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Political Theory

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Articles 1 - 30 of 313

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Political Theory Of Kulturkampf: Evidence From Imperial Prussia & Republican Turkey, Ioannis N. Grigoriadis, Theocharis Grigoriadis Jan 2018

A Political Theory Of Kulturkampf: Evidence From Imperial Prussia & Republican Turkey, Ioannis N. Grigoriadis, Theocharis Grigoriadis

Theocharis Grigoriadis

No abstract provided.


Religion, Administration & Public Goods: Experimental Evidence From Russia, Theocharis N. Grigoriadis Jan 2017

Religion, Administration & Public Goods: Experimental Evidence From Russia, Theocharis N. Grigoriadis

Theocharis Grigoriadis

In this paper, I argue that religion matters for the provision of public goods. I identify three normative foundations of Eastern Orthodox monasticism with strong economic implications: 1. solidarity, 2. obedience, and 3. universal discipline. I propose and solve a public goods game with a three-tier hierarchy, where these norms are modeled as treatments. Obedience and universal discipline facilitate the provision of threshold public goods in equilibrium, whereas solidarity does not. Empirical evidence is drawn from public goods experiments run with regional bureaucrats in Tomsk and Novosibirsk, Russia. The introduction of the same three norms as experimental treatments produces different …


Religious Origins Of Democracy & Dictatorship, Theocharis Grigoriadis Jan 2016

Religious Origins Of Democracy & Dictatorship, Theocharis Grigoriadis

Theocharis Grigoriadis

Weber considered the Protestant work ethic the foundation of modern capitalism. I extend Weber’s theory by arguing that states with predominantly Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Muslim populations have had a stronger inclination toward underdevelopment and dictatorship than states with Protestant or Jewish majorities. This is the case because their respective religious collectives (monastery, tariqa) promote the hierarchical provision of common goods at the expense of market incentives. I define the aforementioned three religions as collectivist, in contrast to Protestantism and Judaism, which I define as individualist. I provide a historical overview that designates the Jewish kibbutz as the collective …


La Oposición Política: Notas Para Una Discusión Teórica, Fernando Barrientos Del Monte Dec 2015

La Oposición Política: Notas Para Una Discusión Teórica, Fernando Barrientos Del Monte

Fernando Barrientos Del Monte

La oposición es un rol que en las democracias desempeñan, por lo general, los partidos políticos. Su importancia radica en que son el factor de control de los gobiernos en turno y la alternativa a la formación de nuevos gobiernos. Pero la oposición adquiere connotaciones más amplias en función de la posición que determinados grupos políticos asuman frente al sistema político. En este texto se esboza un modelo analítico para distinguir los tipos de oposición en los sistemas políticos con especial atención en las democracias occidentales.


Chapter 4 (Draft): John Locke And The Hobbesian Hypothesis: How A Very Similar Colonial Prejudice Found Its Way Into The Natural Rights Justification Of Private Property, Karl Widerquist, Grant Mccall Oct 2015

Chapter 4 (Draft): John Locke And The Hobbesian Hypothesis: How A Very Similar Colonial Prejudice Found Its Way Into The Natural Rights Justification Of Private Property, Karl Widerquist, Grant Mccall

Karl Widerquist

This chapter is a preliminary draft of Chapter 4 of the book, "Prehistoric Myths in Modern Political Philosophy." The role of this chapter is to show that what we call "the Hobbesian Hypothesis" is an essential premise in John Locke's justification of private property. The Hobbesian hypothesis, in this context, is the claim that everyone is better off in a society with private land and resource ownership (even if they own no land or resources) than they could reasonably except to be in a society in which these resources remained unowned and people lived as hunter-gatherers. This chapter does not …


Chapter 3 (Draft) The Hobbesian Hypothesis: How A Colonial Prejudice Became An Essential Premise In The Most Popular Justification Of Government, Karl Widerquist, Grant Mccall Aug 2015

