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Articles 1 - 30 of 320
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Auditory Free Classification Of Gender Diverse Speakers, Brandon Merritt, Tessa Bent, Rowan Kilgore, Cameron Eads
Auditory Free Classification Of Gender Diverse Speakers, Brandon Merritt, Tessa Bent, Rowan Kilgore, Cameron Eads
Departmental Papers (Speech)
Auditory attribution of speaker gender has historically been assumed to operate within a binary framework. The prevalence of gender diversity and its associated sociophonetic variability motivates an examination of how listeners perceptually represent these diverse voices. Utterances from 30 transgender (1 agender individual, 15 non-binary individuals, 7 transgender men, and 7 transgender women) and 30 cisgender (15 men and 15 women) speakers were used in an auditory free classification paradigm, in which cisgender listeners classified the speakers on perceived general similarity and gender identity. Multidimensional scaling of listeners’ classifications revealed twodimensional solutions as the best fit for general similarity classifications. …
Potential Interventions For Policy Support Targeting Justice Involved People With Mental Illness, Betel Alexis Hernandez
Potential Interventions For Policy Support Targeting Justice Involved People With Mental Illness, Betel Alexis Hernandez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Many people hold the misconception that people with mental illness are dangerous. Consequently, people with mental illness are often feared. This stigma is reinforced by the overrepresentation of people with mental illness in the criminal legal system. However, many people with mental illness struggle with the legal system due to ineffective policies making it difficult to adequately identify and treat this population within the legal system. The current studies aimed to understand public support of correctional policy aimed at people with mental illness, examine attitudinal factors that may be associated with this support, and test potential interventions for decreasing stigma …
A Psychometric Validation Of An Adapted Withdrawal Intolerance Scale For Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Sarah Nicole Najera
A Psychometric Validation Of An Adapted Withdrawal Intolerance Scale For Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Sarah Nicole Najera
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
While potentially life threatening, alcohol withdrawal is often under treated and inadequately integrated into the continuum of care for AUD. The current study served as part of a clinically impactful line of research by identifying key physical and psychological aspects of withdrawal. Using a measure previously developed for smoking cessation, a withdrawal intolerance measure was adapted (IDQ-A) and psychometrically validated. We aimed to establish construct validity of a three factor model of the IDQ-A, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as predictive validity. Those highly motivated to quit drinking and high in alcohol dependence were recruited via specialized social media …
The Disclosure Process Model And Formerly Justice Involved Juveniles: A Telephonic Audit Study, Morgan R. Wagner
The Disclosure Process Model And Formerly Justice Involved Juveniles: A Telephonic Audit Study, Morgan R. Wagner
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
In most cases, individuals with juvenile records are supposed to have that record sealed from public view upon meeting certain conditions, including turning 18. However, it is often unclear whether juvenile records (sealed or unsealed) should be disclosed on applications (e.g., job, college). This study used a phone call audit methodology to examine the hiring practices of Texas fast-food restaurants (n = 280) regarding juvenile records. Additionally, this study tested the Disclosure Process Model as a method of disclosing criminal records to prospective employers. Employers did not report differences in likelihood of considering an applicantsâ?? record between the gender of …
Exploring Aging Using The Selection, Optimization, And Compensation (Soc) Framework In Conjunction With Kinematic Gait And Verbal Fluency Task Analysis In Healthy Adults, Emily Ann Chavez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This multi-study dissertation examined dual-task performance in young and middle-aged adults using verbal fluency tasks (VFT) during different walking scenarios (baseline, performing a VFT, walking narrowly, and performing a VFT while walking narrowly) as well as the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model. Thirty adults (15 young adults (YA; 19-44 years) and 15 middle-aged adults (MA; 45-65 years) participated in this study. Overall, there were no significant differences between groups when data was examined in short (means of means approach) and long-form (incorporating all data), when analyzing clustering and switching strategies, gait speed variability, or dual-task costs. Overall, these three …
Under Pressure: A Daily Diary Study Of Online Social Influence And Youth Substance Use, Anna Dmitriyevna Ziencina
Under Pressure: A Daily Diary Study Of Online Social Influence And Youth Substance Use, Anna Dmitriyevna Ziencina
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Alcohol and marijuana are widely used by youths across the U.S. [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2023], and youthsâ?? use of such substances comes with a myriad of consequences (e.g., increased risk for long-term substance abuse; Griffin et al., 2019). Social influence is one process through which youths may develop positive attitudes towards substance use (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007), but there is a dearth of research on how such influence operates within the online environment. The present study sought to examine associations between daily social media use and youthsâ?? daily attitudes towards alcohol and marijuana useâ??as well …
