Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Self-Forgiveness, Shame, And Guilt In Recovery From Drug And Alcohol Problems, Breanna J. Mcgaffin, Geoffrey C. B Lyons, Frank P. Deane

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: People with drug and/or alcohol problems often experience feelings of shame and guilt, which have been associated with poorer recovery. Self-forgiveness has the potential to reduce these negative experiences. Methods: The current study tested theorized mediators (acceptance, conciliatory behavior, empathy) of the relationships between shame and guilt with self-forgiveness. A cross-sectional sample of 133 individuals (74.4% male) receiving residential treatment for substance abuse completed self-report measures of shame, guilt, self-forgiveness, and the mediators. Results: Consistent with previous research, guilt had a positive association with self-forgiveness, whereas shame was negatively associated with self-forgiveness. Acceptance mediated the guilt and self-forgiveness relationship …

Effective Teaching And Motivation: Application Of Self-Determination Theory, Dana J. Perlman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Developing quality and effective future teachers is a cornerstone of all teacher-education programs. An area of inquiry that has been identified as influential within the teacher development process is the concept of motivation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine if there were differences between elements of effective teaching based on preservice teachers (PTs) motivation toward teaching. 68 (Male=44; Female=24) undergraduate Physical and Health Education PTs were recruited within this study. PT data were collected on their motivation toward teaching and elements of effective teaching. Results indicated that motivation was associated with elements of effective teaching.

Influences On Students' Dispositions In Key Stage 3: Exploring Enjoyment Of School, Popularity, Anxiety, Citizenship Values And Academic Self-Concepts In Year 9, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Rebecca Smees, Diana Draghici, Katalin Toth

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Effective Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Education Project (EPPSE) has investigated the academic and social-behavioural development of approximately 3,000 children from the age of 3+ years since 1997. This Research Brief reports on students' dispositions when they were age 14 (Year 9) in six main areas: 'enjoyment of school', 'academic self concept' (English and maths), 'popularity', 'citizenship values' and 'anxiety'. It examines how these dispositions have changed during Key Stage 3 (KS3) and the relationships between dispositions and a range of individual student, family, home, pre-, primary and secondary school measures. It shows how school experiences help to shape dispositions, …

The Feasibility And Validity Of Ambulatory Self-Report Of Psychotic Symptoms Using A Smartphone Software Application, Jasper Palmier-Claus, J Ainsworth, M Machin, C Barrowclough, Graham Dunn, Emma Barkus, A Rogers, T Wykes, S Kapur, Iain Buchan, E Salter, Shon Lewis

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Semi-structured interview scales for psychosis are the gold standard approach to assessing psychotic and other symptoms. However, such assessments have limitations such as recall bias, averaging, insensitivity to change and variable interrater reliability. Ambulant, real-time self-report assessment devices may hold advantages over interview measures, but it needs to be shown that the data thus collected are valid, and the collection method is acceptable, feasible and safe. We report on a monitoring system for the assessment of psychosis using smartphone technology. The primary aims were to: i) assess validity through correlations of item responses with those on widely accepted interview …

Training Self-Assessment And Task-Selection Skills: A Cognitive Approach To Improving Self-Regulated Learning, Danny Kostons, Tamara Van Gog, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

For self-regulated learning to be effective, students need to be able to accurately assess their own performance on a learning task and use this assessment for the selection of a new learning task. Evidence suggests, however, that students have difficulties with accurate self-assessment and task selection, which may explain the poor learning outcomes often found with self-regulated learning. In experiment 1, the hypothesis was investigated and confirmed that observing a human model engaging in self-assessment, task selection, or both could be effective for secondary education students' (N=80) acquisition of self- assessment and task-selection skills. Experiment 2 investigated and confirmed the …

A Comparative Analysis Between Primary And Secondary Teachers: A Self-Determination Perspective, Dana J. Perlman, Phil Pearson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The importance of student motivation within a student's educational career can be viewed as a cornerstone to effective pedagogy and student learning. Xiang, Lee and Shen (2001) have indicated that as student's progress throughout the K-12 system, their level of motivation tends to decrease. As such, a question of intrigue is whether teachers within different grade levels provide different motivational instruction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the differences between primary and secondary educators ability to provide a motivationally-supportive learning context. Grounded within the self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985), this study utilized a quantitative approach …

A Proposed Adaptation Of The European Foundation For Quality Management Excellence Model To Physical Activity Programmes For The Elderly - Development Of A Quality Self-Assessment Tool Using A Modified Delphi Process, Ana I. Marques, Leonel Santos, Pedro Soares, Rute Santos, Antonio Oliveira-Tavares, Jorge Mota, Joana Carvalho

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background There has been a growing concern in designing physical activity (PA) programmes for elderly people, since evidence suggests that such health promotion interventions may reduce the deleterious effects of the ageing process. Complete programme evaluations are a necessary prerequisite to continuous quality improvements. Being able to refine, adapt and create tools that are suited to the realities and contexts of PA programmes for the elderly in order to support its continuous improvement is, therefore, crucial. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a self-assessment tool for PA programmes for the elderly. Methods A 3-round Delphi process was …

The Impact Of Self-Efficacy On Asthma Management Amongst Older Australian Adults, Pippa Burns, Sandra C. Jones, Donald C. Iverson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Rationale: Australian asthma rates are high by international standards causing greatest mortality amongst older adults.

