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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Cognitive Architecture And Instructional Design: 20 Years Later, John Sweller, Jeroen J. G Van Merrienboer, Fred Paas
Cognitive Architecture And Instructional Design: 20 Years Later, John Sweller, Jeroen J. G Van Merrienboer, Fred Paas
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Cognitive load theory was introduced in the 1980s as an instructional design theory based on several uncontroversial aspects of human cognitive architecture. Our knowledge of many of the characteristics of working memory, long-term memory and the relations between them had been well-established for many decades prior to the introduction of the theory. Curiously, this knowledge had had a limited impact on the field of instructional design with most instructional design recommendations proceeding as though working memory and long-term memory did not exist. In contrast, cognitive load theory emphasised that all novel information first is processed by a capacity and duration …
Therapeutic Effects Of Prolonged Cannabidiol Treatment On Psychological Symptoms And Cognitive Function In Regular Cannabis Users: A Pragmatic Open-Label Clinical Trial, Nadia Solowij, Samantha J. Broyd, Camilla Beale, Julie-Anne Prick, Lisa-Marie Greenwood, Hendrika H. Van Hell, Chao Suo, Peter Galettis, Nagesh B. Pai, Shanlin Fu, Rodney J. Croft, Jennifer H. Martin, Murat Yucel
Therapeutic Effects Of Prolonged Cannabidiol Treatment On Psychological Symptoms And Cognitive Function In Regular Cannabis Users: A Pragmatic Open-Label Clinical Trial, Nadia Solowij, Samantha J. Broyd, Camilla Beale, Julie-Anne Prick, Lisa-Marie Greenwood, Hendrika H. Van Hell, Chao Suo, Peter Galettis, Nagesh B. Pai, Shanlin Fu, Rodney J. Croft, Jennifer H. Martin, Murat Yucel
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Chronic cannabis use has been associated with impaired cognition and elevated psychological symptoms, particularly psychotic-like experiences.
Cognitive And Psychological Flexibility After A Traumatic Brain Injury And The Implications For Treatment In Acceptance-Based Therapies: A Conceptual Review, Diane L. Whiting, Frank P. Deane, Grahame K. Simpson, Hamish J. Mcleod, Joseph Ciarrochi
Cognitive And Psychological Flexibility After A Traumatic Brain Injury And The Implications For Treatment In Acceptance-Based Therapies: A Conceptual Review, Diane L. Whiting, Frank P. Deane, Grahame K. Simpson, Hamish J. Mcleod, Joseph Ciarrochi
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
2015 Taylor & Francis This paper provides a selective review of cognitive and psychological flexibility in the context of treatment for psychological distress after traumatic brain injury, with a focus on acceptance-based therapies. Cognitive flexibility is a component of executive function that is referred to mostly in the context of neuropsychological research and practice. Psychological flexibility, from a clinical psychology perspective, is linked to health and well-being and is an identified treatment outcome for therapies such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). There are a number of overlaps between the constructs. They both manifest in the ability to change behaviour …
"Get-Up" Study Rationale And Protocol: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial To Evaluate The Effects Of Reduced Sitting On Toddlers' Cognitive Development, Rute Santos, Dylan P. Cliff, Steven J. Howard, Sanne Veldman, Ian M. R Wright, Eduarda Sousa-Sa, Joao R. Pereira, Anthony D. Okely
"Get-Up" Study Rationale And Protocol: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial To Evaluate The Effects Of Reduced Sitting On Toddlers' Cognitive Development, Rute Santos, Dylan P. Cliff, Steven J. Howard, Sanne Veldman, Ian M. R Wright, Eduarda Sousa-Sa, Joao R. Pereira, Anthony D. Okely
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background The educational and cognitive differences associated with low socioeconomic status begin early in life and tend to persist throughout life. Coupled with the finding that levels of sedentary time are negatively associated with cognitive development, and time spent active tends to be lower in disadvantaged circumstances, this highlights the need for interventions that reduce the amount of time children spend sitting and sedentary during childcare. The proposed study aims to assess the effects of reducing sitting time during Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services on cognitive development in toddlers from low socio-economic families. Methods/Design We will implement a …