The Power Of A Story: How Emotions And Numeracy Affect Parental Decisions About The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Candice Fawn Coffman
The Power Of A Story: How Emotions And Numeracy Affect Parental Decisions About The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Candice Fawn Coffman
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (CDC, 2021). There are two strains of HPV known for causing cervical, penile, anal, vaginal, and oropharynx (throat) cancers (CDC, 2020). A vaccine is available to prevent these cancer-causing strains of HPV for individuals between the ages of 9-45. Unfortunately, vaccination uptake and completion rates are below the recommended rates to achieve herd immunity. A primary barrier to vaccination is concern about potential adverse events following vaccination. The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of anecdotal versus statistical information on parents' intentions to vaccinate their …
Examining The Association Between Emotional Intelligence, Meaning In Life, Stress, And Burnout Among Preâ??Medical Students In The United States, Nayla Paulina Paulina Bejarano Chacon
Examining The Association Between Emotional Intelligence, Meaning In Life, Stress, And Burnout Among Preâ??Medical Students In The United States, Nayla Paulina Paulina Bejarano Chacon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Background and significance: The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has estimated that by 2034 there will be a physician shortage of around 124,000 physicians. With burnout being one of the main drivers, it is crucial to assess it. Burnout is characterized by high levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism and low levels of academic efficacy.There has been substantial research on burnout among healthcare providers across different levels of training; however, few studies have examined burnout among undergraduate students who wish to pursue a graduate degree in healthcare. Given the shortage of healthcare providers in the United States, it is …
The Relative Impact Of Anecdotal And Statistical Evidence On Covid-19 Vaccine Intentions., Kiran Misra
The Relative Impact Of Anecdotal And Statistical Evidence On Covid-19 Vaccine Intentions., Kiran Misra
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study investigated the relative impact of anecdotal and statistical safety evidence on the perceived likelihood of unvaccinated friends or relatives experiencing severe adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination. This study also investigated the relative impact of anecdotal and statistical evidence on an individualâ??s intention to encourage unvaccinated friends and relatives to talk with healthcare providers about COVID-19 vaccination. Three hundred and fifty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions. In each condition, I manipulated the presence of base rate evidence (present, absent) that supported the safety of COVID-19 vaccination; I also manipulated the presence of anecdotal evidence …
I Lie Awake, Pauline Juliet Ku
I Lie Awake, Pauline Juliet Ku
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Maggie Kim is a Korean American girl coming of age in Chicago and San Jose before moving to Pasadena, CA to study Biology at Caltech. Her struggles with her own sexuality, immediate family, growing up in an abusive church, traumatic memories and hallucinations and delusions make for a riveting read that validates her personal experience through trauma, stigma, and mental illness in the first-person point of view.
Assessing How Bilingual Experience Impacts Performance In Stimulus-Stimulus And Stimulus-Response Conflict Tasks, Christian Ruiz-Ortiz
Assessing How Bilingual Experience Impacts Performance In Stimulus-Stimulus And Stimulus-Response Conflict Tasks, Christian Ruiz-Ortiz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Numerous studies have revealed that bilingual individuals outperform monolinguals in tasks requiring executive control. However, the exact impact of bilingualism on executive functions remains unclear due to inconsistent findings in the literature. These discrepancies may stem from factors such as participant demographics, variations in definitions and operationalizations of bilingualism, and task selection. To address these issues, we investigated the link between degree of balance and contextual use with the ability to address conflict across sensory modalities (auditory and visual) at different stages of processing. Rather than focusing on mean performance, this study investigated performance stability (coefficient of variation) over time …
Do Spontaneous Trait Inferences Influence Behavioral Intentions?, Jessica Renee Bray
Do Spontaneous Trait Inferences Influence Behavioral Intentions?, Jessica Renee Bray
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Character traits are spontaneously inferred from observing peopleâ??s behavior. This inference process is called a spontaneous trait inference. Although spontaneous trait inference effects are robust and well replicated, little research has examined what perceivers do with the inferences they make. A pilot study and two experiments examined whether spontaneous trait inferences led to differences in two behavioral intentions: friending and aggression. The savings in relearning paradigm was used to measure spontaneous trait inferences. Participants were exposed to trait implying descriptions or neutral descriptions of targets. After a filler task, participants completed a social media friending questionnaire and a modified voodoo …
Demographic And Clinical Variables Associated With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Response In Depression: A Growth Mixture Modeling Study, John William Capps
