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2006

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Articles 1 - 30 of 201

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Social Capital And Inequality In Latin America, Hector Faya Dec 2006

Social Capital And Inequality In Latin America, Hector Faya

Hector Faya

No abstract provided.

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Separate And Unequal Risks For Victimization? An Examination Of The Relationship Between City-Level Conditions And Risks For Non-Fatal Victimization, Toya Z. Like Dec 2006

Separate And Unequal Risks For Victimization? An Examination Of The Relationship Between City-Level Conditions And Risks For Non-Fatal Victimization, Toya Z. Like

Dissertations

This investigation is an exploratory study of the relationship between city-level conditions and risks for non-fatal victimization. Specifically, city characteristics including residential segregation and economic equality between whites and minorities, the proportion of female-headed households, person unemployed and impoverished and the proportion of residents below age eighteen and their relation to non-fatal victimization is studied. Furthermore, individual and neighborhood correlates of non-fatal victimization are examined in addition to city conditions. Also of importance to the current study is examining these risks across racial and ethnic groups and across cities. The primary data is derived from the National Crime Victimization Survey …

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Faculty Profile: Mitch Librett - Experience Counts In The Criminal Justice Department, Patricia J. Fanning Dec 2006

Faculty Profile: Mitch Librett - Experience Counts In The Criminal Justice Department, Patricia J. Fanning

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

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Elections And Economic Turbulence In Brazil: Candidates, Voters, And Investors, Tony Spanakos, Lucio R. Renno Dec 2006

Elections And Economic Turbulence In Brazil: Candidates, Voters, And Investors, Tony Spanakos, Lucio R. Renno

Department of Political Science and Law Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The relation between elections and the economy in Latin America might be understood by considering the agency of candidates and the issue of policy preference congruence between investors and voters. The preference congruence model proposed in this article highlights political risk in emerging markets. Certain risk features increase the role of candidate campaign rhetoric and investor preferences in elections. When politicians propose policies that can appease voters and investors, elections may have a limited effect on economic indicators, such as inflation. But when voter and investor priorities differ significantly, deterioration of economic indicators is more likely. Moreover, voter and investor …

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The Social Development Model And Delinquent Behavior : A Case Study., Jessica Noel Mullikin Dec 2006

The Social Development Model And Delinquent Behavior : A Case Study., Jessica Noel Mullikin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted to examine the impact that extreme economic deprivation has on adolescent social development. Data for this study was collected from the 2000 U.S. Census Bureau. This study uses the Developmental Prevention model as a theoretical basis, a theory which posits that extreme economic deprivation, as measured by income, poverty, crime rates, racial composition of neighborhoods, and prevalence of mothers and grandparents as sole caregivers, is a risk factor for all delinquent behaviors. The specific delinquent behaviors examined in this study were teen pregnancy, school dropout, poor school attendance, and criminality. A study was conducted to compare …

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Terrorism And The Role Of Private Security, Brian Kingshott Nov 2006

Terrorism And The Role Of Private Security, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

No abstract provided.

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Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms In Southern Arabia, Alicia M. Cadenas Nov 2006

Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms In Southern Arabia, Alicia M. Cadenas

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In order to explore south Arabia's role in the migratory episodes leaving Africa to Eurasia and back, high-resolution Y-chromosome analyses of males from the United Arab Emirates (164), Qatar (72) and Yemen (62) were performed. The distribution of specific haplogroups (E3bl-M35 and J1-M267) and their microsatellite-based age estimates in southern Arabia offer additional insight on their dissemination. With the exception of Yemen, southern Arabia displays high diversity in its Y-haplogroup substructure and share similarities with populations along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Oman, possibly serving as a coastal corridor for migrations. Elevated rates of consanguinity may have had …

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Symposium On Back-End Sentencing And Parole Reform. Keynote Address At Stanford Law School On November 4, 2006 In Stanford, Ct., Jeremy Travis Nov 2006

Symposium On Back-End Sentencing And Parole Reform. Keynote Address At Stanford Law School On November 4, 2006 In Stanford, Ct., Jeremy Travis

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Criminality Of Police Officers, Philip M. Stinson Nov 2006

Criminality Of Police Officers, Philip M. Stinson

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Duty To Obey The Law, David Lefkowitz Nov 2006

The Duty To Obey The Law, David Lefkowitz

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Under what conditions, if any, do those the law addresses have a moral duty or obligation to obey it simply because it is the law? In this essay, I identify five general approaches to carrying out this task, and offer a somewhat detailed discussion of one or two examples of each approach. The approaches studied are: relational-role approaches that appeal to the fact that an agent occupies the role of member in the political community; attempts to ground the duty to obey the law in individual consent or fair play; natural duty approaches; instrumental approaches; and philosophical anarchism, an approach …

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Divisionews (Fall 2006, Issue 26), American Society Of Criminology Division On Women And Crime Oct 2006

Divisionews (Fall 2006, Issue 26), American Society Of Criminology Division On Women And Crime

Division on Women and Crime Documents and Correspondence

No abstract provided.