Enhancing Preschoolers' Executive Functions Through Embedding Cognitive Activities In Shared Book Reading, Steven J. Howard, Thomasin Powell, Elena Vasseleu, Stuart J. Johnstone, Edward Melhuish
Enhancing Preschoolers' Executive Functions Through Embedding Cognitive Activities In Shared Book Reading, Steven J. Howard, Thomasin Powell, Elena Vasseleu, Stuart J. Johnstone, Edward Melhuish
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Given evidence that early executive functioning sets the stage for a broad range of subsequent outcomes, researchers have sought to identify ways to foster these cognitive capacities. The current series of studies sought to design, develop, and provide evidence for the efficacy of embedding cognitive activities in a commonplace activity-shared reading of a children's book. The book, Quincey Quokka's Quest, required children to control their thinking and behavior to help the story's main character through a series of obstacles. The first study investigated effects of reading with embedded cognitive activities in individual and group contexts on young children's executive functions …
A Systematic Review Of Cognitive Failures In Daily Life: Healthy Populations, Nicole Carrigan, Emma Barkus
A Systematic Review Of Cognitive Failures In Daily Life: Healthy Populations, Nicole Carrigan, Emma Barkus
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Cognitive failures are minor errors in thinking reported by clinical and non-clinical individuals during everyday life. It is not yet clear how subjectively-reported cognitive failures relate to objective neuropsychological ability. We aimed to consolidate the definition of cognitive failures, outline evidence for the relationship with objective cognition, and develop a unified model of factors that increase cognitive failures. We conducted a systematic review of cognitive failures, identifying 45 articles according to the PRISMA statement. Failures were defined as reflecting proneness to errors in 'real world' planned thought and action. Vulnerability to failures was not consistently associated with objective cognitive performance. …
Cognitive Benefits Of Social Dancing And Walking In Old Age: The Dancing Mind Randomized Controlled Trial, Dafna Merom, Anne Grunseit, Ranmalee Eramudugolla, Barbara Jefferis, Jade Mcneill, Kaarin J. Anstey
Cognitive Benefits Of Social Dancing And Walking In Old Age: The Dancing Mind Randomized Controlled Trial, Dafna Merom, Anne Grunseit, Ranmalee Eramudugolla, Barbara Jefferis, Jade Mcneill, Kaarin J. Anstey
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background: A physically active lifestyle has the potential to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, yet the optimal type of physical activity/exercise remains unclear. Dance is of special interest as it complex sensorimotor rhythmic activity with additional cognitive, social, and affective dimensions. Objectives: To determine whether dance benefits executive function more than walking, an activity that is simple and functional. Methods: Two-arm randomized controlled trial among community-dwelling older adults. The intervention group received 1 h of ballroom dancing twice weekly over 8 months (~69 sessions) in local community dance studios. The control group received a combination of a home walking program …
Cognitive And Oculomotor Performance In Subjects With Low And High Schizotypy: Implications For Translational Drug Development Studies, Ivan Koychev, D Joyce, Emma Barkus, Ulrich Ettinger, Anne Schmechtig, Colin Dourish, Gerard Dawson, Kevin Craig, John Francis Deakin
Cognitive And Oculomotor Performance In Subjects With Low And High Schizotypy: Implications For Translational Drug Development Studies, Ivan Koychev, D Joyce, Emma Barkus, Ulrich Ettinger, Anne Schmechtig, Colin Dourish, Gerard Dawson, Kevin Craig, John Francis Deakin
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The development of drugs to improve cognition in patients with schizophrenia is a major unmet clinical need. A number of promising compounds failed in recent clinical trials, a pattern linked to poor translation between preclinical and clinical stages of drug development. Seeking proof of efficacy in early Phase 1 studies in surrogate patient populations (for example, high schizotypy individuals where subtle cognitive impairment is present) has been suggested as a strategy to reduce attrition in the later stages of drug development. However, there is little agreement regarding the pattern of distribution of schizotypal features in the general population, creating uncertainty …
The Clinical Effectiveness Of Concise Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Or Without Pharmacotherapy For Depressive And Anxiety Disorders; A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Equivalence Trial In Clinical Practice, Denise Meuldijk, Ingrid V. Carlier, Irene M. Van Vliet, T Van Veen, R Wolterbeek, Albert M. Van Hemert, Frans G. Zitman
