Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Swings And Roundabouts: Changes In Language Offerings At Australian Universities 2005-2011, Kerry S. Dunne, Marko Pavlyshyn

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In this study we report on changes in language offerings in Australian universities for the period 2005–2011, focusing on languages with small enrolments. We also give a progress report on collaborative arrangements that were introduced to ensure wider availability of language programs. These programs were surveyed most recently in the 2009 DASSH project on collaborative models for the provision of languages in Australian universities (Winter 2009). We find that there has been an increase in the number of less commonly taught languages (LCTLs) offered across the tertiary sector. However, it is not the case that all of these languages are …

More (Colonial) Hauntings In The Turn Of The Screw, Paul Sharrad

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Let me start by asking two questions to which the voluminous scholarship on Henry James’s The Turn of the Screw has seemingly not paid full attention. First, from where does Flora learn her shocking language? Second, in a tale whose details are inspected from as many angles as critics can devise, what weight might we give to the Indian origin of the two children who provide an extra turn to the storytelling screw? My argument here is that a postcolonial reading of the text can provide us with answers. In teasing out intertextual uses of the details regarding the children’s …

The 'Afghan Girls': Media Representations And Frames Of War, Vera Mackie

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In this article, I survey almost a decade of visual representations of Afghan women, which have emanated from first world media organizations and have circulated in transnational media space. Only one of the photographs is explicitly linked with a political discussion. However, all of the photographs contribute to a set of possible statements about veiling and unveiling. Through discourse analysis informed by a genealogical approach, I demonstrate how these photographs contribute to the constitution of a set of power relations whereby the United States and its Allies have sovereignty and where it seems 'natural' that these sovereign nations can intervene …

Backfire Manual: Tactics Against Injustice, Brian Martin

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In 1991, protesters in Dili, East Timor were massacred by Indonesian troops. This turned out to be a political disaster for the Indonesian government, greatly increasing international support for the East Timorese independence struggle. The massacre backfired on the Indonesian government. The Backfire Manual explains why. Imagine you're planning an action and think you might come under attack. Maybe it's a rally and there's a risk of police brutality. Maybe you're exposing government corruption and there could be reprisals against your group. To be prepared, you need to understand the tactics likely to be used by your opponent, for example …

A Partial Promise Of Voice: Digital Storytelling And The Limit Of Listening, Tanja Dreher

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

The continual rise of participatory, media offers increasing opportunities for nonprofessionals and marginalised communities to tell their stories. In the policy arena, Australia's Social Inclusion Agenda and international debates on indicators of well-being name 'voice' as a key capability for social inclusion and individual flourishing. In this article, I engage recent scholarship on 'listening' and 'voice that matters' to highlight the limits of the participatory media genre of digital storytelling and of the social inclusion category of 'voice'. The discussion is illustrated via examples from public launch events for 'mini-films' produced in digital storytelling projects facilitated by Information Cultural Exchange …

Death Of The “Legendary Okama" Togo Ken: Challenging Commonsense Lifestyles In Postwar Japan, Mark J. Mclelland

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

“What’s wrong with being a fag? What’s shameful about being a fag? Why is it wrong for a man to love a man? Why is it wrong for a woman to love a woman? What is shameful is living a lie. What is shameful is not loving others.” Tōgō Ken campaign slogan.

How Academics Can Help People Make Better Decisions Concerning Global Poverty, Keith J. Horton

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

One relatively straightforward way in which academics could have more impact on global poverty is by doing more to help people make wise decisions about issues relevant to such poverty. Academics could do this by conducting appropriate kinds of research on those issues and sharing what they have learned with the relevant decision makers in accessible ways.

But aren’t academics already doing this? In the case of many of those issues, I think the appropriate answer would be that they could do so much better. As an illustration, I examine the academic input into one decision about an issue concerning …

Citizen Of Australia...Citizen Of The World: An Australian New Woman's Feminist And Nationalist Vision, Sharon Crozier-De Rosa

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Writing in the 1890s, South Australian author, Catherine Martin, contributed to what John Docker has labelled ‘those feverish years of utopian and dystopian visions’. Her popular 1890 novel, An Australian Girl, presents modern historians with one fin-de-siècle vision for a newly emerging Australian nation, a vision that reveals itself as a utopian blend of feminist and nationalist aspirations. What emerges from this book is a sense of an Australian landscape that was as feminised as masculinised; a belief in a national identity that may have been transnationalist in that it was shaped by understandings of what it meant to be …

Transcolonial Influences On Everyday American Imperialism: The Politics Of Chinese Domestic Servants In The Philippines, Julia T. Martinez, Claire Lowrie