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Feminist Justice In Practice: Witness Experiences Of Survivors Of Wartime Sexual Violence In The Sud Bih, Brett A. Smith-Hams Oct 2006

Feminist Justice In Practice: Witness Experiences Of Survivors Of Wartime Sexual Violence In The Sud Bih, Brett A. Smith-Hams

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Wartime sexual violence is currently being prosecuted in numerous legal institutions across the world. In order for survivors of this sexual violence to have the best possible experiences, many improvements in the care, protection, and support of those who come forward to testify in these institutions need to be made. This study looks at the practices of one particular legal institution, the National Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is currently in the midst of trying several war crimes cases, many of which involve incidents of mass, systematic sexual violence as part of a larger military campaign in the region …

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A Contractarian Argument Against The Death Penalty, Claire Oakes Finkelstein Oct 2006

A Contractarian Argument Against The Death Penalty, Claire Oakes Finkelstein

All Faculty Scholarship

Opponents of the death penalty typically base their opposition on contingent features of its administration, arguing that the death penalty is applied discriminatory, that the innocent are sometimes executed, or that there is insufficient evidence of the death penalty’s deterrent efficacy. Implicit in these arguments is the suggestion that if these contingencies did not obtain, serious moral objections to the death penalty would be misplaced. In this Article, Professor Finkelstein argues that there are grounds for opposing the death penalty even in the absence of such contingent factors. She proceeds by arguing that neither of the two prevailing theories of …

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Art Imitates Life: Violence And The Music Of Metal And Rap, Gordon A. Crews, Angela D. Crews Sep 2006

Art Imitates Life: Violence And The Music Of Metal And Rap, Gordon A. Crews, Angela D. Crews

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this presentation is to explore the similar evolution's of Black Metal and Gangsta Rap musical genres. The authors argue the following similarities exist: 1) different cultures and statements being made, but violence is a common thread (outcomes of violence and societal responses), 2) the music and lyrics in both reflect their cultures, histories, and lives, and, 3) there is a strong musical and lyrical expression of violence related to the behavioral expression of violence among the artists and the fans in both genres. Finally, the authors question whether art imitates life or life imitates art.

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Centering Men's Experience: Norah Vincent's Self-Made Man Complicates Feminist Legal Theorists' Views Of Gender, Kathy A. Thomack Sep 2006

Centering Men's Experience: Norah Vincent's Self-Made Man Complicates Feminist Legal Theorists' Views Of Gender, Kathy A. Thomack

Buffalo Women's Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Enhancing The Senses: How Technological Advances Shape Our View Of The Law, Steven Goldberg Sep 2006

Enhancing The Senses: How Technological Advances Shape Our View Of The Law, Steven Goldberg

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Reflection On Teaching: The Value Of A Teaching Workshop At The Master's Level, Debra Ross, W. Crawley, L. Dopke, L. Andre, A. Dubbs, A. Cashen Aug 2006

Reflection On Teaching: The Value Of A Teaching Workshop At The Master's Level, Debra Ross, W. Crawley, L. Dopke, L. Andre, A. Dubbs, A. Cashen

Debra E. Ross

No abstract provided.

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A Complete Analysis Of Criminal Justice Four Year Programs In Relation To Curriculum, Debra Ross Aug 2006

A Complete Analysis Of Criminal Justice Four Year Programs In Relation To Curriculum, Debra Ross

Debra E. Ross

No abstract provided.

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Changing Global Travel: Passenger Profiling In The Airline Industry, Brian Kingshott Aug 2006

Changing Global Travel: Passenger Profiling In The Airline Industry, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

No abstract provided.

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Who Was Gottfried Dietze?, Riccardo Pelizzo Aug 2006

Who Was Gottfried Dietze?, Riccardo Pelizzo

riccardo pelizzo

Published in 2006, this short note provides an overview of Dietze's work and ideas

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Locked Out: Locke V. Davey And The Broken Promise Of Equal Access, Richard F. Duncan Aug 2006

Locked Out: Locke V. Davey And The Broken Promise Of Equal Access, Richard F. Duncan

Nebraska College of Law: Faculty Publications

This Article analyzed Chief Justice Rehnquist's Footnote Three dictum, and concluded that the Promise Scholarship Program in Davey was clearly designed to encourage Promise Scholars to choose from an infinitely broad array of subjects, viewpoints, and courses of study that make up the marketplace of ideas of higher education in the State of Washington. Since the exclusion of devotional theology majors from the Program was clearly based on the viewpoint from which theology is taught and studied, and since it is clear that government may not discriminate on the basis of viewpoint--even in the context of a funding program--if the …

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Between Charity, Welfare, And Warfare: A Disability Legal Studies Analysis Of Privilege And Neglect In Israeli Disability Policy, Sagit Mor Aug 2006

Between Charity, Welfare, And Warfare: A Disability Legal Studies Analysis Of Privilege And Neglect In Israeli Disability Policy, Sagit Mor