Chapter 3 (Draft) The Hobbesian Hypothesis: How A Colonial Prejudice Became An Essential Premise In The Most Popular Justification Of Government, Karl Widerquist, Grant Mccall

Karl Widerquist

This chapter is a draft of Chapter Three of the book that Grant McCall and I are writing. The book is called, "Prehistoric Myths in Modern Political Philosophy." This chapter shows now Hobbes introduce an empirical claim into his most influential justification of the state. We call this claim the Hobbesian hypothesis: everyone is better off under the authority of a sovereign government than everyone would be outside of that authority. The chapter argue that this hypothesis is a strong, counterfactual, empirical claim about people in small-scale stateless societies that has not been well-established by empirical evidence.


Karl Marx And His Ideas About Inequality, Vivek Kumar Srivastava Dr. Mar 2015

Karl Marx And His Ideas About Inequality, Vivek Kumar Srivastava Dr.

Vivek Kumar Srivastava Dr.

Marx has looked inequality in his own particular way. He has nowhere discussed about inequality in direct terms but his ideas about it are widely spread in his writings.


Waiting For Giorgio, Ananya Vajpeyi Feb 2015

Waiting For Giorgio, Ananya Vajpeyi

Ananya Vajpeyi

No abstract provided.


Back To The Agriculture - The Development Of The Comparative Advantage Of Sudan’S Commodities, Yagoub Elryah Dr. Jan 2015

Back To The Agriculture - The Development Of The Comparative Advantage Of Sudan’S Commodities, Yagoub Elryah Dr.

Yagoub Elryah (PhD)

In recent years, the Dutch disease created by losing the oil revenues has encouraged countries to diversify the comparative advantage in other products and services, and for many countries including Sudan agricultural products are at the top of the exports. Hence, this paper analyzed the comparative advantages of Sudan’s agricultural products and to show the extent to which products that Sudan should specialize in to regain some of missed comparative advantages. In order to figure out this, data were extracted from the International Trade Center (ITC)’s Trade map, the UNCTAD COMTRADE database and Central Bank of Sudan. In this study, …


History Of Utilitarian Social Thought, James E. Crimmins Jan 2015

History Of Utilitarian Social Thought, James E. Crimmins

James E Crimmins

No abstract provided.


Chapters 1-2 (Drafts) Of Prehistoric Myths In Modern Political Philosophy: Chapter 1-2, Karl Widerquist, Grant Mccall Jan 2015

Chapters 1-2 (Drafts) Of Prehistoric Myths In Modern Political Philosophy: Chapter 1-2, Karl Widerquist, Grant Mccall

Karl Widerquist

These two chapters are early and very preliminary drafts of the first to chapters of the book, "Prehistoric Myths in Modern Political Philosophy." The first chapter sets up what we are trying to do with this research project and previews our findings. The basic argument of the book is that political philosophers make dubious claims about prehistory in theor theories. These claims are poorly (if at all) research even though they are essential premises in many important political theories. The role of the book is both to show that these claims are necessary to support the arguments in influential political …


Avoiding The Guillotine: The Need For Balance And Purpose In Determining Fundamental Rights Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Timothy A. Campbell Jan 2015

Avoiding The Guillotine: The Need For Balance And Purpose In Determining Fundamental Rights Under The Fourteenth Amendment, Timothy A. Campbell

Timothy A Campbell

This Article examines the need to bridge the two fields of thought in fundamental rights jurisprudence. This Article argues two points. Broadly, an objective principle to determine fundamental rights is non-existent because rights by their nature are subjective. Hence, the Court must accept some subjectivity, but it needs to install guideposts to direct the judge’s discretion. The Court also needs to adopt a balanced approach that combines rationalism and traditionalism. They need to look at the purpose of the asserted right, the specificity of the asserted right, legal precedent, and history in formulating a balanced approach.


