Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Massachusetts Amherst

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
File Type

Articles 541 - 570 of 845

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Wage Inequality And Skill Asymmetries, Peter Skott, Paul Auerbach Jul 2003

Wage Inequality And Skill Asymmetries, Peter Skott, Paul Auerbach

Peter Skott

Using a simple model with two levels of skill, we assume that high skill workers who fail to get high skill jobs may accept low skill positions; low skill workers do not have the analogous option of filling high skill position. This asymmetry implies that an adverse, skill neutral shock to aggregate employment may cause an increase in wage inequality, both between and within skill categories, as well as an increase in unemployment, especially among low skill workers. Movements in productivity, unemployment and inequality may thus be linked to induced overeducation and credentialism.

Go to article

The Neoliberal Paradox: The Impact Of Destructive Product Market Competition And Impatient Finance On Nonfinancial Corporations In The Neoliberal Era, James Crotty Jul 2003

The Neoliberal Paradox: The Impact Of Destructive Product Market Competition And Impatient Finance On Nonfinancial Corporations In The Neoliberal Era, James Crotty

James Crotty

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Measuring The Effectiveness Of Downtown Revitalization Strategies, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval Jun 2003

Measuring The Effectiveness Of Downtown Revitalization Strategies, John Mullin, Zenia Kotval

John R. Mullin

Downtowns, the traditional business centers of our communities, have survived many changes throughout the last century. Once thriving retail and civic centers, they were adversely affected by changes in mobility, retail patterns and shopping habits. Since the 1960's downtowns have seen serious competition from suburban shopping centers, malls, strip commercial areas, major discount centers and on-line and catalogue sales. Despite these changes, downtowns still play a central role in our cities today. They are the centers of our urbanized areas and still reflect the economic core and image of our cities. A healthy downtown is often synonymous with a healthy …

Go to article

Food Safety: What Is Economists’ Value Added?, Julie Caswell Jun 2003

Food Safety: What Is Economists’ Value Added?, Julie Caswell

Julie Caswell

Economists are contributing to the food safety arena by analyzing demand for food safety, the consumer level benefits of improved food safety, the costs and benefits to companies from quality assurance for food safety, and the benefits and costs of government regulations aimed at improving food safety. In the food safety area, too much attention has been paid to risk assessment and not enough to risk management. Economists have a very important role to play in improving private and public risk management in areas such as pathogen reduction, use of traceability, and biotechnology.

Go to article

Balantak Metathesis And Theories Of Possible Repair In Optimality Theory, Joe Pater Mar 2003

Balantak Metathesis And Theories Of Possible Repair In Optimality Theory, Joe Pater

Joe Pater

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Do Public Expendintures Improve Child Outcomes In The U.S.: A Comparison Across Fifty States, Nancy Folbre, Kristen Harknett, Irwin Garfinkel, Jay Bainbridge, Timothy Smeeding Mar 2003

Do Public Expendintures Improve Child Outcomes In The U.S.: A Comparison Across Fifty States, Nancy Folbre, Kristen Harknett, Irwin Garfinkel, Jay Bainbridge, Timothy Smeeding

Nancy Folbre

Our paper utilizes variation across the fifty U.S. states to examine the relationship between public expenditures on children and child outcomes. We find that public expenditures on children are related to better child outcomes across a wide range of indicators including measures of child mortality, elementary-school test scores, and adolescent behavioral outcomes. States that spend more on children have better child outcomes even after taking into account potential confounding influences. Our results are robust to numerous variations in model specifications and to the inclusion of proxies for unobserved characteristics of states. Our sensitivity analyses suggest that the results we present …

