Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of A Multi-Component Higher-Functioning Autism Anti-Stigma Program On Adolescent Boys, Jessica J. Staniland, Mitchell K. Byrne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A six-session higher-functioning autism anti-stigma program incorporating descriptive, explanatory and directive information was delivered to adolescent boys and the impact upon knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions towards peers with autism was evaluated. Participants were seventh-, eighth- and ninth-grade students (N = 395) from regular classes in a mainstream school. Two-eighth-grade classes were randomly allocated to the intervention condition and all remaining students were either allocated to the no-intervention peer or no-intervention non-peer condition. The anti-stigma program improved the knowledge and attitudes, but not the behavioural intentions of participants towards their peers with autism. Knowledge and attitudinal changes were maintained at …

The Effects Of Inhibitory Control Training On Alcohol Consumption, Implicit Alcohol-Related Cognitions And Brain Electrical Activity, Claire Bowley, Cameron Faricy, Bronwyn Hegarty, Stuart J. Johnstone, Janette L. Smith, Peter J. Kelly, Jacqueline A. Rushby

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study aimed to replicate findings that alcohol consumption and positive implicit beer-related cognitions can be reduced using inhibitory control (IC) training, with the addition of an active training control. Frontal EEG asymmetry, an objective psychophysiological index of approach motivation, was used as a dependent measure to examine training outcomes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two IC training conditions (Beer NoGo or Beer Go) or a Brief Alcohol Intervention (BAI) (i.e. the active training control). The IC training tasks consistently paired a stimulus that required a response with images of water (Beer NoGo) or images of beer (Beer …

The Relationship Between Coach Leadership, The Coach-Athlete Relationship, Team Success, And The Positive Developmental Experiences Of Adolescent Soccer Players, Stewart A. Vella, Lindsay G. Oades, Trevor P. Crowe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The goals of participation youth sports are primarily concerned with the facilitation of positive youth development as opposed to outright success. Consequently, there are strong theoretical and empirical links between sports coaching and athlete development. Transformational leadership behaviours, in particular, have been theoretically linked to positive developmental outcomes within a youth sport context, while the coach-athlete relationship is a key tool used by coaches who aim to teach life skills to young athletes. Outright team success has also been shown to correlate with important developmental variables such as a mastery climate and athlete perception of youth sports coaches. Aims: …

Eat, Drink And Gamble: Marketing Messages About 'Risky' Products In An Australian Major Sporting Series, Sophie Lindsay, Samantha Thomas, Sophie Lewis, Kate Westberg, Rob Moodie, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

To investigate the alcohol, gambling, and unhealthy food marketing strategies during a nationally televised, free to air, sporting series in Australia.

Methods/approach

Using the Australian National Rugby League 2012 State of Origin three-game series, we conducted a mixed methods content analysis of the frequency, duration, placement and content of advertising strategies, comparing these strategies both within and across the three games.

Results

There were a total of 4445 episodes (mean = 1481.67, SD = 336.58), and 233.23 minutes (mean = 77.74, SD = 7.31) of marketing for alcoholic beverages, gambling products and unhealthy foods and non-alcoholic beverages during the …

Regulation Of Alcohol Advertising: Policy Options For Australia, Sandra C. Jones, Ross Gordon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A systematic search of academic databases was conducted to identify all refereed papers published between 1990 and 2012 on the regulation of alcohol advertising in Australia and three comparison countries (New Zealand, Canada and the UK). This paper reviews the codes that apply to alcohol advertising in each of the four countries, research into the effectiveness of these codes, and the small body of research into consumer attitudes towards alcohol advertising regulation. This review adduces considerable evidence that alcohol advertising influences drinking behaviours, and that current regulatory systems based on co-regulation and voluntary regulation (as is the case in Australia) …

Trainee Teachers' Attitudes Towards Students With Specific Learning Disabilities, Stuart Woodcock

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Policies on the inclusion of students with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms have focused attention on how general education teachers perceive these students. Furthermore with specific learning disabilities forming a large group of diverse students, and teachers' attitudes often not changing over the career span, preparing teachers for inclusive education is vitally important. This study aimed to identify the attitudes of trainee1 teachers towards students with specific learning disabilities and differentiation of the curriculum. Significant differences were found between the attitudes of primary and secondary school trainee teachers, and the influence of training. There were no differences in attitudes …

Can Working Memory Predict Target-To-Target Interval Effects In The P300?, Genevieve Z. Steiner, Robert J. Barry, Craig J. Gonsalvez

