Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Adding A Motivational Interviewing Pretreatment To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial., Henny A Westra, Hal Arkowitz, David J A Dozois

Psychology Publications

Seventy-six individuals with a principal diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomly assigned to receive either an MI pretreatment or no pretreatment (NPT), prior to receiving CBT. Significant group differences favoring the MI-CBT group were observed on the hallmark GAD symptom of worry and on therapist-rated homework compliance, which mediated the impact of treatment group on worry reduction. Adding MI pretreatment to CBT was specifically and substantively beneficial for individuals with high worry severity at baseline. There was evidence of relapse at 6-month follow-up for high severity individuals who received MI-CBT, but significant moderator effects favoring the high severity …

Changes In Self-Schema Structure In Cognitive Therapy For Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial., David J A Dozois, Peter J Bieling, Irene Patelis-Siotis, Lori Hoar, Susan Chudzik, Katie Mccabe, Henny A Westra

Psychology Publications

Negative cognitive structure (particularly for interpersonal content) has been shown in some research to persist past a current episode of depression and potentially to be a stable marker of vulnerability for depression (D. J. A. Dozois, 2007; D. J. A. Dozois & K. S. Dobson, 2001a). Given that cognitive therapy (CT) is highly effective for treating the acute phase of a depressive episode and that this treatment also reduces the risk of relapse and recurrence, it is possible that CT may alter these stable cognitive structures. In the current study, patients were randomly assigned to CT+ pharmacotherapy (n = 21) …

Understanding Attitudes To Refugees And Immigrants In Australia, Winnifred Louis

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Why Origins Matter: Central Americans In Canada, Alan B. Simmons

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Mini-Mbqs (25 Items), Greg Moran

Greg Moran

No abstract provided.

Mini-Mbqs-V Revised Mini-Mbqs 25 Item For Video Coding, Greg Moran

Greg Moran

No abstract provided.

Adapting To Dynamic Stimulus-Response Values: Differential Contributions Of Inferior Frontal, Dorsomedial, And Dorsolateral Regions Of Prefrontal Cortex To Decision Making., Derek G V Mitchell, Qian Luo, Shelley B Avny, Tomasz Kasprzycki, Karanvir Gupta, Gang Chen, Elizabeth C Finger, R James R Blair

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) have all been implicated in resolving decision conflict whether this conflict is generated by having to select between responses of similar value or by making selections following a reversal in reinforcement contingencies. However, work distinguishing their individual functional contributions remains preliminary. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to delineate the functional role of these systems with regard to both forms of decision conflict. Within dmPFC and dlPFC, blood oxygen level-dependent responses increased in response to decision conflict regardless of whether the conflict occurred in the context of …

Cognitive Vulnerability To Anxiety: A Review And An Integrative Model., Allison J Ouimet, Bertram Gawronski, David J A Dozois

Psychology Publications

Consistent research evidence supports the existence of threat-relevant cognitive bias in anxiety, but there remains controversy about which stages of information processing are most important in the conferral of cognitive vulnerability to anxiety. To account for both theoretical and empirical discrepancies in the literature, an integrative multi-process model is proposed wherein core assumptions of dual-systems theories from social and cognitive psychology are adapted to explain attentional and interpretive biases in the anxiety disorders. According to the model, individual differences in associative and rule-based processing jointly influence orientation, engagement, disengagement, and avoidance of threat-relevant stimuli, as well as negatively-biased interpretation of …

Perirhinal Cortex Contributes To Accuracy In Recognition Memory And Perceptual Discriminations., Edward B O'Neil, Anthony D Cate, Stefan Köhler

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The prevailing view of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) holds that its structures are dedicated to long-term declarative memory. Recent evidence challenges this position, suggesting that perirhinal cortex (PRc) in the MTL may also play a role in perceptual discriminations of stimuli with substantial visual feature overlap. Relevant neuropsychological findings in humans have been inconclusive, likely because studies have relied on patients with large and variable MTL lesions. Here, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in healthy individuals to determine whether PRc shows a performance-related involvement in perceptual oddball judgments that is comparable to its established role in …

The Influence Of A Mother’S Attachment Representation On The Quality Of Her Interactions With Each Of Her Children, Vanessa Villani, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

This study evaluated whether certain maternal states of mind, as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), would lead to more similarities/differences in maternal behaviors across multiple infants, as defined by the domains of the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort. Results indicated that “unresolved” maternal states of mind incline mothers to behave more similarly with their two infants than mothers with non-autonomous or autonomous states of mind in terms of responsiveness and affect sharing behaviors.