The Clinical Effectiveness Of Concise Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Or Without Pharmacotherapy For Depressive And Anxiety Disorders; A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Equivalence Trial In Clinical Practice, Denise Meuldijk, Ingrid V. Carlier, Irene M. Van Vliet, T Van Veen, R Wolterbeek, Albert M. Van Hemert, Frans G. Zitman
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders contribute to a high disease burden. This paper investigates whether concise formats of cognitive behavioral- and/or pharmacotherapy are equivalent with longer standard care in the treatment of depressive and/or anxiety disorders in secondary mental health care. Methods: A pragmatic randomized controlled equivalence trial was conducted at five Dutch outpatient Mental Healthcare Centers (MHCs) of the Regional Mental Health Provider (RMHP) 'Rivierduinen'. Patients (aged 18-65 years) with a mild to moderate anxiety and/or depressive disorder, were randomly allocated to concise or standard care. Data were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months by Routine Outcome …
Pulse Modulated Radiofrequency Exposure Influences Cognitive Performance, Adam Verrender, Sarah P. Loughran, Anna Dalecki, Raymond J. Mckenzie, Rodney J. Croft
Pulse Modulated Radiofrequency Exposure Influences Cognitive Performance, Adam Verrender, Sarah P. Loughran, Anna Dalecki, Raymond J. Mckenzie, Rodney J. Croft
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Purpose: To investigate whether exposure to pulse modulated radiofrequency (PM RF) influences human cognitive performance, and whether it does so in a dose-dependent manner. Materials and methods: Thirty-six healthy adults participated in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced provocation study. Cognitive performance was assessed using a visual discrimination task and a modified Sternberg working memory task, which were calibrated to individual performance levels in a preliminary testing session. An sXh920 planar exposure system was used to generate a 920 MHz GSM-like signal, providing three conditions (peak-spatial SAR averaged over 10 g) of 0 W/kg (sham), 1 W/kg (low RF) and …
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Moca) Is Sensitive To Head Injury And Cognitive Impairment In A Residential Alcohol And Other Drug Therapeutic Community, Ely Marceau, Jo Lunn, Jamie Berry, Peter Kelly, Nadia Solowij
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Moca) Is Sensitive To Head Injury And Cognitive Impairment In A Residential Alcohol And Other Drug Therapeutic Community, Ely Marceau, Jo Lunn, Jamie Berry, Peter Kelly, Nadia Solowij
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Introduction: Retaining clients in residential alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment is difficult and cognitive impairment has been identified as a significant predictor of treatment dropout. The application of extensive screening for cognitive impairment is cost-prohibitive for most AOD treatment services. The current study aimed to explore cognitive functioning and impairment-associated factors in a typical sample of residential AOD clients using a free brief screening tool that could be utilised by front-line AOD services. Methods: Residents of an AOD therapeutic community (n = 128) and a non-substance using control group (n = 37) were administered a brief cognitive screening measure, …
How Primary School Students Can Self-Manage Cognitive Load When Presented With Redundant Information, Faisal Mirza, Shirley Agostinho, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford, Fred Paas
How Primary School Students Can Self-Manage Cognitive Load When Presented With Redundant Information, Faisal Mirza, Shirley Agostinho, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford, Fred Paas
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the 8th Cognitive Load Theory Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, June 15th - 17th, 2015.
Using Cognitive Load Compliant Instructions To Support Working Memory For Anxious Students, Deborah Chadwick, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford, Shirley Agostinho, Fred Paas
Using Cognitive Load Compliant Instructions To Support Working Memory For Anxious Students, Deborah Chadwick, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford, Shirley Agostinho, Fred Paas
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the 8th Cognitive Load Theory Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, June 15th - 17th, 2015.
