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2001

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Articles 1 - 30 of 669

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Income And Mental Health: Unraveling Community And Individual Level Relationships, Carole Gresenz, Roland Sturm, L. Tang Jan 2013

Income And Mental Health: Unraveling Community And Individual Level Relationships, Carole Gresenz, Roland Sturm, L. Tang

Roland Sturm

No abstract provided.

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Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2001, Central Bank Of Nigeria Dec 2001

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2001, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

The Report, as in the past, reviews the operations of the Central Bank of Nigeria in its efforts at discharging its mandate for the fiscal year 2001. The major objectives of monetary policy for 2001 were outlined in the Bank's Monetary Policy Circular No. 35, which aimed to maintain internal and external balance, contribute to sustainable output growth and poverty reduction, and focus on the banking system, rate, rate regime, viability, and stability. Key policy targets included growth in broad money, narrow money, aggregate bank credit, growth in bank credit to the government, private sector, inflation rate, and GDP growth. …

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Employee Ownership After Privatization: Governance Institutions And Firm Performance In Romania, John S. Earle, ÁLmos Telegdy Dec 2001

Employee Ownership After Privatization: Governance Institutions And Firm Performance In Romania, John S. Earle, ÁLmos Telegdy

Reports

This paper studies the governance institutions and performance consequences of privatization through management-employee buyout (MEBO) in Romania. Detailed firm-level survey data are used to analyze ownership rights practices concerning voting, dividend payment, and sales of shares, and to study the continued role of the state through restructuring restrictions in the privatization contracts, difficulties in installment payment, and possible renationalization of shares. Comprehensive privatization and registry data are used to estimate the productivity performance of industrial MEBOs, compared with mass transfers to dispersed individuals, sales to domestic and foreign blockholders, and continued ownership by the state. We find that the ownership …

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The Economic Impact Of Cornerstone Alliance On Berrien County, George A. Erickcek Dec 2001

The Economic Impact Of Cornerstone Alliance On Berrien County, George A. Erickcek

Reports

No abstract provided.

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Keynes' Beauty Contest: Speculative Price Bubbles In Absence Of Common Knowledge In Experimental Stock Markets, Shyam Sunder Dec 2001

Keynes' Beauty Contest: Speculative Price Bubbles In Absence Of Common Knowledge In Experimental Stock Markets, Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

No abstract provided.

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Volatile Times And Volatile Prices, Matthew A. Diersen Dec 2001

Volatile Times And Volatile Prices, Matthew A. Diersen

Economics Commentator

No abstract provided.

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Volatile Times And Volatile Prices, Matthew A. Diersen Dec 2001

Volatile Times And Volatile Prices, Matthew A. Diersen

Economics Commentator

No abstract provided.

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Ua3/9/5 Partnerships For Progress: Linking Higher Education & Economic Development, Wku President's Office, Gary A. Ransdell Dec 2001

Ua3/9/5 Partnerships For Progress: Linking Higher Education & Economic Development, Wku President's Office, Gary A. Ransdell

WKU Archives Records

Speech delivered by WKU president Gary Ransdell at the National Governor's Association Center for Best Practices. In response to Governor Patton's challenges to create Programs of Distinction and enhance the state's capacity for economic development, we, at Western, have created a series of applied science centers. These centers are directing faculty talent toward creating a relevant curriculum in the sciences, toward solving environmental and material problems which limit economic development, and toward creating practice-based experiences for students. A by-product of these centers is a strengthened core curriculum which brings the applied sciences into focus for all WKU students.

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Keynote Address, Shamusudeen Usman Dec 2001

Keynote Address, Shamusudeen Usman

Economic and Financial Review

This is a keynote address delivered at the seminar with the theme " poverty alleviation: a more pragmatic approach

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Special Remarks By Dr. O. J. Nnanna, O. J. Nnanna Dec 2001

Special Remarks By Dr. O. J. Nnanna, O. J. Nnanna

Economic and Financial Review

This is a special remark delivered at the executive seminar on the theme, poverty alleviation: a more pragmatic approach

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Concepts, Measurement And Causes Of Poverty, D. O. Ajakaiye, V. A. Adeyeye Dec 2001