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

From the first years of the American occupation of the Philippines, the American colonial elite ran their households with the help of Chinese servants. The preference of government officials, including Governor William Howard Taft himself, for Chinese domestic labor was in flagrant disregard for the policy of Chinese exclusion as well as the principle of “benevolent assimilation,” according to which the Americans claimed to be “uplifting” the Filipino people by providing them with the opportunity to experience the dignity of labor. In opting for Chinese rather than Filipino domestic labor, elite Americans were replicating the traditions of the “Old World” …

'The Closet Of The Third Person'; Susan Sontag, Sexual Dissidence, And Celebrity, Guy R. Davidson

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In this essay I argue that the tension between Susan Sontag's status as a postmodern celebrity and her devotion to the modernist cult of impersonality may be productively related to her sexuality. Beginning with her famous essay ‘Notes of Camp’ (1964), Sontag aligned herself (somewhat uneasily) with metropolitan gay culture. On the other hand, Sontag was one of the most famous undeclared lesbians in recent history. While she largely eschewed life writing, her fiction, essays, and interviews have often been read by critics for their autobiographical resonances. I extend this critical tendency by attending to the articulation and elision of …

Thought Policing Or The Protection Of Youth? Debate In Japan Over The "Non-Existent Youth Bill", Mark J. Mclelland

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In early 2010 Tokyo Governor Ishihara Shintarō, supported by international child welfare organisations and a range of conservative Japanese politicians and commentators, sought to extend the range of material caught by a ‘Healthy Youth Development Ordinance’ that prohibited the sale of publications deemed ‘harmful’ to those under 18 in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Material featuring pornography or strong violence was already prohibited from sale to minors, however, the proposed extension would have included publications featuring ‘non-existent youth’ -- that is, purely fictional or imaginary characters who were, looked like or sounded like they were under the age of 18 and …

Transnational (Il)Literacies: Reading The "New Chinese Literature In Australia" In China, Wenche Ommundsen

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

THE TRANSNATIONAL "TURN" IN AUSTRALIAN LITERARY studies was the subject of lively critical debate at the time my colleagues Alison Broinowski, Paul Sharrad and I in 2008 embarked on the ARC-supported project "Globalising Australian literature: Asian Australian writing, Asian perspectives on Australian literature." Robert Dixon's 2007 essay "Australian Literature - International Contexts" charted the development of Australian literary studies from the cultural nationalist phase of the early years through to "the inter- or trans-national perspectives that have emerged in a number of humanities disciplines since the 1990s", and outlined his proposal of a research agenda for "a transnational practice of …

Contemporary Korean Cinema: Challenges And The Transformation Of ‘Planet Hallyuwood’, Brian Yecies, Ae-Gyung Shim

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This article examines how the South Korean cinema has undergone a transformation from an ‘antiquated cottage industry’ in the 1980s into a thriving international cinema – albeit with a host of new challenges and tensions – in the ‘post-boom’ years of the 2000s right up to the present. Its analysis of film culture in the 1980s sets the stage for the Korean cinema’s transnational development over the last decade, and points to a longer historical continuum involving the ‘re-emergence’ in the 1980s of a ‘cinema of quality’ that was marked by widespread critical acclaim. Additionally, this article canvasses the key …

Fairness And Fair Shares, Keith J. Horton

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Some moral principles require agents to do more than their fair share of a common task, if others won't do their fair share - each agent's fair share being what she would be required to do if all contributed as they should. This seems to provide a strong basis for objecting to such principles. For it seems unfair to require agents who have already done their fair share to do more, just because other agents won't do their fair share. The philosopher who has written most about this issue, however, Liam Murphy, argues that it is not unfair to do …

Australia's "Child Abuse Material' Legislation, Internet Regulation And The Juridification Of The Imagination, Mark J. Mclelland

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This article investigates the implications of Australia’s prohibition of ‘child-abuse material’ (including cartoons, animation, drawings and text) for Australian fan communities of animation, comics and gaming (ACG) and slash fiction. It is argued that current legislation is out of synch with the new communicative environment brought about by the internet since a large portion of the fans producing and trading in these images are themselves minors and young people. Habermas’s analysis of the conflict between instrumental and communicative rationality is deployed to demonstrate that legislators have misrecognized the nature of the communicative practices that take place within the ‘lifeworlds’ of …

The Crisis Of Petro-Market Civilization: The Past As Prologue?, Timothy Dimuzio

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Summary Current patterns of high-energy intensive development are not sustainable on account of two major challenges that threaten the social reproduction of this civilization: peak oil and global warming. This chapter seeks to probe the dimensions of this looming crisis at the heart of 'petro-market civilization' by foregrounding the links between energy and social reproduction. In doing so, the chapter makes two interrelated arguments. First, I argue not only that the age of fossil fuels is an exceptional one but also that the discovery and use of fossil fuels have been crucial to the deepening and extension of an incipient …