This paper looks at the relationships between perceived self-efficacy (belief in oneself) to manage the physical discomfort or pain caused by asthma and also the emotional distress caused by asthma and: reported health status; asthma quality of life for both mood and breathlessness; asthma management practices; and emergency health care use for asthma in adults aged 55 years and over.

Methods: A 20 page survey exploring the health beliefs, behaviours and attitudes of older Australians, was mailed to 9,000 people, (response rate = 46.8%). Participants …

Relationships Between Pupils' Self-Perceptions, Views Of Primary School And Their Development In Year 5, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Helena Jelicic, Sofka Barreau, Yvonne Grabbe, Rebecca Smees

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This research builds on earlier reports (Sammons et al., 2007) by investigating relationships between children's outcomes in Year 5 and aspects of pupils' self perceptions and their views of primary school measured in Year 5 (age 10) and in Year 2 (age 7) of primary school while controlling for background characteristics. These measures have been derived from a self-report instrument completed by the EPPE 3-11 children. The analyses explored associations between children's progress and development over time and their self-perceptions and views of primary school.

Influences On Pupils' Self-Perceptions In Primary School: Enjoyment Of School, Anxiety And Isolation, And Self-Image In Year 5, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Rebecca Smees, Edward Melhuish

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This report presents the results of analyses of pupils' self-perceptions in primary school. It is part of the longitudinal Effective Pre-school and Primary Education 3-11 (EPPE 3-11) research project funded by the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). The focus of this report is pupils' self-perceptions in Year 5 (age 10) in four key areas: 'Enjoyment of school'; 'Academic self-image'; 'Behavioural self-image' and 'Anxiety and Isolation'. Reports on pupils' cognitive and social/behavioural development at this age have been published separately (Sammons et al., 2007). Questionnaires were administered to children asking their views about school and classroom life. These provided …

Pupils' Self-Perceptions And Views Of Primary School In Year 5, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Helena Jelicic, Rebecca Smees, Sofka Barreau, Yvonne Grabbe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Effective Pre-School and Primary Education 3-11 (EPPE 3-11) project investigates the impact of pre- school, primary school and family on a range of outcomes for a national sample of approximately 2,800 children in England between the ages of 3 and 11 years. This Research Brief presents findings on pupils' Self-perceptions (' Enjoyment of school', 'Anxiety and Isolation', 'Academic self-image' and 'Behavioural self-image' ) and their views of different features of primary school (' Teachers' support for pupils' learning', 'Headteacher qualities' and 'Positive social environment' ) in Year 5. The analyses involved two steps: first, differences in pupils' Self-perceptions and …

Supporting Self-Management Of Diabetes In Aboriginal People Living With Diabetes Through A 5-Day Residential Camp, Caroline Harris, Owen Curtis

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The aim of a 5-Day Diabetes Self-management Residential Camp was to develop, trial and evaluate a culturally appropriate model of disease self-management in a group of Aboriginal people with established diabetes and their partners, focusing on education, diet, exercise, attitudes and beliefs. The camp was effective in providing education, addressing barriers to good control of clinical signs and symptoms, fostering self-management skills, changing lifestyle behaviors and improving diabetes outcomes.

Accelerating Self-Motion Displays Produce The Most Compelling Vection, Stephen Palmisano, F Pekin, Simone Favelle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 27th European Conference on Visual Perception, 22-26 August 2004, Budapest, Hungary

Testing The Relationship Between Personality, Computer Self-Efficacy And Computer Anxiety, Shae-Leigh C. Vella, Peter Caputi, Rohan Jayasuriya

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper discusses research in progress that examines the relationship between personality, computer self- efficacy and computer anxiety. An extension of the model proposed by Thatcher and Perrewe (2002) is discussed. This extended model considers the role of personality in determining the antecedents of variables affecting computer anxiety and self-efficacy, and how in turn computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy influence task performance. The methodology for testing the model is also presented.

Social Identity, Domain Specific Self-Esteem And Intergroup Evaluation: The Relevance Of Important Self-Esteem Domains., John A. Hunter, Kerry O'Brien, Andrew C. Grocott

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The present investigation sought to extend recent research concerned with assessing the link between domain specific self-esteem and intergroup evaluation. It was hypothesized that, following the display of group favoring evaluations, category members would experience an increase in that domain of self-esteem judged to be more important to the ingroup. Support for this hypothesis was found. A pilot study was conducted to ascertain which domains of the self were judged by male category members to be important and unimportant to the ingroup. On the basis of this analysis, domains of self-esteem important (i.e. physical self-esteem) and unimportant (i.e. religious self-esteem) …

Strategies For Managing Suicide And Self-Harm In Prisons, Morag Mcarthur, Peter J. Camilleri, Honey Webb

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Previous research has consistently shown that suicide is the leading cause of death in Australian prisons. This paper provides a summary of current program initiatives and strategies for minimising self harm that are operating in Australian prisons.

Perceiving Self-Motion In Depth: The Role Of Stereoscopic Motion And Changing-Size Cues, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

During self-motions different patterns of optic flow are presented to the left and right eyes. Previous research has, however, focussed mainly on the self-motion information contained in a single pattern of optic flow. The current studies investigated the role that binocular disparity plays in the visual perception of self-motion, showing that the addition of stereoscopic cues to optic flow significantly improves forwards linear vection in central vision. Improvements were also achieved by adding changing-size cues to sparse (but not dense) flow patterns. These findings showed that assumptions in the heading literature that stereoscopic cues only facilitate self-motion when the optic …