Demographic And Clinical Variables Associated With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Response In Depression: A Growth Mixture Modeling Study, John William Capps
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Depression is a growing public health crisis impacting millions around the world. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive treatment for depression which has been FDA approved but the factors related to how well patients respond are still under investigation. The current study aimed to identify different treatment response patterns based on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores over the course of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment for depression and to identify the differences between these response classes on demographic and clinical variables. A total of 285 patients from a psychiatric clinic were included with a sizable number of Hispanics and …
Mechanisms Of False Memories In Bilinguals, Bianca Valentina Gurrola
Mechanisms Of False Memories In Bilinguals, Bianca Valentina Gurrola
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Research on false memory in bilinguals has discovered that false memories can transfer across languages and occur at a higher rate than for within-language false memories (Marmolejo et al., 2009). However, the exact conditions that cause the stronger between-language false memory effect are not clear, nor is it clear how language proficiency influences the production of false memories. The present study had three goals. First, we tested whether the stronger between- language false memory effect relative to the within-language effect would replicate. Second, we examined whether bilinguals could integrate information across languages to form false memories by implementing a mixed-language …
Epistemological Framing In Statistics Courses For Psychology Students, Carlos Manuel Vargas
Epistemological Framing In Statistics Courses For Psychology Students, Carlos Manuel Vargas
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
As psychology grows in popularity, most students select professions related to therapy, which constantly deem statistics courses as irrelevant and accentuate negative attitudes. This study explores perspectives of knowledge, also known as epistemological frames, that students enrolled in a psychology-based course in statistics generate and the extent to which these relate to attitudes. Research evidence the existence of productive and unproductive epistemological frames; the former involves automatic thought processes that require minimal effort or sense of voluntary control, while the latter prompts conscious learning efforts. This study follows an explanatory sequential design as it begins with a quantitative phase analyzing …
Dinstinction Between Prejudice And Stereotyping For Negative In-Group Attitudes, Manal Aboargob
Dinstinction Between Prejudice And Stereotyping For Negative In-Group Attitudes, Manal Aboargob
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
There are conflicting findings for disadvantaged group membersâ?? attitudes towards their group. Some studies suggest that disadvantaged groups have positive in-group attitudes, while other studies suggest they have negative in-group attitudes, or even outgroup favoritism. This may be in part due to the simultaneous measurement of stereotypic and prejudicial attitudes, and I suggest that studying their distinction might better explain the discrepancy found in the literature. Further, research has yet to look at how differences in personal attitudes versus perception of public attitudes is related to the differing results found in disadvantaged group attitudes. In the proposed study, it is …
Examining The Role Of Pretrial Detention On The Juvenile Plea Process, Isabelle May Clough
Examining The Role Of Pretrial Detention On The Juvenile Plea Process, Isabelle May Clough
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Plea bargains are a necessary part of the criminal justice system as a whole, and the juvenile justice system more specifically. However, juveniles may be at a particular disadvantage when entering into a plea bargain as a result of their developmental capacities. Pretrial detention in particular might influence the quality of the final plea agreement that a juvenile accepts, as adolescents would be motivated towards the short-term goal of being released from detention. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between juvenile pretrial detention and plea discounts through mediating relationships with number of attorneys and time to plea. Data …
The Effects Of Identity Conflict And Identity Salience On Job Satisfaction And Vocational Connectedness In Minority Law Enforcement Officers, Kityara James
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Law enforcement agencies are having trouble recruiting, hiring, and maintaining ethnic minority officers. Although the Department of Justice identified multiple issues minorities face while pursuing and engaging in the profession, there have been few efforts to determine the source of these problems and how to overcome them. In a stressful profession that doesn't historically align with being a minority, the difference between staying with that job or going to another one may lie in how connected to the job and how satisfied with that job minority law enforcement feel. The current study explores how ethno-racial and police identity salience and …
A Threat To Valid Guilty Pleas: The Impact Of Guilt Status, Acute Stress, And Plea Knowledge On Plea-Bargaining Decisions, Grace Hanzelin
A Threat To Valid Guilty Pleas: The Impact Of Guilt Status, Acute Stress, And Plea Knowledge On Plea-Bargaining Decisions, Grace Hanzelin