Go to article

Constraint ConIct In Cluster Reduction, Joe Pater Jan 2003

Constraint ConIct In Cluster Reduction, Joe Pater

Joe Pater

When children reduce onset clusters to singletons, a common pattern is for the least sonorous member of the adult cluster to be produced. Within OPTIMALITYTHEORY (Prince & Smolensky, 1993), this pattern has been accounted for in terms of a fixed ranking of onset constraints that evaluate a segment’s degree of sonority, whereby onset glides violate the highest ranked constraint, and onset stops the lowest. Not all children follow the sonority pattern, however. In this paper, we apply two fundamental principles of optimality theory to yield predictions about other children’s cluster reduction patterns. The first principle is that of FACTORIAL TYPOLOGY, …

Go to article

Phoneme, John J. Mccarthy Jan 2003

Phoneme, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Metrical Phonology, John J. Mccarthy, Bruce Hayes Jan 2003

Metrical Phonology, John J. Mccarthy, Bruce Hayes

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Phonology, John J. Mccarthy Jan 2003

Phonology, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Phonological Processes: Assimilation, John J. Mccarthy, Norval Smith Jan 2003

Phonological Processes: Assimilation, John J. Mccarthy, Norval Smith

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Sympathy, Cumulativity, And The Duke-Of-York Gambit, John J. Mccarthy Jan 2003

Sympathy, Cumulativity, And The Duke-Of-York Gambit, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

The Duke-of-York gambit (Pullum 1976) involves derivations of the form A->B->A, where underlying /A/ passes through an intermediate stage B before returning to A at the surface. Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) has significant implications for the Duke of York gambit. Furthermore, attested and unattested Duke-of-York cases have implications for the analysis of opacity in Optimality Theory using sympathy (McCarthy 1998, to appear). A key idea pursued in this paper is that derivations must be cumulative, and a measure of cumulativity is incorporated into sympathy theory.

Go to article

What Does Comparative Markedness Explain, What Should It Explain, And How?, John J. Mccarthy Jan 2003

What Does Comparative Markedness Explain, What Should It Explain, And How?, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

These seven commentaries treat a wide range of topics in interesting and insightful ways. It is not possible to write a coherent response that addresses all of the criticisms and suggestions, large and small, that the authors have brought up. Several main themes emerge, however, that transcend the individual commentaries, and these themes supply the structure for this reply. They include alternatives to comparative markedness, possible counterexamples, comparative markedness on other dimensions of correspondence, and questions about the authenticity of opaque phonological processes. These themes will each be addressed in turn.

Go to article

Optimality Theory: An Overview, John J. Mccarthy Jan 2003

Optimality Theory: An Overview, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Ot Constraints Are Categorical, John J. Mccarthy Jan 2003

Ot Constraints Are Categorical, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

In Optimality Theory, constraints come in two types, which are distinguished by their mode of evaluation. Categorical constraints are either satisfied or not; a categorical constraint assigns no more than one violation-mark, unless there are several violating structures in the form under evaluation. Gradient constraints evaluate extent of deviation; they can assign multiple marks even when there is just a single instance of the non-conforming structure. This article proposes a restrictive definition of what an OT constraint is, from which it follows that all constraints must be categorical. The various gradient constraints that have been proposed are examined, and it …

Go to article

Interview With Joel Halpern [Regarding Fieldwork In Serbia] Conducted By Mirjana Prošić-Dvornić, Joel Halpern Jan 2003

Interview With Joel Halpern [Regarding Fieldwork In Serbia] Conducted By Mirjana Prošić-Dvornić, Joel Halpern

Joel M. Halpern

Interview with Joel M. Halpern conducted by Mirjana Prošić-Dvornić October 2003 to April 2004 (Revised in April 2007)

Go to article

Reflections On Jozef Obrebski’S Work In Macedonia From The Perspective Of American Anthropology, Joel Halpern Jan 2003

Reflections On Jozef Obrebski’S Work In Macedonia From The Perspective Of American Anthropology, Joel Halpern