Concepts, Measurement And Causes Of Poverty, D. O. Ajakaiye, V. A. Adeyeye

Economic and Financial Review

Thoughts. on appropriate conceptualization, measurement and accurate characterization of determinants of poverty has a long history. From analytical perspective, thinking about poverty can be traced back at least to the codification of poor laws in medieval England, through to the pioneering empirical studies, at the tum of the century, by Booth in London and by Rowntree in York. Rowntree's study, published in 1901, was the first to develop a poverty standard for individual families, based on estimates of nutritional and other requirements. In the 1960s, the main focus of poverty debate was on the level of income, reflected in macro …

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An Appraisal Of Poverty And Poverty Reduction Strategies In Nigeria, Fidelis O. Ogwumike Dec 2001

An Appraisal Of Poverty And Poverty Reduction Strategies In Nigeria, Fidelis O. Ogwumike

Economic and Financial Review

The present paper assesses not only the efforts of the current administration in poverty reduction, but also the · role played by past administrations so as to identify a more pragmatic approach to poverty reduction in Nigeria The next section looks at a poverty profile in Nigeria with a view to identifying ·some of the salient issues. Section IIL examines the various approaches to poverty reduction. Section IV appraises poverty reduction in Nigeria. Section V, offers some suggestions on poverty reduction in Nigeria.

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Poverty Reduction And Structural Reform, Chris E. Nemedia Dec 2001

Poverty Reduction And Structural Reform, Chris E. Nemedia

Economic and Financial Review

Poverty bas no precise definition. Being a relative concept, it has no universally adopted definition that can be applied to all societies and all nations of the world. We can talk of a poor person or a poor nation. You may describe a person as poor if his income is below subsistence level. But the subsistence levels of income vary from society to society and from nation to nation. In spite of the absence of a precise and an all-embracing definition of poverty, it is quite easy to recognize or identify the attributes of a poor person or the characteristics …

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Rising Cost Of Food Prices And Food Insecurity In Nigeria And Its Implication For Poverty Reduction, P. A. Okuneye Dec 2001

Rising Cost Of Food Prices And Food Insecurity In Nigeria And Its Implication For Poverty Reduction, P. A. Okuneye

Economic and Financial Review

Trade liberalization stimulated the growth of export of agricultura1 commodities in Nigeria white its serious implementation lasted. As usual with the country, the implementation of trade liberalization policies relaxed .with time. The boost in the ·· agricultural export sector took a down turn and with the advent of democracy, massive imports of luxury goods began to dominate the economic scene. In essence, over the last . is· years, that is, since 1986, when the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) came into being. the nation had witnessed a gross neglect of the food_ production sector. As such when food prices began to …

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Micro-Finance As A Strategy For Poverty Reduction, O. O. Akanji Dec 2001

Micro-Finance As A Strategy For Poverty Reduction, O. O. Akanji

Economic and Financial Review

The paper established the facts that poverty is indeed increasing in Nigeria based on the poverty assessment study commissioned and sponsored by the World Bank in 1995. It further indicated in the introduction that the World Bank and the IMF group are focusing on poverty reduction as a prerequisite for debt relief The paper is structured into five sections with introduction being section one. Section two gives conceptual framework and reviews some country experiences of microcredit programs. Section three describes the efforts put in place in Nigeria-the World Bank group efforts and the IMF to alleviate poverty while section four …

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The Role Of The Financial Sector In Poverty Reduction, J. O. Aderibigbe Dec 2001

The Role Of The Financial Sector In Poverty Reduction, J. O. Aderibigbe

Economic and Financial Review

The objective of this paper is · to examine the role and challenges facing the financial sector in providing the necessary financing on appropriate terms, volume and value, and in a timely manner. The paper is divided into six sections; following this introductory part, the conceptual framework on the role of the financial sector in poverty reduction is outlined. In section three the experience of the role of the financial sector in fighting poverty is reviewed with specific emphasis on the role of banks in micro- credit delivery in section four. Section five examines future challenges of the sector while …

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Base Closure Impacts And The General Effects Of Military Installations On Local Private Employment, Patrick E. Poppert Dec 2001

Base Closure Impacts And The General Effects Of Military Installations On Local Private Employment, Patrick E. Poppert

Doctoral Dissertations

This empirical study explores the general effects of military installations on local employment, and the special case of closure under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) proceedings of 1988, 1991, 1993, and 1995. Employment impacts are modeled in a partial adjustment construct, and both random and fixed effects specifications of the disturbance term are evaluated. The analysis also includes both levels and changes forms of the model. The latter approach facilitates decomposition of defense personnel changes into its positive, negative, and BRAC related components. These components are examined for asymmetrical effects attributable to the public goods and community infrastructure vacuum …

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Unemployment: Concepts And Issues., Englama A. Dec 2001

Unemployment: Concepts And Issues., Englama A.