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The most common route through the US criminal justice system is through plea-bargaining, with over 95% of criminal cases ending in a guilty plea. Previous studies have found different factors (e.g., plea discounts; Wilford et al., 2021) that can increase the likelihood of a false guilty plea. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of guilt status on plea decisions, but also to see how guilt may work alongside acute stress and pre-existing knowledge of the plea process to drive plea-bargaining decisions. Participants (N = 188) were assigned to complete either a stressful or a non-stressful version of the …
The Development Of A Trauma-Informed Care Measure: Can Universal Precautions Address The Complexity Of Trauma?, Jennifer A. Castaneda
The Development Of A Trauma-Informed Care Measure: Can Universal Precautions Address The Complexity Of Trauma?, Jennifer A. Castaneda
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
A system that is trauma-informed, recognizes how interpersonal, community, and organizational systems contribute to health outcomes. Currently, research on TIC has been unable to translate basic scientific findings of trauma to research studies that evaluate the implementation of TIC. As such, the field is unable to offer valuable recommendations to implement TIC in different settings. The present study aimed to develop a measure of TIC to be used in medical settings. The resulting measure was revised through qualitative feedback from individuals who have experienced trauma and tested with an online convenient sample. The measure was re-evaluated with a second sample …
The Real Face Of Borderline Personality Organization Within Intimate Partner Violence, Adriana Isabel Patino
The Real Face Of Borderline Personality Organization Within Intimate Partner Violence, Adriana Isabel Patino
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study tests the relationship between IPV perpetration and victimization with BPO. Results indicate that, as predicted, BPO is positively associated with both IPV perpetration and victimization and is more prevalent in female perpetrators and victims than in male perpetrators and victims. However, contrary to what previous literature says, self-control does not show enough significance to state that it is one of the leading causes of IPV perpetrated by those who present traits of BPO. In addition, results also indicate that having suffered from physical abuse during childhood diminishes the probability of perpetrating IPV. To fully understand these results, future …
Self Stigma Of Seeking Psychological Help As A Predictor Of College Students' Alcohol Use And Consequences During Covid-19, Aitiana Ivonne Sanchez
Self Stigma Of Seeking Psychological Help As A Predictor Of College Students' Alcohol Use And Consequences During Covid-19, Aitiana Ivonne Sanchez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
COVID-19 has caused continuous depression, anxiety, and stress, in addition to the already increased symptoms of mental illness typically seen among college students. While diagnosed mental illness is common among college aged individuals, college students frequently experience undiagnosed symptoms of mental illness as well. Additionally, college students typically do not disclose any information regarding experiencing symptoms of mental illness and thus do not receive proper treatment for these undiagnosed disorders. There are numerous reasons students choose not to disclose having a mental illness; however, stigma surrounding mental illness and seeking psychological help stands as the most prominent reason. Untreated mental …
Sources Of Top-Down Processing In Recognition Of Repeated Speech In Noise, Liam Gleason
Sources Of Top-Down Processing In Recognition Of Repeated Speech In Noise, Liam Gleason
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Prior research has shown that repetition facilitates speech recognition in difficult listening environments, as indicated by more accurate reporting and lower subjective noise ratings. Both effects were found even when sentences were read at encoding, suggesting that the top-down processing involved comes from a modality-general level of representation (Gleason & Francis, 2021). We investigated whether this top-down processing comes from the semantic or lemma level of language representation. Bilingual participants listened to sentences in English and Spanish. At test, these sentences and new sentences were presented auditorily in English with background noise. After listening to each sentence, participants reported the …
Predictive Utility Of The El Paso Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument - Revised (Eppra-R), Chelsea Sierra Queen
Predictive Utility Of The El Paso Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument - Revised (Eppra-R), Chelsea Sierra Queen
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Pretrial risk assessments are used to divert defendants from pretrial detention by estimating risk of pretrial specific outcomes (i.e., failure to appear, rearrest). Ongoing validation of this tool is recommended to assess accuracy and ensure that there is no bias against specific subgroups (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, or age) of defendants. The present study evaluates the utility of a locally developed instrument in El Paso County - a predominantly Latinx county. Area Under the Curve (AUC) Receiving Operator Condition (ROC) analyses indicate statistically â??fairâ?? predictive utility for the tool. Binary logistic regression models suggest no evidence of bias. This study will …
Who Said What To Whom?: Contextual Memory Processes In Bilinguals, Naoko Tsuboi
Who Said What To Whom?: Contextual Memory Processes In Bilinguals, Naoko Tsuboi
