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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Contribution Of Cattellian Personality Instruments, Gregory J. Boyle, Keith Barton
Contribution Of Cattellian Personality Instruments, Gregory J. Boyle, Keith Barton
Gregory J. Boyle
Extract:
Raymond B. Cattell, PhD, DSc (London) was ranked among the top ten most highly cited psychologists of the twentieth century (along with Freud, Piaget, Eysenck, and Skinner), as indexed in the peer-reviewed psychological journal literature (Haggbloom et. al., 2002:142). Over the span of more than half a century, Cattell undertook an extensive programmatic series of empirical research studies into the taxonomy of psychological structure (across the domains of intellectual abilities, normal and abnormal personality traits, dynamic (motivation) traits, and transitory mood states).
Simplifying The Cattellian Psychometric Model, Gregory J. Boyle
Simplifying The Cattellian Psychometric Model, Gregory J. Boyle
Gregory J. Boyle
Extract:
This chapter concerns the scientific analysis of individual differences in human psychological functioning including personality structure, undertaken by the author over a 30-year period (Boyle, 2006b).
Schizotypal Personality Models, Melissa J. Green, Gregory J. Boyle, Adrian Raine
Schizotypal Personality Models, Melissa J. Green, Gregory J. Boyle, Adrian Raine
Gregory J. Boyle
Extract:
This chapter will provide an outline of the historical development of the schizotypy construct, highlighting subtle theoretical differences in its conceptualisation, and related issues of measurement, factor structure, and the association with other dimensions of personality. The development of schizotypal personality models and their relationship with clinical disorders will be discussed in light of several decades of research in neurocognition, psychophysiology, and psychosocial risk factors, from which the current conceptualisation of schizotypy within a biosocial neurodevelopmental framework has emerged.
Critique Of The Five-Factor Model Of Personality, Gregory J. Boyle
Critique Of The Five-Factor Model Of Personality, Gregory J. Boyle
Gregory J. Boyle
Extract:
Contemporary personality research generally adopts an interactionist model, whereby traits and situationally sensitive states interact in influencing behavioural outcomes. However, some support for the casual nature of the Big Five has been forthcoming (Paunonen and Ashton, 2001). For example, it has been argued that individuals vary on each of these five trait dimensions in line with a normal curve distribution and that the factors are at least partially genetically predetermined (Jang, et. al., 2002, Loehlin et. al., 1998).
Personality Measurement And Testing: An Overview, Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H. Saklofske
Personality Measurement And Testing: An Overview, Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H. Saklofske
Gregory J. Boyle
Extract:
Technically, there are very few actual 'tests' of personality- the Objective-Analytical Battery being an exception. Most so-called 'tests' of personality are in fact, self-report scales or rating scales based on reports of others. Such scales quantify subjective introspections, or subjective impressions of others' personality make-up. At the same time, it is a relevant question and one that we will continue to face in the study of personality and the application of the findings, including assessment of personality, within psychological practice areas such as clinical and school psychology, and within settings such as the military, business and sports psychology, among …
Personality Theories And Models: An Overview, Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H. Saklofske
Personality Theories And Models: An Overview, Gregory J. Boyle, Gerald Matthews, Donald H. Saklofske
Gregory J. Boyle
Extract:
The thesis of these volumes is that the study of personality traits has advanced towards 'normal science' in the sense of a Kuhnian paradigm (cf. Eysenck, 1981; Kuhn, 1962). That is, most researchers in this area share a set of common core beliefs supported by empirical evidence. These include the relative stability of traits over time, a significant genetic and biological influence on personality, and relevance of traits to many areas of everyday life.
Lisrel Analyses Of The Riasec Model: Confirmatory And Congeneric Factor Analyses Of Holland's Self-Directed Search, Gregory J. Boyle, Sergio Fabris
Lisrel Analyses Of The Riasec Model: Confirmatory And Congeneric Factor Analyses Of Holland's Self-Directed Search, Gregory J. Boyle, Sergio Fabris
Gregory J. Boyle
A sample of 401 apprentice plumbers was administered the Australian version of Holland's [(1977) Self-Directed Search: A guide to educational and vocational planning. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press] Self-Directed Search (SDS), in an investigation of the construct validity of the multidimensional interest inventory. Both exploratory (iterative principal factoring with oblique simple structure rotation), as well as LISREL confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), provided only partial support for the six-factor RIASEC typological model on which the SDS instrument was structured. Indeed, only one RIASEC factor (Artistic) was supported unequivocally from the exploratory factor analysis while the CFA statistics indicated a poor …
Factor Structure Of The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (Mdq): Exploratory And Lisrel Analyses, Gregory J. Boyle
Factor Structure Of The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (Mdq): Exploratory And Lisrel Analyses, Gregory J. Boyle
Gregory J. Boyle
The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) is the most frequently used self-report instrument for measuring menstrual cycle symptomatology. However, its internal structure has been criticized. In a review of the psychometric properties of the MDQ (covering more than 50 studies from 1968 onwards), Spalding and Oei concluded that "the MDQ appears to measure constructs unrelated to the menstrual cycle, [that] its definition of the premenstrual syndrome may be inaccurate and the factor structure of this instrument may be unreliable." In order to clarify the structural dimensionality of the MDQ, exploratory, congeneric and confirmatory factor analyses of the MDQ item intercorrelations were …
Multidimensional Scaling Of The Eight State Questionnaire And The Differential Emotions Scale, Gregory J. Boyle, Ilana Katz