What Is Islamic Democracy? The Three Cs Of Islamic Governance, Muqtedar Khan Dec 2014

What Is Islamic Democracy? The Three Cs Of Islamic Governance, Muqtedar Khan

Muqtedar Khan

This book chapter explores the three Cs of Islamic Governance; Constitution, Consultation and Consent.


"The Bigger The Cake?": Puzzling Over Equality 20 Years Into Post-Apartheid South Africa, Jeremy P. Cronin Aug 2014

"The Bigger The Cake?": Puzzling Over Equality 20 Years Into Post-Apartheid South Africa, Jeremy P. Cronin

jeremy p cronin

No abstract provided.


Reconciling Liberalism And Judaism? Human Rights In Israel, Raphael Cohen-Almagor Jun 2014

Reconciling Liberalism And Judaism? Human Rights In Israel, Raphael Cohen-Almagor

raphael cohen-almagor

This essay argues that mixing religion in politics is problematic. It becomes destructive when the religion is unyielding and coercive. Whenever religious powers are on the rise, the foundations of liberal democracy are shaken and its protective mechanisms are regressing. Indeed, in Israel egalitarianism is still in the making. Orthodox Judaism and liberal democracy are in conflict. The rise of one comes at the expense of the other in a situation where religion does not encompass the concept of freedom from religion. This essay further argues that Palestinians and Israelis are entitled to the same rights and liberties. Accommodations and …


Lincoln’S Vision Of Free Labor: Was Universal Opportunity, Education, And Economic Nationalism Enough To Enhance Freedmens’ Rights After The Civil War And Reconstruction?, Harry M. Hipler Jun 2014

Lincoln’S Vision Of Free Labor: Was Universal Opportunity, Education, And Economic Nationalism Enough To Enhance Freedmens’ Rights After The Civil War And Reconstruction?, Harry M. Hipler

Harry M Hipler

This paper will explore free labor, education, and universal opportunity – the latter being synonymous with equal opportunity – as described by Abraham Lincoln, and its connectivity to economic development and nationalism before, during, and after the Civil War era. First, I discuss Lincoln’s vision of free labor that defined his vision in 19th century America. Next, I explore the importance of universal opportunity and education as they relate to free labor as defined by white Republicans and Lincoln. The Republican Party and Lincoln strongly believed that free labor was the harbinger of success to obtain universal opportunity for all …


Regaining Missed Opportunities: The Role Of Agriculture Post-Separation Development In Sudan, Yagoub Elryah Dr. May 2014

Regaining Missed Opportunities: The Role Of Agriculture Post-Separation Development In Sudan, Yagoub Elryah Dr.

Yagoub Elryah (PhD)

Agricultural sector is play a vital role in the Sudan economy and is considered to be the backbone of industrial development in the country. Sudan lost both south Sudan and oil revenues, the poverty increased among Sudanese. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the role of agriculture in post-separation development in Sudan. However, it missed opportunities on a number of occasions due to inappropriate economic policies, continues recent region conflicts. The key massage from the studies examined in this paper is that agricultural sector in Sudan still face many challenges. Among the challenges are absence of political …


Global And Regional Determinants Of Regime Type: Pakistan, Jakob A Friedman Apr 2014

Global And Regional Determinants Of Regime Type: Pakistan, Jakob A Friedman

Jakob A Friedman

Abstract: Traditional fields of study for international relations (IR) scholars have revolved around the question of how regimes interact with one another in the international sphere. This paper deals with answering the question of how regimes emerge in the first place. To this end, there are two competing narratives in IR, which seek to explain the origins of regime type. The first is that regimes are shaped entirely by a given nations regional security concerns, the other is that regimes emerge in response to global political paradigms. Throughout the exploration of the political history of Pakistan, this paper seeks to …


Islam, Democracy And Islamism After The Counterrevolution In Egypt, Muqtedar Khan Mar 2014

Islam, Democracy And Islamism After The Counterrevolution In Egypt, Muqtedar Khan

Muqtedar Khan

This article examines Muslim Brotherhood's governance during its brief reign and advances recommendations for reform.