Migrant Domestic Workers In Asia: The Case Of Singapore, Kayoko Ueno

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

The Wind Chilled The Spectators, But The Wine Just Chilled: Sense, Structure, And Sentence Comprehension, Mary Hare, Jeffrey L. Elman, Tracy Tabaczynski, Ken Mcrae

Psychology Publications

Anticipation plays a role in language comprehension. In this article, we explore the extent to which verb sense influences expectations about upcoming structure. We focus on change of state verbs like shatter, which have different senses that are expressed in either transitive or intransitive structures, depending on the sense that is used. In two experiments we influence the interpretation of verb sense by manipulating the thematic fit of the grammatical subject as cause or affected entity for the verb, and test whether readers’ expectations for a transitive or intransitive structure change as a result. This sense-biasing context influenced reading times …

Conceptual Hierarchies In A Flat Attractor Network: Dynamics Of Learning And Computations, Christopher M. O'Connor, George S. Cree, Ken Mcrae

Psychology Publications

The structure of people’s conceptual knowledge of concrete nouns has traditionally been viewed as hierarchical (Collins & Quillian, 1969). For example, superordinate concepts (vegetable) are assumed to reside at a higher level than basic-level concepts (carrot). A feature-based attractor network with a single layer of semantic features developed representations of both basic-level and superordinate concepts. No hierarchical structure was built into the network. In Experiment and Simulation 1, the graded structure of categories (typicality ratings) is accounted for by the flat attractor network. Experiment and Simulation 2 show that, as with basic-level concepts, such a network predicts feature verification latencies …

Psychometric Properties Of A Short Version Of The Maternal Behavior Q-Sort: What You Need To Know Before Analyzing The Data, Heidi N. Bailey, Rossana Bisceglia, Jacqueline Roche, Jennifer Jenkins, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

OVERVIEW • N =116 mother-infant dyads (2 months old) • Coders completed the MBQS-mini 2 ways—forced vs. unforced q-sort distributions—to determine whether psychometric properties differed.

SENSITIVITY SCORES: • were virtually identical:r= .99.

BEHAVIORAL DOMAINS: • Attachment related domains: esponsiveness, Non-Interference, Affective Communication. • For all 3 (but not the Teaching domain) forced and unforced were highly correlated, and high internal consistency.

CONCLUSIONS: • Results support the use of forced q-sort data, but show no benefits associated with using forced over unforced distributions. Internal consistency was higher for the unforced teaching domain.

Antecedents Of Attachment Disorganization Across The First Year: Interactions Among Child And Parent Variables, Lindsey M. Forbes, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson

Psychology Presentations

Disorganized attachmentis seen as reflecting an infant’s lack of strategyfor coping with the stress of the Strange Situation procedure (SSP; Ainsworth et al., 1978)

The identification of disorganized attachment by Main and Solomon (1986) generated a large body of research into its antecedents and consequences.

Despite these advances, however, 1)few studies have employed a prospective longitudinal designto clarify antecedents of disorganization, and 2)most research has focused on predicting disorganization from single risk factors, rarely investigating possible interactions among child and parent or environmental variables.

The current study investigated the development of disorganized attachment across the first year from a prospective …

Associations Between Caregivers' Global And Specific Attachment Representations And The Infant-Caregiver Attachment Relationship, Erinn Hawkins, Sheri Madigan, Diane Benoit, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

The primary objectives of the current study were: (1)to determine the extent to which caregivers’ conceptualizations of their own attachment history (global attachment representations are congruent with the way in which they conceptualize their relationships with a specific child (relationship-specific attachment representations); and (2)to evaluate whether these relationship-specific representations play a mediating role in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Prenatal assessments of caregivers’ global attachment representations, as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and relationship-specific attachment representations, as measured by the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI), were obtained in a sample of 196 mother-infant dyads. Infant-caregiver attachment …

Maternal Sensitivity: From Child To The Neighborhood, Rossana Bisceglia, Heidi N. Bailey, Jennifer Jenkins, Greg Moran

Psychology Presentations

The purpose of this study was to explore the possible association between maternal sensitivity and distal factors such as neighborhood quality.

480 mother-child dyads were videotaped during a naturalistic interaction. Maternal sensitivity was assessed from video-tapes using the Maternal Behavior Q-sort (MBQS; Pederson & Moran, 1995).

Results of a hierarchical regression showed that maternal sensitivity was associated with: child characteristics (e.g. infant weight), maternal characteristics (e.g. age and depression) and family attributes (e.g. household income).

Interviewers’ ratings of neighborhood challenge and mothers’ report of neighborhood quality were found to significantly relate to maternal sensitivity and explained additional variance.