Joel M. Halpern

This article deals with the difficulties encountered by Jozef Obrebski when he immigrated from Poland after World War II. He went first to England where he gave a series of lectures at Oxford University. Then he went to Jamaica under a contract sponsored by the British Colonial Office. Subsequently he moved to New York City where he obtained a job working at the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations. He ended his career at C .W. Post College, a small undergraduate institution near New York City. This article documents how he failed to make a career in the United States. …

Go to article

Letters From Macedonia, Joel M. Halpern, Barbara Kerewsky-Halpern Jan 2003

Letters From Macedonia, Joel M. Halpern, Barbara Kerewsky-Halpern

Joel M. Halpern

Field notes that Joel M. Halpern and Barbara Kerewski - Halpern have made during their field research and trips in Macedonian in the ’50ties of the XX century are published. Today they are accompanied by their comments, as well as photographs that illustrate their interest and the time in which they worked.

Go to article

Review Of "Trends In Ethnic Identification Among Second-Generation Haitian Immigrants In New York City", Benjamin Bailey Jan 2003

Review Of "Trends In Ethnic Identification Among Second-Generation Haitian Immigrants In New York City", Benjamin Bailey

Benjamin Bailey

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Green Carnivores, Mad Cows And Gene Tech: The Politics Of Food In Hungarian Environmentalism, Krista Harper Jan 2003

Green Carnivores, Mad Cows And Gene Tech: The Politics Of Food In Hungarian Environmentalism, Krista Harper

Krista M. Harper

Anthropologists and sociologists, from Levi-Strauss to Bourdieu, have observed that consuming food is a profoundly social act through which people express relationships and perform concepts of social order. Historically, food has provided a rich political symbol and rallying point, from the Boston Tea Party to the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 in colonial India, when Muslim and Hindu troops rebelled against their British officers upon learning that their rifle cartridges were greased with suet and lard -- foods considered impure according to religious dietary taboos. Food features in Eastern Europe’s history of political conflict; for example, the December 1980 Solidarity strikes …

Go to article

Mapping Political Violence In A Globalized World: The Case Of Hindu Nationalism, Sangeeta Kamat, Biju Mathew Jan 2003

Mapping Political Violence In A Globalized World: The Case Of Hindu Nationalism, Sangeeta Kamat, Biju Mathew

Sangeeta G. Kamat

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Improv At The Supreme Court, John Brigham Jan 2003

Improv At The Supreme Court, John Brigham

John Brigham

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Aehs: Contaminated Soil Sediment & Water (January/February 2003) Jan 2003

Aehs: Contaminated Soil Sediment & Water (January/February 2003)

Paul T. Kostecki

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Information, Institutions And Governance: Advancing A Basic Social Science Research Program For Digital Government, Jane E. Fountain Jan 2003

Information, Institutions And Governance: Advancing A Basic Social Science Research Program For Digital Government, Jane E. Fountain

Jane E. Fountain

Throughout the globe, the sweep of information and communication technologies offers unprecedented opportunities for the advancement of governance and society. But information and communication technologies alone are inadequate to foster such benefits. An important, time-sensitive opportunity exists to make a major difference in the development of digital governance and society globally. An applied, rigorous research agenda would clarify for policymakers and the research community the costs and benefits of alternative future visions and paths. A solid research agenda, built through a global network of researchers, possesses the potential to forecast likely positive results and negative outcomes before government actions are …

Go to article

Distributional Consequences Of Neutral Shocks To Economic Activity In A Model With Efficiency Wages And Overeducation, Peter Skott Jan 2003

Distributional Consequences Of Neutral Shocks To Economic Activity In A Model With Efficiency Wages And Overeducation, Peter Skott

Peter Skott

This paper shows that the existence and persistence of `overeducation' can be explained by a simple extension of the efficiency wage model. When calibrated to fit the amounts of overeducation found in most empirical studies, the model implies that both the relative wage and the relative employment rate of high-skill workers will depend inversely on the aggregate level of activity. The model may help explain the patterns of rising wage inequality that have been observed in many countries since the early 1970s.