Bullion

The issue of persistent unemployment and overall manpower planning and utilization poses a great challenge to policy planners, human resources experts, and persons debating with employment programmed planning and implementation. Based on the experience of the NDE at promoting financial support for graduate employment promotion, there is a need for a sensitization programmed for public/commercial banks and other institutions on the need for lending to small and micro enterprises. This paper has examined Past policy measures for solving unemployment problems. There is strong need for institutional collaboration and improved coordination of policy measures for dealing with unemployment. It is evident …

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Restructuring The Educational System As A Long-Term Solution To The Unemployment Problem In Nigeria., Abraham B. Borishade Dec 2001

Restructuring The Educational System As A Long-Term Solution To The Unemployment Problem In Nigeria., Abraham B. Borishade

Bullion

The educational process, formal or informal consciously created, represents an essential investment necessary for industrialization; such education must be planned to fit the needs of a changing society so that as the Urban complex grows and demands expand. Education is the key with which to unlock the economic potential of the people. In contemporary developing countries, there is an incongruous relationship between education and their economies. This is reflected in the rising pool of the phenomenon of educated unemployed more than ever before. This paper examines the increasing problem associated with unemployment in Nigeria. The author conclude that It is …

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Evaluation Of Past Policy Measures For Solving Unemployment Problems., Nicholas A. Damachi Dec 2001

Evaluation Of Past Policy Measures For Solving Unemployment Problems., Nicholas A. Damachi

Bullion

The issue of persistent unemployment and overall manpower planning and utilization poses a great challenge to policy planners, human resources experts, and persons dealing with employment programmed planning and implementation. This paper undertakes a review and evaluation of the past policy measures that have been adopted to solve unemployment problems in the county. There is strong need for institutional collaboration and improved coordination of policy measures for dealing with unemployment. This paper has examined Past policy measures for solving unemployment problems. There is strong need for institutional collaboration and improved coordination of policy measures for dealing with unemployment. While there …

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Off-Shore Borrowing And Guarantees By Banks: Implication For Portfolio Management., C. C. Edordu Dec 2001

Off-Shore Borrowing And Guarantees By Banks: Implication For Portfolio Management., C. C. Edordu

Bullion

The subject I have been asked to reflect on is important and somewhat provocative given the potential significance of foreign capital in the development process and the implied doubt the topic raises about the capacity of banks to manage their portfolios on accessing external finance. With regard to financing tenors, it is pertinent to point out that the tenor of liabilities of most banks in Nigeria and Africa is short. The paper has focused on the various discussions about the conditions for good governance, which raises questions about the structure and functioning of the state, its relationship to society and …

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The Role Of Governance In National Development., Nathaniel C. Ozigbo Dec 2001

The Role Of Governance In National Development., Nathaniel C. Ozigbo

Bullion

One of the principal issues in the analysis of development is the extent to which the state and corporate organizations influence it. Prevailing ideas about the links among democracy, good governance and economic growth have come almost full circle over the past three decades. Governance is defined as the good government of society. Good government guides the country along a course leading to the desired goals, in this case development. The paper has focused on the various discussions about the conditions for good governance, which raises questions about the structure and functioning of the state, its relationship to society and …

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Conflicts And Common Interests In Committees , Hao Li, Sherwin Rosen, Wing Suen Dec 2001

Conflicts And Common Interests In Committees , Hao Li, Sherwin Rosen, Wing Suen

hao li

Committees improve decisions by pooling independent information of members, but promote manipulation, obfuscation, and exaggeration of private evidence when members have conflicting preferences. We study how self-interest mediates these conflicting forces. When members' preferences differ, no person ever submits a report that allows perfect inference of his private information. Instead, equilibrium strategies are many-to-one mappings that transform continuous data into ordered ranks: voting procedures are the equilibrium methods of achieving a consensus in committees. Voting necessarily coarsens the transmission of information among members, but is necessary to control conflicts of interest. The degree of coarseness of the equilibrium voting procedure …