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Source memory is memory for sources of information (who gave the information), whereas destination memory is memory for destinations of information (to whom the information was given). Prior literature found that source memory exceeded destination memory, and destination memory was impaired remarkably under high cognitive demand tasks. These findings supported the attention hypothesis, the idea that greater attentional resource availability leads to better source and destination memory. The current study extended prior source and destination research to bilingualism because bilinguals are thought to have a greater attention control ability than monolinguals. In the only published study to compare bilingual and …
Mental Illness Labeling In Justice-Involved People, Elena Therese Vaudreuil
Mental Illness Labeling In Justice-Involved People, Elena Therese Vaudreuil
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
While it cannot be denied that there is a strong correlational relationship between justice-involvement and mental illness, research has demonstrated that severe mental illness is rarely the direct cause of criminal activity. However, stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness are often rooted in incorrect generalizations regarding the link between mental illness and unpredictable, dangerous behavior, which can be magnified by labels (e.g., "schizophrenic" or "criminal"). This reduction of a person to a label results in a number of negative outcomes, ranging from the prejudice and inequitable treatment one may experience from groups such as justice workers, police, and employers …
Violent Radicalization In Support For Right-Wing Authoritarian Leaders, Collective Action For White Nationalism, And Voting Restrictions, Angel D. Armenta
Violent Radicalization In Support For Right-Wing Authoritarian Leaders, Collective Action For White Nationalism, And Voting Restrictions, Angel D. Armenta
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Framing cultural and demographic change as abrupt or continuous is theorized to respectively worsen and reduce intergroup hostility (e.g., anti-immigrant policy endorsement, prejudice, discrimination). Psychological anchors and propellors are theorized to respectively exacerbate and lessen negative reactions toward cultural and demographic change. Two experiments applied the Cultural Inertia Model to 1) identify methods through which majority groups attempt to maintain the status quo as a function of demographic change (i.e., support toward right-wing authoritarian leaders, collective action for White nationalism, and voting restrictions), 2) identify who is more likely (i.e., high levels of national nostalgia) or less likely (i.e., high …
Trauma And Resilience Among Migrant Children From Mexico And The Northern Triangle Eroute To The United States, Georgina Sanchez-Garcia
Trauma And Resilience Among Migrant Children From Mexico And The Northern Triangle Eroute To The United States, Georgina Sanchez-Garcia
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Children who experience the phenomenon of migration from the Northern Triangle region and Mexico en route to the United States face pressing problems with psychosocial consequences that ostensibly affect them and are reflected in the violation of their human rights. We studied trauma and resilience among migrant children from Mexico and the Northern Triangle nations â??Guatemala, El Salvador, and Hondurasâ?? who are uprooted from their communities to undertake the dangerous overland journey to the United States (Lusk & Sanchez-Garcia, 2021; Rodriguez, 2020; UNICEF, 2018). The experience of such migration for children can be fraught with hardship, and it may have …
Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Fluoxetine Exposure On Autophagy Induction And Phosphorylated Tau In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex Of Male Mice, Minerva Rodriguez
Long-Term Effects Of Juvenile Fluoxetine Exposure On Autophagy Induction And Phosphorylated Tau In The Hippocampus And Prefrontal Cortex Of Male Mice, Minerva Rodriguez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Fluoxetine (FLX) represents the antidepressant of choice for the management of pediatric mood-related illnesses. Accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that ontogenic FLX exposure leads to deregulated affect-related phenotypes in adulthood. Mood-related symptomatology constitutes a risk-factor for various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), making it possible for juvenile FLX history to exacerbate the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Because AD is characterized by the pathological accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau - which can result from impaired function of protein degradation pathways, such as autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), this thesis evaluated the potential long-term effects of adolescent FLX exposure on these pathways, …
So I Was, 'Like', Totally Buggin’ – Evidence For The Role Of Attention On Entrainment From Discourse Particles, Rachel L. Williams
So I Was, 'Like', Totally Buggin’ – Evidence For The Role Of Attention On Entrainment From Discourse Particles, Rachel L. Williams
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
In this study, we investigated the role of attention for entrainment during production and comprehension using the discourse particle like. We tested two main hypotheses – that entrainment to discourse particles, even if relatively implicit, requires some attentional resources, versus that it requires little (if any) attention. In two experiments, participants read a short story and retold it (baseline retelling phase), then read another short story and listened to a recording of it (priming phase), and then read and retold a third story (target retelling phase). In Experiment 1, half of the participants simultaneously navigated a busy pedestrian zone in …