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It has been suggested that the P300 component of the ERP is an electrophysiological index of memory-updating processes associated with task-relevant stimuli. Component magnitude varies with the time separating target stimuli (target-to-target interval: TTI), with longer TTIs eliciting larger P300 amplitudes. According to the template-update perspective, TTI effects observable in the P300 reflect the updating of stimulus-templates in working memory (WM). The current study explored whether young adults' memory-task ability could predict TTI effects in P300. EEG activity was recorded from 50 university students (aged 18–25 years) while they completed an auditory equiprobable Go/NoGo task with manipulations of TTIs. Participants …

A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial To Differentiate The Acute Cognitive And Mood Effects Of Chlorogenic Acid From Decaffeinated Coffee, David A. Camfield, Beata Y. Silber, Andrew B. Scholey, Karen Nolidin, Antionette Goh, Con Stough

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In the current study, sixty healthy older adults aged 50 years or older, and who were light to moderate coffee drinkers, were administered 6g of a decaffeinated green coffee blend (NESCAFÉ Green Blend coffee; GB) or 540mg pure chlorogenic acids (CGA) or placebo in a double-blind acute cross-over design, with cognitive and mood assessments pre-dose, 40-mins and 120-mins post-dose. The primary outcome measure was accuracy in Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP). Secondary cognitive outcome measures included RVIP reaction time as well as Inspection time (IT), Jensen Box decision/reaction times, serial subtraction and N-Back working memory. Secondary mood measures included Bond-Lader …

Acute Effects Of Different Multivitamin Mineral Preparations With And Without Guaraná On Mood, Cognitive Performance And Functional Brain Activation, Andrew Scholey, Isabelle Bauer, Chris Neale, Karen Savage, David Camfield, David White, Silvia Maggini, Andrew Pipingas, Con Stough, Matthew Hughes

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Previous work has identified the positive effects of the acute administration of a multivitamin-guaraná preparation during an effortful executive/working memory task. Here, we aimed to differentiate the effects of multivitamins with and without guaraná and to examine the neural substrates of such effects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, balanced crossover design, 20 participants (mean age 29 ± 5.54 years) consumed multivitamin preparations with or without guaraná (Berocca® Performance and Boost, respectively) and a placebo. Thirty minutes post-treatment, they underwent neurocognitive assessment, consisting of a 10 min Cognitive Demand Battery, with mood ratings taken immediately …

A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating The Neurocognitive Effects Of Lacprodan® Pl-20, A Phospholipid-Rich Milk Protein Concentrate, In Elderly Participants With Age-Associated Memory Impairment: The Phospholipid Intervention For Cognitive Ageing Reversal (Plicar): Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Andrew B. Scholey, David A. Camfield, Matthew E. Hughes, Will Woods, Con K. Stough, David J. White, Shakuntla V. Gondalia, Pernille D. Frederiksen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) is of major societal concern in an ageing population, with the development of dietary supplements providing a promising avenue for amelioration of associated deficits. Despite initial interest in the use of phospholipids (PLs) for ARCD, in recent years there has been a hiatus in such research. Because of safety concerns regarding PLs derived from bovine cortex, and the equivocal efficacy of soybean-derived PLs, there is an important need for the development of new PL alternatives. Phospholipids derived from milk proteins represent one potential candidate treatment.

Methods: In order to reduce the effects of age-associated memory …

The Effects Of Multivitamin Supplementation On Diurnal Cortisol Secretion And Perceived Stress, David A. Camfield, Mark A. Wetherell, Andrew B. Scholey, Katherine H. M Cox, Erin Fogg, David J. White, Jerome Sarris, Marni Kras, Con Stough, Avni Sali, Andrew Pipingas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Recent evidence suggests that dietary intake of vitamins, in particular the B-vitamins including B6, B9 and B12 may have a number of positive effects on mood and stress. Given the effects of stress on a range of biological mechanisms including the endocrine system, it could be reasonably expected that multivitamin supplementation may also affect markers of these mechanisms such as diurnal cortisol secretion. In the current double-blind placebo-controlled study 138 adults (aged 20 to 50 years) were administered a multivitamin containing B-vitamins versus placebo over a 16-week period. Salivary cortisol measurements were taken at waking, 15-min, 30-min and at bedtime, …

Challenges To Getting Evidence Into Practice: Expert Clinician Perspectives On Psychotherapy For Personality Disorders, Kye L. Mccarthy, Phoebe E. Carter, Brin F. S Grenyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background No known recent studies have investigated service provision for personality disorder in Australia, despite international studies suggesting provision of such services is sub-optimal. Aims This study aimed to gain insight into psychotherapy provided for personality disorders, treatments considered optimal by clinicians and opinions of clinicians on the current levels of care. Methods The views of 60 experienced clinicians working with personality disorders were sampled. Results Data showed significant gaps between current practices for the treatment of personality disorders provided by clinicians compared to their perceptions of optimal treatment practice. Conclusions This study highlights the evidence-practice gap and the need …