Online Cognitive Training In Healthy Older Adults: A Preliminary Study On The Effects Of Single Versus Multi-Domain Training, Courtney C. Walton, Alexandra Kavanagh, Luke Downey, Justine Lomas, David A. Camfield, Con Stough
Online Cognitive Training In Healthy Older Adults: A Preliminary Study On The Effects Of Single Versus Multi-Domain Training, Courtney C. Walton, Alexandra Kavanagh, Luke Downey, Justine Lomas, David A. Camfield, Con Stough
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
It has been argued that cognitive training may be effective in improving cognitive performance in healthy older adults. However, inappropriate active control groups often hinder the validity of these claims. Additionally there are relatively few independent empirical studies on popular commercially available cognitive training programs. The current research extends on previous work to explore cognitive training employing a more robust control group. Twenty-eight healthy older adults (age: M = 64.18, SD = 6.9) completed either a multi-faceted online computerised cognitive training program or trained on a simple reaction time task for 20 minutes a day over a 28 day period. …
Economic Evaluation Of Concise Cognitive Behavioural Therapy And/Or Pharmacotherapy For Depressive And Anxiety Disorders, Denise Meuldijk, Ingrid V. Carlier, Irene M. Van Vliet, Albert M. Van Hemert, Frans G. Zitman, M E. Van Den Akker-Van Marle
Economic Evaluation Of Concise Cognitive Behavioural Therapy And/Or Pharmacotherapy For Depressive And Anxiety Disorders, Denise Meuldijk, Ingrid V. Carlier, Irene M. Van Vliet, Albert M. Van Hemert, Frans G. Zitman, M E. Van Den Akker-Van Marle
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
BACKGROUND: Depressive and anxiety disorders cause great suffering and disability and are associated with high health care costs. In a previous conducted pragmatic randomised controlled trial, we have shown that a concise format of cognitive behavioural- and/or pharmacotherapy is as effective as standard care in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms and in improving subdomains of general health and quality of life in secondary care psychiatric outpatients. AIMS OF THE STUDY: In this economic evaluation, we examined whether a favourable cost-utility of concise care compared to standard care was attained. METHODS: The economic evaluation was performed alongside a pragmatic randomised controlled …
The Importance Of Context When Applying Social Cognitive Theory In Organizations, John Mccormick, Seyyed B. Alavi, Jose Hanham
The Importance Of Context When Applying Social Cognitive Theory In Organizations, John Mccormick, Seyyed B. Alavi, Jose Hanham
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
It is argued that whilst Social Cognitive Theory has universal application in work organizations, and human functioning generally, it should not be applied without taking account of the work context. Three broad contextual categories, conceptually distinct from general organizational contexts, are canvassed: individual, team and cultural. Specific sub-contexts are discussed, not with the view of providing an exhaustive typology, but rather to provide some examples from the very large number of contextual factors that could have been selected. It is concluded that investigation of contextual differences is likely to be a fruitful pursuit for future research into the application of …
Computerized And Virtual Reality Cognitive Training For Individuals At High Risk Of Cognitive Decline: Systematic Review Of The Literature, Hannah Coyle, Victoria Traynor, Nadia Solowij
Computerized And Virtual Reality Cognitive Training For Individuals At High Risk Of Cognitive Decline: Systematic Review Of The Literature, Hannah Coyle, Victoria Traynor, Nadia Solowij
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cognitive training, specifically computerized cognitive training (CCT) and virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT), programs for individuals living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and therefore at high risk of cognitive decline. After searching a range of academic databases (CINHAL, PSYCinfo, and Web of Science), the studies evaluated (N = 16) were categorized as CCT (N = 10), VRCT (N = 3), and multimodal interventions (N = 3). Effect sizes were calculated, but a meta-analysis was not possible because of the large variability of study design and outcome measures …
Behavioral And Fmri Evidence Of The Differing Cognitive Load Of Domain-Specific Assessments, Steven J. Howard, H Burianova, John F. Ehrich, Lisa K. Kervin, Alysha Calleia, Emma Barkus, John Carmody, S Humphry
Behavioral And Fmri Evidence Of The Differing Cognitive Load Of Domain-Specific Assessments, Steven J. Howard, H Burianova, John F. Ehrich, Lisa K. Kervin, Alysha Calleia, Emma Barkus, John Carmody, S Humphry
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Standards-referenced educational reform has increased the prevalence of standardized testing; however, whether these tests accurately measure students' competencies has been questioned. This may be due to domain-specific assessments placing a differing domain-general cognitive load on test-takers. To investigate this possibility, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify and quantify the neural correlates of performance on current, international standardized methods of spelling assessment. Out-of-scanner testing was used to further examine differences in assessment results. Results provide converging evidence that: (a) the spelling assessments differed in the cognitive load placed on test-takers; (b) performance decreased with increasing cognitive load of …
Effects Of Computer-Based Visual Representation On Mathematics Learning And Cognitive Load, Hsin I. Yung, Fred Paas
Effects Of Computer-Based Visual Representation On Mathematics Learning And Cognitive Load, Hsin I. Yung, Fred Paas
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Visual representation has been recognized as a powerful learning tool in many learning domains. Based on the assumption that visual representations can support deeper understanding, we examined the effects of visual representations on learning performance and cognitive load in the domain of mathematics. An experimental condition with visual representations was compared to a control condition without visual representations among primary school students. The hypothesis that learning with visual representations would result in higher learning performance and lower cognitive load than learning without visual representations was confirmed by the results. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Reducing Cognitive Load: The Effects Of Gesturing On Children's Effective Working Memory Capacity, Sahar Bokosmaty, Steven J. Howard, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Fred Paas
Reducing Cognitive Load: The Effects Of Gesturing On Children's Effective Working Memory Capacity, Sahar Bokosmaty, Steven J. Howard, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Fred Paas
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the 8th Cognitive Load Theory Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, June 15th - 17th, 2015.