Go to article

The Importance Of Setting The Agenda, Peter Skott, Manfred Holler Jan 2003

The Importance Of Setting The Agenda, Peter Skott, Manfred Holler

Peter Skott

Framing effects and bounded rationality imply that election campaigns may be an important determinant of election outcomes. This paper uses a two-party setting and simple game theoretic models to analyse the strategic interaction between the parties' campaign decisions. Alternations of power emerge naturally, even if both electoral preferences and party positions remain constant

Go to article

Additionality Of Debt Relief And Debt Forgiveness, And Implications For Future Volumes Of Official Assistance, Léonce Ndikumana Oct 2002

Additionality Of Debt Relief And Debt Forgiveness, And Implications For Future Volumes Of Official Assistance, Léonce Ndikumana

Léonce Ndikumana

This paper examines the impact of debt forgiveness and debt relief on official development assistance. From the recipient side, the econometric analysis suggests that countries that received debt relief also received more aid compared to those that did not qualify for debt relief. From the donor side, while the data indicate a decline in aid disbursement since the early 1990s, there is no econometric evidence for any direct causal relationship between the decline in aid and debt relief/forgiveness. Nonetheless, the decline in aid raises serious concerns given that developing countries’ need in external resources cannot be met by debt relief …

Go to article

A Model System For Study Of Sex Chromosome Effects On Sexually Dimorphic Neural And Behavioral Traits, Geert De Vries, E. F. Rissman, R. B. Simerly, Y. L. Yang, E. M. Scordalakes, C. J. Auger, A. Swain, R. Lovell-Badge, P. S. Burgoyne, A. P. Arnold Oct 2002

A Model System For Study Of Sex Chromosome Effects On Sexually Dimorphic Neural And Behavioral Traits, Geert De Vries, E. F. Rissman, R. B. Simerly, Y. L. Yang, E. M. Scordalakes, C. J. Auger, A. Swain, R. Lovell-Badge, P. S. Burgoyne, A. P. Arnold

Geert De Vries

We tested the hypothesis that genes encoded on the sex chromosomes play a direct role in sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. We used mice in which the testis-determining gene (Sry) was moved from the Y chromosome to an autosome (by deletion ofSry from the Y and subsequent insertion of anSry transgene onto an autosome), so that the determination of testis development occurred independently of the complement of X or Y chromosomes. We compared XX and XY mice with ovaries (females) and XX and XY mice with testes (males). These comparisons allowed us to assess the effect of sex chromosome …

Go to article

Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region - Development Of Regional Measurement Methods, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis Jun 2002

Defining The Pattern Of The Sustainable Urban Region - Development Of Regional Measurement Methods, Elizabeth Brabec, Geoffrey Mcd. Lewis

Elizabeth Brabec

To date, the debate on the sustainability of human settlements has focused on the urban portion of the land use pattern. Since urban areas rely on suburban, rural, and other less densely settled areas for their existence, these areas must be included in any sustainability assessment. This need for a regional view has resulted in a typology of regional form, which allows comparisons of relative sustainability between various regional land use patterns. Based on resource efficiency, this regional analysis includes measurements related to water, agricultural land, habitat, energy use, and transportation and identifies primary indicators for each category. Existing methods …

Go to article

Selling Canada To Canadians: Collective Memory, National Identity, And Popular Culture, Emily West Jun 2002

Selling Canada To Canadians: Collective Memory, National Identity, And Popular Culture, Emily West

Emily E. West

Two media endeavours, the Heritage Minutes and the CBC documentary Canada: A People’s History, hope to serve as a corrective to Canadians’ lack of interest in their history and to bolster national identity. However, the producers do not want to appear propagandistic in a country where there is conflict about what the shape of the nation should be. They accomplish this by appealing to the “on the spot” authority of journalistic representation and the emotional immediacy of dramatic story-telling. They also emphasize the multi-cultural and multi-perspectival nature of Canada’s past. However, ultimately these efforts exist within a larger narrative about …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last