Increasing Practice After Stroke To Optimise Upper Limb Rehabilitation: A Phase Ii Randomised Trial, N A. Lannin, C Hills, A Cusick, B Kinnear, G Bowring

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Poster abstract presented at the STROKE 2013 CONFERENCE. 24th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Stroke Society of Australia. 31 July - 2 August 2013. Darwin, Australia

The 'Tiger Mother' Factor: Curriculum, Schooling And Mentoring Of Asian Students In An Australian Context, Wilma Vialle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There is evidence from a range of sources that indicates that South and East Asian background students are academically outperforming their peers in Australian primary and secondary schools (see, for example, Khoo and Birrell, 2002; Marks et al., 2000; Mcinerney, 2008; Paar and Mok, 1995). This evidence ranges from tertiary enrolment figures and the enrolment statistics of academically selective programs, through to school achievement records and research studies. Several explanations for the superior academic outcomes have been posited by researchers. These have included their work ethic, motivation and aspirations, and the support and expectations of their parents. While these explanations …

A Case Study Of How Using Laptops In A Primary Classroom Facilitated Higher Order Thinking, Amanda Gigliotti, Lisa Carrington, Shirley Agostinho

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research about 1:1 laptop school initiatives highlight benefits for learning, however, there is little research about the impact of such initiatives in the primary school context. This case study reports how a 1:1 laptop program facilitated Higher Order Thinking (HOT) in an upper primary classroom in Australia. The class was observed during one unit of work and Bloom's taxonomy of HOT was used as the analysis framework. Results showed that Higher Order Thinking was evident when laptop tasks encouraged students to take an active role in their learning. HOT was facilitated by students being able to make decisions on applications …

Computer Gaming And Adhd: Potential Positive Influences On Behavior, Stuart Johnstone

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Parents often express concerns about that technology, particularly video has on their children. Indeed, have been associated with problems social isolation and a drop-off in academic achievement, and games containing violence shown to increase aggressive thoughts and. Frequent interaction with video games been associated with subsequent problems functions such as attention and impulse-control However, it is important to note that technology and video games can also be used to improve behavior. During my 15 years of research examining the brain electrical activity and behavior of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), there has been an increase in the use …

More Thinking About Less Data: A Perspective From The 2nd Provence Summer Workshop, M Valenzuela, D Bartres-Faz, E Bullmore, A Fjell, M Maletic-Savetic, R Martins, N Solowij, M Yucel

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Doppler intuited that a sound’s pitch could be altered by the relative velocity between the source and an observer-70 years later Hubble used the same principle and 42 data points to prove the universe was indeed expanding. Arguably, no other data set of 0.042 Kb has done more to change our understanding of the cosmos. Although modest in volume, it took Hubble several years to acquire these precious numbers.

Brisk Heart Rate And Eeg Changes During Execution And Withholding Of Cue-Paced Foot Motor Imagery, Gert Pfurtscheller, Teodoro Solis-Escalante, Robert J. Barry, Daniela S. Klobassa, Christa Neuper, Gernot R. Muller-Putz

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cue-paced motor imagery (MI) is a frequently used mental strategy to realize a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). Recently it has been reported that two MI tasks can be separated with a high accuracy within the first second after cue presentation onset. To investigate this phenomenon in detail we studied the dynamics of motor cortex beta oscillations in EEG and the changes in heart rate (HR) during visual cue-paced foot MI using a go (execution of imagery) vs. nogo (withholding of imagery) paradigm in 16 healthy subjects. Both execution and withholding of MI resulted in a brisk centrally localized beta event-related desynchronization …

Responsibility Messages In Alcohol Advertising - Just One More Selling Tool?, Sandra C. Jones, Kirsten Brighten

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2013, 24-27 November 2013, Brisbane, Australia

Music In The Prevention And Treatment Of Substance Misuse, Stoyan Stoyanov, Zoe Papinczak, Genevieve A. Dingle, Oksana Zelenko, Leanne Hides, Peter J. Kelly, Felicity Baker, Libby Gleadhill, Alexander Short, Dian Tjondronegoro

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2013, 24-27 November 2013, Brisbane, Australia

Associations Between Sports Participation, Adiposity And Obesity-Related Health Behaviors In Australian Adolescents, Stewart A. Vella, Dylan P. Cliff, Anthony D. Okely, Maree L. Scully, Belinda C. Morley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between organized sports participation, weight status, physical activity, screen time, and important food habits in a large nationally representative sample of Australian adolescents.

