas A. Widiger, Samuel A. Ball
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although personality disorders (PDs) have been defined categorically throughout the history of psychiatric nomenclatures, the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group proposed a substantial shift to a dimensional conceptualization and diagnosis of personality pathology. This proposal included the adoption of a trait model with 37 specific traits that fell within six higher-order domains. In addition, they specified that half of the current diagnoses be recast as types defined by narrative description, with the other half deleted. Instead, the deleted categories would be diagnosed through ratings on specifically assigned traits. The Work Group also specified a number of traits that …
Early Postnatal Overnutrition: Potential Roles Of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Edward A. Fox, Jessica E. Biddinger
Early Postnatal Overnutrition: Potential Roles Of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Edward A. Fox, Jessica E. Biddinger
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Early postnatal overnutrition: Potential roles of gastrointestinal vagal afferents and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. PHYSIOL BEHAV 00(0) 000-000, 2012. Abnormal perinatal nutrition (APN) results in a predisposition to develop obesity and the metabolic syndrome and thus may contribute to the prevalence of these disorders. Obesity, including that which develops in organisms exposed to APN, has been associated with increased meal size. Vagal afferents of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contribute to regulation of meal size by transmitting satiation signals from gut-to-brain. Consequently, APN could increase meal size by altering this signaling, possibly through changes in expression of factors that control vagal afferent …
Emergent Identity Matching After Successive Matching Training Ii: Reflexivity Or Transitivity?, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Emergent Identity Matching After Successive Matching Training Ii: Reflexivity Or Transitivity?, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Three experiments evaluated whether the apparent reflexivity effect reported by Sweeney and Urcuioli (2010) for pigeons might, in fact, be transitivity. In Experiment 1, pigeons learned symmetrically reinforced hue-form (A-B) and form-hue (B-A) successive matching. Those also trained on form-form (B-B) matching responded more to hue comparisons that matched their preceding samples on subsequent hue-hue (A-A) probe trials. By contrast, most pigeons trained on just A-B and B-A matching did not show this effect; but some did – a finding consistent with transitivity. Experiment 2 showed that the latter pigeons also responded more to form comparisons that matched their preceding …
A Replication And Extension Of The Anti-Symmetry Effect In Pigeons, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
A Replication And Extension Of The Anti-Symmetry Effect In Pigeons, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Pigeons trained on successive AB symbolic matching show emergent BA anti-symmetry if they are also trained on successive AA oddity and BB identity (Urcuioli, 2008, Experiment 4). In other words, when tested on BA probe trials following training, they respond more to the comparisons on the reverse of the non-reinforced AB baseline trials than on the reverse of the reinforced AB baseline trials (the opposite of an associative symmetry pattern). The present experiment replicated this finding. In addition, it showed that anti-symmetry also emerged after baseline training on successive AB symbolic matching, AA identity, and BB oddity, consistent with the …
Learning And Transfer Of Category Knowledge In An Indirect Categorization Task, Sebastien Helie, F Gregory Ashby
Learning And Transfer Of Category Knowledge In An Indirect Categorization Task, Sebastien Helie, F Gregory Ashby
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Knowledge representations acquired during category learning experiments are ‘tuned’ to the task goal. A useful paradigm to study category representations is indirect category learning. In the present article, we propose a new indirect categorization task called the “Same” – “Different” categorization task. The same-different categorization task is a regular same-different task, but the question asked to the participants is about the stimulus category membership instead of stimulus identity. Experiment 1 explores the possibility of indirectly learning rule-based and information-integration category structures using the new paradigm. The results suggest that there is little learning about the category structures resulting from an …
A Neurocomputational Account Of Cognitive Deficits In Parkinson's Disease, Sébastien Hélie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
A Neurocomputational Account Of Cognitive Deficits In Parkinson's Disease, Sébastien Hélie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by the accelerated death of dopamine (DA) producing neurons. Numerous studies documenting cognitive deficits of PD patients have revealed impairments in a variety of tasks related to memory, learning, visuospatial skills, and attention. While there have been several studies documenting cognitive deficits of PD patients, very few computational models have been proposed. In this article, we use the COVIS model of category learning to simulate DA depletion and show that the model suffers from cognitive symptoms similar to those of human participants affected by PD. Specifically, DA depletion in COVIS produced deficits in rule-based categorization, …
Simulating The Effect Of Dopamine Imbalance On Cognition: From Positive Affect To Parkinson's Disease, Sebastien Helie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
Simulating The Effect Of Dopamine Imbalance On Cognition: From Positive Affect To Parkinson's Disease, Sebastien Helie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cools (2006) suggested that prefrontal dopamine levels are related to cognitive stability whereas striatal dopamine levels are related to cognitive plasticity. With such a wide ranging role, almost all cognitive activities should be affected by dopamine levels in the brain. Not surprisingly, factors influencing brain dopamine levels have been shown to improve/worsen performance in many behavioral experiments. On the one hand, Nadler and his colleagues (2010) showed that positive affect (which is thought to increase cortical dopamine levels) improves a type of categorization that depends on explicit reasoning (rule-based) but not a type that depends on procedural learning (informationintegration). On …
Psychologically Realistic Cognitive Agents: Taking Human Cognition Seriously, Ron Sun, Sebastien Helie
Psychologically Realistic Cognitive Agents: Taking Human Cognition Seriously, Ron Sun, Sebastien Helie
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cognitive architectures may serve as a good basis for building mind/brain-inspired, psychologically realistic cognitive agents for various applications that require or prefer human-like behavior and performance. This article explores a well-established cognitive architecture CLARION and shows how its behavior and performance capture human psychology at a detailed level. The model captures many psychological quasi-laws concerning categorization, induction, uncertain reasoning, decision-making, and so on, which indicates human-like characteristics beyond what other models have been shown capable of. Thus, CLARION constitutes an advance in developing more psychologically realistic cognitive agents.
Efficient Coding And Statistically Optimal Weighting Of Covariance Among Acoustic Attributes In Novel Sounds, Keith Kluender R., Christian E. Stilp
Efficient Coding And Statistically Optimal Weighting Of Covariance Among Acoustic Attributes In Novel Sounds, Keith Kluender R., Christian E. Stilp
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications
To the extent that sensorineural systems are efficient, redundancy should be extracted to optimize transmission of information, but perceptual evidence for this has been limited. Stilp and colleagues recently reported efficient coding of robust correlation (r =. 97) among complex acoustic attributes (attack/decay, spectral shape) in novel sounds. Discrimination of sounds orthogonal to the correlation was initially inferior but later comparable to that of sounds obeying the correlation. These effects were attenuated for less-correlated stimuli (r =. 54) for reasons that are unclear. Here, statistical properties of correlation among acoustic attributes essential for perceptual organization are investigated. Overall, simple strength …