Indigenous Australian-Indonesian Intermarriage: Negotiating Citizenship Rights In Twentieth-Century Australia, Julia T. Martinez

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This story of Indigenous Australian-Indonesian intermarriage is one that shedslight on the changes to citizenship entitlement in Australia and the struggles ofAboriginal, Torres Strait Islander and Asian peoples to lead their lives free fromgovernment intervention. Indonesian-Australian contacts remain relativelyunknown in Australian history. Early Macassan relations with the peoples ofNorthern Australia, brought to light by Campbell Macknight, stands out inAustralian history as a significant first contact with Asia. More recently ReginaGanter has continued the Macassan story into the twentieth century exploringencounters with northern communities across Australia. But the story ofwartime disruption faced by the families of Indonesian men and Aboriginal andTorres …

"Almost A Sense Of Property": Henry James's The Turn Of The Screw, Modernism, And Commodity Culture, Guy R. Davidson

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

[extract] Metaphorical, if not literal, homelessness has seemed to many to be a defining condition of the life and work of Henry James. His friend Edmund Gosse, for instance, wrote that James was a "homeless man in a peculiar sense," one who was never truly settled either in England, his adopted country, or the United States, his country of origin.More recently, John Carlos Rowe has related James's deracination to cosmopolitanism, outlining how the concerns of his fiction foreshadow recent efforts within the humanities to renovate the cosmopolitan ideal of respect for international and intranational differences.And John Landau has argued that …

Embodied Memories, Emotional Geographies: Nakamoto Takako's Diary Of The Anpo Struggle, Vera Mackie

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

In this article I carry out a close reading of Nakamoto Takako's book, My Diary of the Anpo Struggle (1963). Nakamoto was a writer and activist who was active in leftwing politics, the labour movement and the proletarian literature movement in the 1920s and 1930s and returned to the movement after 1945. Her published diary recounts her participation in the struggle against the renewal of the US-Japan Security Treaty and her other political activities. The book is a mixture of personal memory and political history and provides us with a distinctive ‘map’ of one person's emotional geography of Tokyo.

Halliday's Model Of Register Revisited And Explored, Annabelle Lukin, Alison R. Moore, Maria Herke, Rebekah Wegener, Canzhong Wu

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Halliday’s description of register as ‘a variety of language, corresponding to a variety of situation’, with situation interpreted ‘by means of a conceptual framework using the terms “field”, “tenor” and “mode”’ (Halliday, 1985/89: 29, 38) is revisited to reflect on the theoretical work the term ‘register’ does within the SFL paradigm. In doing so, we recognize that the concepts of a linguistic theory are ‘ineffable’ (Halliday, 2002 [1988]); i.e. that ‘providing definitions of a theoretical term ... requires that it be posi- tioned vis-à-vis other concepts in the theory’ (Hasan, 2004: 16). It follows that chang- ing the position of …

Free Music And Trash Culture: The Reconfiguration Of Musical Value Online, Andrew M. Whelan

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Over the past few years, portable communication devices have transformed the ways many people around the planet interact and transfer knowledge. Released in 2007, Apple's iPhone is one such wireless device that combines in a single portable unit a mobile phone, touch-screen iPod, camera, and internet device. It has a 9cm diagonal widescreen multi-touch display, and is 11.55cm high, 6.21am wide, and 1.23cm deep. It weighs 135 grams. (Later models vary slightly.) Along with the iPod Touch (also released in 2007) and the iPad, which was launched in 2010, both of which have all the main functions of the iPhone …

The Cultural Dimensions Of Human Rights Advocacy In The Asian Region, Vera C. Mackie

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Wendy Brown has commented on the importance of recognising the “interval” between theory and politics, and working in the space between. She advocates refusing the “dichotomy between the local and the global, the national and the transnational, the intellectual and the practical”. Brown’s comments seem particularly apposite for the project of analysing the work of transnational advocacy networks in the Asia-Pacific region. There are significant gaps between the academic debates on human rights, the actual language and protocols of the bodies devoted to ensuring the achievement of basic human rights, and the ways in which these issues are discussed in …

Disarming Japan’S Cannons With Hollywood’S Cameras: Cinema In Korea Under U.S. Occupation, 1945-1948, Brian M. Yecies, Ae-Gyung Shim