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Challenges For The New West: Economic Impacts Of Wilderness In Nevada's Rural Counties, Lesley Regina Argo Dec 2001

Challenges For The New West: Economic Impacts Of Wilderness In Nevada's Rural Counties, Lesley Regina Argo

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Public lands designated as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System are removed from multiple-use management for protection of their natural condition. Opponents argue that "locking up" the natural resources on these lands through designation will undermine the rural economies in the west that are dependent upon extractive industries such as mining and logging. Proponents argue that the "Old West" reliance on extractive industries is declining and, in the "New West", wilderness promotes economic development in rural communities by preserving the amenity values that draw population and employment to the region. Characteristics of Nevada's economy, population and land challenge the …

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Asset Prices In The Measurement Of Inflation, Michael F. Bryan, Stephen G. Cecchetti, Róisín O'Sullivan Dec 2001

Asset Prices In The Measurement Of Inflation, Michael F. Bryan, Stephen G. Cecchetti, Róisín O'Sullivan

Economics: Faculty Publications

The debate over including asset prices in the construction of an inflation statistic has attracted renewed attention in recent years. Virtually all of this (and earlier) work on incorporating asset prices into an aggregate price statistic has been motivated by a presumed, but unidentified transmission mechanism through which asset prices are leading indicators of inflation at the retail level. This paper takes an alternative, longer-term perspective on the issue and argues that the exclusion of asset prices introduces an excluded goods bias in the computation of the inflation statistic that is of interest to the monetary authority. This idea is …

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Poverty Reduction In Nigeria: The Way Forward, Mike I. Obadan Dec 2001

Poverty Reduction In Nigeria: The Way Forward, Mike I. Obadan

Economic and Financial Review

The description of Nigeria as a paradox by the World Bank (1996) bas continued to be confirmed by events and official statistics in the country. The paradox is - that the poverty level in Nigeria contradicts the country's immense wealth. Among other things, the country is enormously endowed with human, agricultural, petroleum, gas, and large untapped solid mineral resources. Particularly worrisome is that the country earned over USS300 billion from one resource - petroleum - during the last three decades of the twentieth century. But rather than record remarkable progress in national socio-economic development, Nigeria retrogressed to become one of …

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International Cooperation In The World Of Sovereign But Interdependent Nation States: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation As An International Regime, Chien-Hong Lee Dec 2001

International Cooperation In The World Of Sovereign But Interdependent Nation States: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation As An International Regime, Chien-Hong Lee

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Poverty Of Hard Work: Multiple Jobs And Low Wages In Family Economies Of Rural Utah Households, Christina E. Gringeri Dec 2001

The Poverty Of Hard Work: Multiple Jobs And Low Wages In Family Economies Of Rural Utah Households, Christina E. Gringeri

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The combination of paid work and poverty, or near poverty, is a growing problem in the United States, one of which is often accentuated by residence in rural, low-wage communities where underemployment is more prevalent than in metropolitan areas. This paper examines the experiences of sixty rural families with inadequate employment using data from ethnographic interviews with a particular focus on the strategies they use to meet their family's needs in spite of low-wage work.

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Subjective Distributions, Itzhak Gilboa, David Schmeidler Dec 2001

Subjective Distributions, Itzhak Gilboa, David Schmeidler

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A decision maker has to choose one of several random variables, with uncertainty known distributions. As a Bayesian she behaves as if she knew the distributions. In his paper we suggest an axiomatic derivation of these (subjective) distributions, which is much more economical than the derivations by de Finetti or Savage. They derive the whole joint distribution of all the available random variables.

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A Derivation Of Expected Utility Maximization In The Context Of A Game, Itzhak Gilboa, David Schmeidler Dec 2001

A Derivation Of Expected Utility Maximization In The Context Of A Game, Itzhak Gilboa, David Schmeidler

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A decision maker faces a decision problem, or a game against nature. For each probability distribution over the state of the world (nature’s strategies), she has a weak order over her acts (pure strategies). We formulate conditions on these weak orders guaranteeing that they can be jointly represented by expected utility maximization with respect to an almost-unique state-dependent utility, that is, a matrix assigning real numbers to act-state pairs. As opposed to a utility function that is derived in another context, the utility matrix derived in the game will incorporate all psychological or sociological determinants of well-being that result from …

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