Methods

Nationally representative cross-sectional study of 12,188 adolescents from 238 secondary schools aged between 12 and 17 years (14.47 ± 1.25 y, 53% male, 23% overweight/obese). Participation in organized sports, compliance with national physical activity, screen time, and fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and high-fat foods were self-reported. Weight status and adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) were measured.

Results

Organized sports participation …

An Emotion Regulation Model Of Substance Misuse, Genevieve A. Dingle, Julie D. Henry, Alithea Taylor, Peter Kelly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2013, 24-27 November 2013, Brisbane, Australia

Are Parents Concerned About Alcohol Branded Merchandise?, Sandra C. Jones, Kelly Andrews

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2013, 24-27 November 2013, Brisbane, Australia

My Friends Bundy, Cruiser And Vb: Alcohol Marketing On Facebook, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson, Lance Barrie, Sondra Davroen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2013, 24-27 November 2013, Brisbane, Australia

Der-Nsw Evaluation: Conclusions From The 2013 Data Collection, Sarah Howard, Adrian Mozejko

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The following report considers final results of the evaluation of the Australian Commonwealth Government's Digital Education Revolution in New South Wales (DERNSW) one-to-one laptop program, in relation to student and teachers' developing engagement and use of ICTs.

Oscillatory Underpinnings Of Mismatch Negativity And Their Relationship With Cognitive Function In Patients With Schizophrenia, Muzaffer Kaser, Fruzsina Soltesz, Phil Lawrence, Sam Miller, Chris Dodds, Rodney J. Croft, Robert B. Dudas, Rashid Zaman, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Ulrich Mueller, Anna Dean, Edward T. Bullmore, Pradeep J. Nathan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Impairments in mismatch negativity (MMN) generation have been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, underlying oscillatory activity of MMN deficits in schizophrenia and the relationship with cognitive impairments have not been investigated in detail. Time-frequency power and phase analyses can provide more detailed measures of brain dynamics of MMN deficits in schizophrenia. Method: 21 patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls were tested with a roving frequency paradigm to generate MMN. Time-frequency domain power and phase-locking (PL) analysis was performed on all trials using short-time Fourier transforms with Hanning window tapering. A comprehensive battery (CANTAB) was used to …

While We Are Talking About Environmental Justice, Let's Give Children A Voice, Peter Andersen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As governments, communities and individuals grapple with how to deal with the avalanche of negative news regarding the environment, children are often left out of the decision-making processes. Traditional Western schooling is still dominated by the 'banking' method of teaching, in which knowledge is deposited into the minds of the children under an adult-centric educational paradigm. As a step toward achieving justice for children, educators need to reverse the traditional model of intergenerational influence by furnishing children with the chances, tools and skills to influence those around them, including adults, to live more sustainable lives. This chapter will highlight the …

Factors That Influence Consumption Of Fish And Omega-3 Enriched Foods: A Survey Of Australian Families With Young Children, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Karen Charlton, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Barbara J. Meyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aim: The present study aimed to identify factors that influence the consumption of fish and foods that are enriched with omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), in order to inform the development of effective nutrition education strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional, 10-item self-administered survey was conducted to 262 parents of children aged 9-13 years from a regional centre in New South Wales. Parents were asked questions related to frequency of consumption, and to identify factors that either encouraged or prevented the provision of fish/seafood and/or n-3 LCPUFAenriched foods for their families. Results: Salmon, canned tuna, prawn and take-away fish were …

Estimation Of Dietary Flavonoid Intake And Cognitive Performance In Older Adults With Alzheimer's Type Dementia, Katherine Caldwell, Karen E. Charlton, Steven J. Roodenrys

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The Nutrition Society of Australia and Nutrition Society of New Zealand 2013 Joint Annual Scientific Meeting, 4-6 December 2013, Brisbane, Australia

Career Crossroads: A Delphi Study Of The Motivations And Concerns Of Mid-Career Teachers In Nsw Department Of Education And Communities Primary Schools, Ruth Lusty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The last decade has been marked by rapid educational change (OECD, 2005), with a renewed focus on teacher accountability. Research has shown that excellence in teaching is the single most powerful influence on student achievement (Hattie, 2003); however, while some teachers 'survive and flourish, others fall by the wayside' (Day and Gu, 2010, p. 1). It is vital, therefore, to be able to understand the conditions that determine the difference. Yet research into the working lives of mid-career teachers, defined as teachers with between 8 to 15 years teaching experience, who are a significant and experienced part of our teaching …