Cognitive Load, Cues, And Task Selection In Learning Probability Calculus, Jimmie Leppink, Steven F. Raaijmakers, Fred Paas, Tamara Van Gog, Anique De Bruin, Jeroen Van Merrienboer
Cognitive Load, Cues, And Task Selection In Learning Probability Calculus, Jimmie Leppink, Steven F. Raaijmakers, Fred Paas, Tamara Van Gog, Anique De Bruin, Jeroen Van Merrienboer
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the 8th Cognitive Load Theory Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, June 15th - 17th, 2015.
Early In-Session Cognitive-Emotional Problem-Solving Predicts 12-Month Outcomes In Depression With Personality Disorder, Kye L. Mccarthy, Erhardt Mergenthaler, Brin F. S Grenyer
Early In-Session Cognitive-Emotional Problem-Solving Predicts 12-Month Outcomes In Depression With Personality Disorder, Kye L. Mccarthy, Erhardt Mergenthaler, Brin F. S Grenyer
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Therapist-patient verbalizations reveal complex cognitive-emotional linguistic data. How these variables contribute to change requires further research. Emotional-cognitive text analysis using the Ulm cycles model software was applied to transcripts of the third session of psychotherapy for 20 patients with depression and personality disorder. Results showed that connecting cycle sequences of problem-solving in the third hour predicted 12-month clinical outcomes. Therapist-patient dyads most improved spent significantly more time early in session in connecting cycles, whilst the least improved moved into connecting cycles late in session. For this particular sample, it was clear that positive emotional problem-solving in therapy was beneficial.
An Fmri Study Exploring Cognitive Processing During Computer - Based Discovery Learning, Barney Dalgarno, Gregor Kennedy, Sue Bennett
An Fmri Study Exploring Cognitive Processing During Computer - Based Discovery Learning, Barney Dalgarno, Gregor Kennedy, Sue Bennett
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Discovery-based learning designs incorporating active exploration are common within computer-based instructional simulations, supported by constructivist theories of learning focussing on active individual knowledge construction. On the other hand, researchers have highlighted empirical evidence showing that ‘pure’ discovery learning is of limited value and that combinations of explicit instruction and guided discovery learning are more effective. Little is known, however, about differences in the cognitive processing that occurs when a learner undertakes active discovery learning using a computer-based simulation compared to when they are guided through observation of simulation output. A better understanding of the cognitive processing occurring when learners interact …
Adaptive Diagrams: A Research Agenda To Explore How Learners Can Manipulate Online Diagrams To Self-Manage Cognitive Load, Shirley Agostinho, Sharon Tindall-Ford, Sahar Bokosmaty
Adaptive Diagrams: A Research Agenda To Explore How Learners Can Manipulate Online Diagrams To Self-Manage Cognitive Load, Shirley Agostinho, Sharon Tindall-Ford, Sahar Bokosmaty
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This chapter presents an emerging research agenda focused on empowering learners to apply well-known instructional design principles, reserved mainly for application by instructional designers, to the design of diagrams to support their learning. Significant advances have been made in terms of developing design principles that can be applied to the design of diagrams to facilitate the efficient learning of diagrammatic information. However, little is known about how these design principles can be applied by learners themselves. In a technologically rich environment where learners can access a range of online diagrammatic information, we argue that it is imperative that learners' are …
Patterns Of Childcare Arrangements And Cognitive Development, Suna Eryigit-Madzwamuse, Jacqueline Barnes
Patterns Of Childcare Arrangements And Cognitive Development, Suna Eryigit-Madzwamuse, Jacqueline Barnes
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
No abstract provided.