Multidimensional Scaling Of The Eight State Questionnaire And The Differential Emotions Scale, Gregory J. Boyle, Ilana Katz
Gregory J. Boyle
While the interrelationships between multivariate measures of mood states have been analysed using various statistical procedures including exploratory factor analysis, discriminant function analysis, multiple regression analysis, and canonical-redundancy analysis, the techniques of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) however, have been used less extensively in psychometric research. MDS provides a readily interpretable representation of empirical relationships between different sets of data. The present study attempted to replicate Boyle's (1986a; Psychological Reports, 59, 503–510) factor analytic findings on two self-report multidimensional mood-state measures, namely the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ), and the Differential Emotions Scale (DES-IV), to demonstrate the utility of MDS to uncover the …
Item Analysis Of The Subscales In The Eight State Questionnaire (8sq): Exploratory And Confirmatory Factor Analyses., Gregory J. Boyle
Item Analysis Of The Subscales In The Eight State Questionnaire (8sq): Exploratory And Confirmatory Factor Analyses., Gregory J. Boyle
Gregory J. Boyle
The Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ) is a comprehensive self-report inventory which has been used in numerous studies of multidimensional mood states. The 8SQ has been useful in clinical situations for evaluating the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions, as well as in other contexts. The instrument takes about 20-25 minutes to administer, thereby enhancing its usefulness as a quick measure of transitory, constantly fluctuating mood states. Nevertheless, examination of the congeneric factor structure of the 8SQ subscales suggests that a number of the items are complex, contributing significantly to more than one subscale dimension. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have …
Sex-Role Identity And Mental Ability, Gregory J. Boyle, Michael E. Bernard, Beverly F. Jackling
Sex-Role Identity And Mental Ability, Gregory J. Boyle, Michael E. Bernard, Beverly F. Jackling
Gregory J. Boyle
The central concern of this study was to explore the relationship between sex-role identity (measured by a bi-dimensional scale of masculinity and femininity) and field independence and scholastic intelligence. One hundred and forty Australian males and 181 females in grades 11 and 12 completed the Witkin Group Embedded Figures Test, the Otis Higher Test C of intelligence and a shortened version of the Bem Sex Role Identity Questionnaire. The correlation between performance on the Witkins and Otis was 0.53. Males performed significantly better on the Witkin and Otis than females. Males with lower masculinity scores scored better on the Otis …
Personality Characteristics Of Direct-Service Personnel In Community Residential Units, Gregory J. Boyle, Peter G. Comer
Personality Characteristics Of Direct-Service Personnel In Community Residential Units, Gregory J. Boyle, Peter G. Comer
Gregory J. Boyle
This study examined the personality profile of direct service personnel employed in community residential units for the intellectually disabled. Comprehensive assessment of both the normal and abnormal personality trait domains was carried out for a sample of 110 employees, using the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ), a psychometric instrument which provides extensive coverage of the adult personality sphere. Mean CAQ scores for the sample implied a generally satisfactory level of emotional adjustment. Overall, direct service personnel exhibited a non-aberrant profile of personality trait scores across both the normal and abnormal CAQ factors. There was a notable lack of psychopathology. Only the …
Commentary: The Role Of Intrapersonal Psychological Variables In Academic School Learning, Gregory J. Boyle
Commentary: The Role Of Intrapersonal Psychological Variables In Academic School Learning, Gregory J. Boyle
Gregory J. Boyle
Intellectual abilities may contribute up to 25% of the variance in measures of academic school learning. However, the role of intrapersonal variables other than cognitive ability (personality traits, motivational dynamic factors, transitory emotional states) has usually been considered as fairly trivial. Past research, to the contrary, suggests that under stressful conditions, the relative contribution of such intrapersonal factors may even become predominant in influencing achievement. When analyses are based on change scores rather than single-occasion measures (which include trait contamination variance), the influence of emotional states on learning is shown to be very significant indeed.
Higher-Order Factors In The Differential Emotions Scale (Des-Iii), Gregory J. Boyle
Higher-Order Factors In The Differential Emotions Scale (Des-Iii), Gregory J. Boyle
Gregory J. Boyle
The 30-item version of Izard's Differential Emotions Scale (DES-III) was submitted to an iterative principal factoring plus oblique (direct Oblimin) rotation to simple structure, on a sample of 204 University of Delaware undergraduates. The intercorrelation matrix for the eight primary emotional-state factors derived, was subsequently subjected to a higher-order factoring. Four second-order factors accounted readily for the variance measured in the DES-III scales and this suggests that the multivariate mood-state instrument might be more profitably scored for secondary factors, in certain instances. This conclusion in no way detracts from the importance of the DES-III primaries, but adds to the usefulness …
The Paramenstruum And Negative Moods In Normal Young Women, Gregory J. Boyle
The Paramenstruum And Negative Moods In Normal Young Women, Gregory J. Boyle
Gregory J. Boyle
The present study investigated the effects of depressogenic statements on 154 normal young women, in relation to the late luteal phase of the female monthly cycle (paramenstruum). The women were allocated to a depressive-induction group or to either of two non-treatment groups. Multivariate ANOVAs indicated that paramenstrual women given the depressogenic statements reported more negative post-induction mood states than did other women. Four of the 12 mood states measured by the Differential Emotions Scale (DES-IV) were significantly elevated for the paramenstrual women in the depressive-induction group only (viz. Sadness, Hostility, Fear and Shame subscales). It was concluded that paramenstrual women …