Results indicate …

Sibling Mother-Infant Attachment: Different Patterns Of Interaction Lead To Similar Relationships, Kathleen O’Connor, Ya Xue, Tara Morley, Greg Moran, David R. Pederson, Sandi Bento, Heidi N. Bailey

Psychology Presentations

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of maternal sensitivity and interactive behavior in sibling attachment non-/concordance. RESULTS:1) Global measures of sensitivity suggest that mothers of concordant-secure and non-concordant infants demonstrate a similar degree of sensitivity towards each child. 2) Mothers with non-concordant infants interact more similarly with each child on domains of maternal sensitivity, compared to mothers whose infants are concordant.

CONCLUSION: The quality of the attachment relationship in families with non-concordant mother-infant relationships –in contrast to families with concordant dyads –does not appear to be systematically affected by maternal sensitivity as typically assessed. More detailed assessment of the interactions suggest …

To Be An Immigrant: Generation, Location And Negotiation, Kay Deaux

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Xenophobia’S Silver Lining: Explaining Peace In The Aftermath Of Communism, Stephen M. Saideman

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Refugees, Health And Trauma: Barriers To Resettlement, Jennifer Mills

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Grasping And Lifting Different Materials, Gavin Buckingham, Jonathan S. Cant, Melvyn A. Goodale

Psychology Presentations

The material from which an object is made can determine how heavy it feels (Seashore, 1899). Interestingly, a metal block that has been adjusted to have the same size and mass as a polystyrene block will feel lighter than the polystyrene block. We recently showed that participants experiencing this material-weight illusion’ (MWI) do not apply forces that match their perceptual experience of heaviness ‐ just like in the size‐weight illusion ( Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

Our previous study showed that forces on early trials were scaled to each participant’s expectations of how much a particular block should weigh ‐ excessive …

A Dissociation Between Perception And Action In The Material‐Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Jonathan S. Cant, Kai-Ling C. Kao, Melvyn A. Goodale

Psychology Presentations

We examined what forces are applied to objects that elicit this illusion when they are lifted.We predicted that:

(1) Forces on early trials will scale to each participant’s expectations of how much a particular block will weigh ‐ excessive force will be applied to the metal block and insufficient force applied to the polystyrene block.

(2) Forces on later trials will scale to the real weight of each block ‐ identical levels of force applied to all the blocks.

(3) MWI will persist throughout ‐ polystyrene block will feel the heaviest, metal block will feel the lightest.

Characteristics Of Spontaneous Musical Imagery, Mike Wammes, Imants Barušs

Psychology

This study follows upon Steven Brown’s 2006 article in The Journal of Consciousness Studies about the “perpetual music track,” a form of constant musical imagery. With Brown’s assistance, a Musical Imagery Questionnaire was developed and administered to 67 participants with the intention of establishing relevant scales for quantifying the presence and extent of spontaneous musical imagery in individuals. In addition to the Musical Imagery Questionnaire, the Six Factor Personality Questionnaire, as well as the Transliminality Scale, which is a measure of openness to psychological material, was used in order to explore the correlations of spontaneous musical imagery to personality constructs. …

Speculations About The Direct Effects Of Intention On Physical Manifestation, Imants Barušs

Psychology

A possible mechanism by which mental acts may be synchronized with physical states is postulated. It is argued that a layer of deep consciousness, similar to David Bohm’s implicate order, underlies and gives rise to both subjective, intentional consciousness and objective, physical manifestation. The influence of volition at the level of intentional consciousness can be conceptualized in the context of the Kochen-Specker theorem as the exercise of the unconstrained choice of observables, and, at the level of deep consciousness, as modulation of the activity of the creation and annihilation operators of a quantum field. The discrete nature of observations …

Ruminative Thought Style And Depressed Mood., Jay K Brinker, David J A Dozois

Psychology Publications

Recent research has suggested that the measure most commonly used to assess rumination, the Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ; L. D. Butler & S. Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994), may be heavily biased by depressive symptoms, thereby restricting the scope of research exploring this construct. This article offers a broader conceptualization of rumination, which includes positive, negative, and neutral thoughts as well as past and future-oriented thoughts. The first two studies describe the development and evaluation of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), a psychometrically sound measure of the general tendency to ruminate. Further, the scale is comprised of a single factor and shows …

Shared Features Dominate Semantic Richness Effects For Concrete Concepts, Ray Grondin, Stephen J. Lupker, Ken Mcrae

Psychology Publications

When asked to list semantic features for concrete concepts, participants list many features for some concepts and few for others. Concepts with many semantic features are processed faster in lexical and semantic decision tasks [Pexman, P. M., Lupker, S. J., & Hino, Y. (2002). The impact of feedback semantics in visual word recognition: Number-of-features effects in lexical decision and naming tasks. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,9, 542–549; Pexman, P. M., Holyk, G. G., & MonFils, M.-H. (2003). Number-of-features effects and semantic processing. Memory & Cognition,31,842–855]. Using both lexical and concreteness decision tasks, we provided further insight into these number-of-features …