Toward A More Embedded/Extended Perspective On The Cognitive Function Of Gestures, Wim T. Pouw, Jacqueline A. De Nooijer, Tamara Van Gog, Rolf A. Zwaan, Fred Paas
Toward A More Embedded/Extended Perspective On The Cognitive Function Of Gestures, Wim T. Pouw, Jacqueline A. De Nooijer, Tamara Van Gog, Rolf A. Zwaan, Fred Paas
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Gestures are often considered to be demonstrative of the embodied nature of the mind (Hostetter and Alibali, 2008). In this article, we review current theories and research targeted at the intra-cognitive role of gestures. We ask the question how can gestures support internal cognitive processes of the gesturer? We suggest that extant theories are in a sense disembodied, because they focus solely on embodiment in terms of the sensorimotor neural precursors of gestures. As a result, current theories on the intra-cognitive role of gestures are lacking in explanatory scope to address how gestures-as-bodily-acts fulfill a cognitive function. On the basis …
Exploring The Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility And Psychological Flexibility After Acquired Brain Injury, Diane L. Whiting, Frank Deane, Joseph Ciarrochi, Hamish Mcleod, Grahame Simpson
Exploring The Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility And Psychological Flexibility After Acquired Brain Injury, Diane L. Whiting, Frank Deane, Joseph Ciarrochi, Hamish Mcleod, Grahame Simpson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the Tenth World Congress on Brain Injury, 19-22 March 2014, San Francisco, United States
Factors Underlying Cognitive Giftedness: Mental Versus Perceptual Attention, Steven J. Howard, Janice Johnson, Juan Pascual-Leone
Factors Underlying Cognitive Giftedness: Mental Versus Perceptual Attention, Steven J. Howard, Janice Johnson, Juan Pascual-Leone
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Children identified as cognitively gifted, in comparison with age-matched mainstream samples, are advantaged in numerous areas, including mathematics, speed and efficiency in cognitive processing, and resistance to interfering stimuli. Although working memory (WM) has been implicated as a factor mediating these advantages, evidence suggests that gifted children may not be advantaged in all aspects of WM function. We hypothesized that this difference is related to the contrast between mental (related to prefrontal dopamine circuits) and perceptual attention (likely related to prefrontal acetylcholine circuits). Specifically, it was expected that cognitively gifted children would excel in WM tasks taxing mental but not …
A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial To Differentiate The Acute Cognitive And Mood Effects Of Chlorogenic Acid From Decaffeinated Coffee, David A. Camfield, Beata Y. Silber, Andrew B. Scholey, Karen Nolidin, Antionette Goh, Con Stough
A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial To Differentiate The Acute Cognitive And Mood Effects Of Chlorogenic Acid From Decaffeinated Coffee, David A. Camfield, Beata Y. Silber, Andrew B. Scholey, Karen Nolidin, Antionette Goh, Con Stough
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
In the current study, sixty healthy older adults aged 50 years or older, and who were light to moderate coffee drinkers, were administered 6g of a decaffeinated green coffee blend (NESCAFÉ Green Blend coffee; GB) or 540mg pure chlorogenic acids (CGA) or placebo in a double-blind acute cross-over design, with cognitive and mood assessments pre-dose, 40-mins and 120-mins post-dose. The primary outcome measure was accuracy in Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP). Secondary cognitive outcome measures included RVIP reaction time as well as Inspection time (IT), Jensen Box decision/reaction times, serial subtraction and N-Back working memory. Secondary mood measures included Bond-Lader …
Acute Effects Of Different Multivitamin Mineral Preparations With And Without Guaraná On Mood, Cognitive Performance And Functional Brain Activation, Andrew Scholey, Isabelle Bauer, Chris Neale, Karen Savage, David Camfield, David White, Silvia Maggini, Andrew Pipingas, Con Stough, Matthew Hughes
Acute Effects Of Different Multivitamin Mineral Preparations With And Without Guaraná On Mood, Cognitive Performance And Functional Brain Activation, Andrew Scholey, Isabelle Bauer, Chris Neale, Karen Savage, David Camfield, David White, Silvia Maggini, Andrew Pipingas, Con Stough, Matthew Hughes
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Previous work has identified the positive effects of the acute administration of a multivitamin-guaraná preparation during an effortful executive/working memory task. Here, we aimed to differentiate the effects of multivitamins with and without guaraná and to examine the neural substrates of such effects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, balanced crossover design, 20 participants (mean age 29 ± 5.54 years) consumed multivitamin preparations with or without guaraná (Berocca® Performance and Boost, respectively) and a placebo. Thirty minutes post-treatment, they underwent neurocognitive assessment, consisting of a 10 min Cognitive Demand Battery, with mood ratings taken immediately …