Sagit Mor

This article introduces a critical perspective, which I term Disability Legal Studies, a field of critical legal theory that employs disability critique, as developed by Disability Studies. I argue that contemporary writing on disability and the law tends to utilize disability critique in a mere instrumental fashion, mainly to support doctrinal analysis or reform proposals. What is needed, I suggest, is substantial research regarding the constitutive role of law in the production of disability. The article investigates the construction of disability in the field of social welfare, claiming that although welfare has indeed provided some relief to people with disabilities, …

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Labeling And Deviance: Fraternities And Gangs, Cristina Masiello Aug 2006

Labeling And Deviance: Fraternities And Gangs, Cristina Masiello

Honors College Theses

Labeling has a large effect on individuals and how they are viewed by society and how they view themselves. Who makes the rules about gang members? What is a gang and what do they represent? Fraternities and street gangs have more similarities than most would imagine. Both take part in illegal activities, however, only one group is criminalized for it. Society labels certain individuals as deviants or gang members and potentially can cause systematic violence. Those with privilege are treated differently and excuses are made for them, leading them to believe that status can excuse anything.

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The Future Of International Law Is Domestic (Or, The European Way Of Law), William W. Burke-White, Anne-Marie Slaughter Jul 2006

The Future Of International Law Is Domestic (Or, The European Way Of Law), William W. Burke-White, Anne-Marie Slaughter

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Oxycontin And Crime In Eastern Kentucky, Kenneth D. Tunnell Jul 2006

Oxycontin And Crime In Eastern Kentucky, Kenneth D. Tunnell

Kentucky Justice and Safety Research Bulletin

During the past ten years, rural Kentucky (and rural pockets of nearby states) witnessed the emergence of a new pharmaceutical drug of abuse. The powerful oxycodone, OxyContin, first manufactured in 1996 and designed for timerelease pain relief, found aready population in rural hamlets and mountain communities. Intended for patients in pain associated with terminal disease, it became a drug of abuse as it was over-prescribed and
trafficked. This Justice and Safety Research Bulletin describes the sudden growth in the use of this new drug and its antecedents. Describing the trends in use and abuse,this Bulletin presents evidence of an epidemic …

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Fear Of Acquaintance Versus Stranger Rape As A "Master Status": Towards Refinement Of The "Shadow Of Sexual Assault", Pamela Wilcox, Carol E. Jordan, Adam J. Pritchard Jun 2006

Fear Of Acquaintance Versus Stranger Rape As A "Master Status": Towards Refinement Of The "Shadow Of Sexual Assault", Pamela Wilcox, Carol E. Jordan, Adam J. Pritchard

Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications

Using a sample of 1,010 women from a southeastern state university, we explore whether associations between fear of sexual assault and other crime-specific fears vary based on presumed victim-offender relationship. More specifically, we assess the extent to which fear of stranger- and acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assaults differ in the extent to which they are correlated with fear of other crime victimizations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both fear of stranger-perpetrated sexual assault and fear of acquaintance- perpetrated sexual assault were positively associated with nearly all other crimespecific fears under examination. However, associations were particularly strong between fear of sexual assault …

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“Three Strikes” Legislation: Utilitarian Deterrence, Paul R. Rickert Jun 2006

“Three Strikes” Legislation: Utilitarian Deterrence, Paul R. Rickert

Faculty Publications and Presentations

The author argues that current "three-strikes" legislation does not have justice as its end-goal, because it is based in utilitarian philosophy.

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Notorious Murders, Black Lanterns, And Moveable Goods: Transformation Of Edinburgh's Underworld In The Early Nineteeth Century, Deborah A. Symonds Jun 2006

Notorious Murders, Black Lanterns, And Moveable Goods: Transformation Of Edinburgh's Underworld In The Early Nineteeth Century, Deborah A. Symonds

University of Akron Press Publications

The year 1828, when William Burke, William Hare, and their wives murdered nearly a score of Edinburgh’s poor and sold their bodies, is a time when entrepreneurial criminals in Edinburgh’s Old Town flourished. Young thieves ransacked a warehouse for tea, women pretending to be prostitutes lifted gentlemen’s watches, and fine linens disappeared from washerwomen’s houses. What Symonds reveals is a shadow economy where the most numerous of all criminals and thieves practice their trade not out of poverty and misery, but because it is their means of earning a living. Laborers and immigrants struggled to make a few pennies, and …

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The Role Of Management And Leadership Within The Context Of Police Service Delivery, Brian Kingshott May 2006

The Role Of Management And Leadership Within The Context Of Police Service Delivery, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

No abstract provided.

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An Assessment Of The Terrorist Threat To Use A Nuclear (Ind) Or Radiological (Rdd) Device In An Attack, Brian Kingshott May 2006

An Assessment Of The Terrorist Threat To Use A Nuclear (Ind) Or Radiological (Rdd) Device In An Attack, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

This paper will discuss terrorism from the perspective of a terrorist organisation acquiring nuclear material to build weapons and how security of radiological material world wide will minimise the risk of such devices being used. It will discuss the need to improve security at nuclear waste processing and storage sites and the adequacy of current security. It will also discuss the phenomenon of suicide attacks by the bomb carriers and the role of the media in informing and educating the general public of the consequences should such a device containing nuclear material be detonated.

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