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Reorienting the southern half of the Korean Peninsula away from the former Japanese colonial government's anti-democratic, anti-American and militaristic ideology while establishing orderly government was among the goals of the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK, 1945-1948). To help achieve this aim on a wide front and as quickly as possible, USAMGIK’s Motion Picture Section in the Department of Public Information arranged the exhibition of hundreds of Hollywood films to promote themes of democracy, capitalism, gender equality and popular American culture and values. While U.S. troops in the field enjoyed the increased availability and calibre of American feature films, …

Development Economics: From Classical To Critical Analysis, Susan N. Engel

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

When development economics emerged as a sub-discipline of economics in the 1950s its main concern, like that of most economic theory, was (and largely remains) under-standing how the economies of nation-states have grown and expanded. This means it has been concerned with looking at the sources and kinds of economic expansion measured via increases in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the role of different inputs into production (capital, labor, and land), the impact of growth in the various sectors of the economy (agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors), and, to a lesser extent, the role of the state. These concerns are at …

Cyber-Indigeneity: Urban Indigenous Identity On Facebook, Bronwyn L. Lumby

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

The indigenous use of Facebook reflects to some degree the instruments of Indigenous identity confirmation and surveillance, which operate in the "real" world of Indigenous community networks. Of interest to this article is what Michel de Certeau calls "ways of operating", that is, the uses made by consumers of various mechanisms for purposes removed from, or different to those intended by producers and the effects of these uses in maintaining vigilance or discipline on subjects who identify as Indigenous. The aim is to open up for discussion the production of these effects in cyberspace to inform a broader interest in …

Popular Fiction And The 'Emotional Turn': The Case Of Women In Late Victorian Britain, Sharon Crozier-De Rosa

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Many within the history profession today consider that we are experiencing an 'emotional turn', a perception that has been spurred by a recent proliferation of research centres and outpouring of publications exploring the concept of emotion_ Interest in this field looks likely to grow, although there are methodological challenges that have yet to be overcome, as, of course, there are with any newly emerging field of study. One main concern is source material. Attempting to access such an elusive and intensely subjective area of historical inquiry as emotions requires seeking out new sources, as well as returning to old ones …

Calling Our Spirits Home: Indigenous Cultural Festivals And The Making Of A Good Life, Lisa Slater

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Speaking about the problems affecting Wik youth of Aurukun, Cape York, a local community health worker, Derek Walpo, lamented that ‘their spirits have wandered too far. We need to call them back’. The poignant reflection was made at a debriefing session following a social and wellbeing festival in Aurukun.1 The five‐day event culminated in a Mary G concert, in which almost all the township gathered to laugh and cheer the indomitable Broome ‘lady’. It was not just Mary G’s ribald humour that vitalised and galvanised the crowd, but also her performance that playfully reflected back and validated some of the …

Policing And The Responsibility To Protect In Oceania: A Preliminary Survey Of Policing Aid Programs In The 'Arc Of Responsibility', Charles M. Hawksley

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This paper presents preliminary research about the donor aid programs that contribute to police-building in the `Arc of Responsibility' in the Pacific and Australia's `near-abroad'. It focuses on the capacity building projects that exist in Timor Leste and Solomon Islands with respect to police training. The two cases represent examples of exogenous state-building, situations in which the form and function of the state is to a great extent being dictated by outside actors. The international community provides different forms of assistance toward strengthening state capacity in the policing sector and this paper explores how police training programs and the deployment …

"She Ensample Was By Good Techynge": Hermiene Ulrich And Chaucer Under Capricorn, Louise D'Arcens

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Hermiene Frederica Ulrich (later Parnell) is a significant but now largely forgotten figure in early Australian academic history, who is especially notable for her brief but vital contribution to the tradition of early female readership of Chaucer in Australia. Despite her exclusion from university teaching after a promising and vital early career, Ulrich/Parnell continued to figure in her contribution as a public medievalist. This essay argues that Ulrich/Parnell's contribution as an early woman reader of Chaucer has been overlooked because of three-fold feminization in which her gender, teaching career, and colonial status have all rendered her the antithesis of the …

Iraq, The Prequel(S): Historicising Military Occupation And Withdrawal In Kingdom Of Heaven And 300, Louise D'Arcens

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

As well as being historical films, Zack Snyder’s 300 and Ridley Scott’s Kingdom of Heaven both reflect on the value and the danger of historical commemoration and amnesia. The films’ opposing stances on the ‘righteous’ use of history directly link to their differing uses of historical East-West clashes (Thermopylae and the Crusades) as allegorical commentaries on current East-West tensions, specifically the Western occupation of Iraq. Examining these films together, however, illuminates the cross-historical heroic idiom they both share, and thus exposes the drawbacks of the historical periodisation that persists in current approaches to film in medieval and classical studies.