Understanding Putin's Foreign And Economic Policy Correlation, Sumantra Maitra Feb 2014

Understanding Putin's Foreign And Economic Policy Correlation, Sumantra Maitra

Sumantra Maitra

No abstract provided.


Review: The Bush Leadership, The Power Of Ideas, And The War On Terror, Dylan Kissane Jan 2014

Review: The Bush Leadership, The Power Of Ideas, And The War On Terror, Dylan Kissane

Dylan Kissane

No abstract provided.


Public Reason As Higher Law, Gordon D. Ballingrud Jan 2014

Public Reason As Higher Law, Gordon D. Ballingrud

Gordon D Ballingrud

This paper presents a model of higher-law formation by employing a modified version of John Rawls’ idea of public reason. The model specifies a theory of public reason that combines the procedural and substantive aspects of public reason, and extends the concept over a third dimension, time. This concept, by virtue of its multi-generational democratic pedigree, forms a repository of political and legal concepts of justice that conform to the duty of civility, and the broad consensus on political and legal norms required of the content of public reason, which forms the overlapping consensus. Thus, public reason as higher law …


Bentham And Utilitarianism In The Early Nineteenth Century, James E. Crimmins Jan 2014

Bentham And Utilitarianism In The Early Nineteenth Century, James E. Crimmins

James E Crimmins

No abstract provided.


Between Politics And Science: The Dilemma Of Reason, Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker, Zoran S. Nikolić Jan 2014

Between Politics And Science: The Dilemma Of Reason, Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker, Zoran S. Nikolić

Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker

Curiosity, our deepest inner intellectual need and concern brought about what we today call science. This Article will try to address the problem of the interrelation between politics and science. There is no need to discuss which of the two came first, but rather the real question is to what extent can science influence the political process? Can it help proper decision-making and, if it can, to what extent? Decision-making is most often prefixed with the term political. Can the intellectual class representing the world of science have an influence on political decision-making? As C. Wright Mills rightly noticed, if …


A Cordialidade Brasileira: Um Mito Em Contradição, Paulo S. Peres Jan 2014

A Cordialidade Brasileira: Um Mito Em Contradição, Paulo S. Peres

Paulo S. Peres

Neste texto discuto o escopo e os sentidos dados ao conceito de Homem Cordial, com a finalidade de destacar que há duas concepções em conflito atualmente acerca da cordialidade brasileira. De um lado, a visão não-acadêmica percebe a cordialidade como a expressão apenas de sentimentos afáveis e, como tal, consistindo numa característica positiva do povo brasileiro. De outro lado, a visão acadêmica concebe a cordialidade como a expressão de sentimentos tanto afáveis como agressivos, sendo ambos negativos para o desenvolvimento político brasileiro, uma vez que resultam na indistinção entre espaços/bens públicos e privados. Em qualquer um dos casos, como procuro …


Conservatism, Stefan Andreasson Jan 2014

Conservatism, Stefan Andreasson

Stefan Andreasson

No abstract provided.


Legitimation, Mark C. Modak-Truran Jan 2014

Legitimation, Mark C. Modak-Truran

Mark C Modak-Truran

This article identifies three different conceptions of legitimation - pre-modern, modern, and post-secular - that compete both within and across national boundaries for the coveted prize of informing the social imaginary regarding how the government and the law should be legitimated in constitutional democracies. Pre-modern conceptions of legitimation consider governments and rulers legitimate if they are ordained by God or if the political system is ordered in accordance with the normative cosmic order. Contemporary proponents of the pre-modern conception range from those in the United States who maintain that the government has been legitimated by the “Judeo-Christian tradition” to those …


Turkey’S Quest For A “New International Order”: The Discourse Of Civilization And The Politics Of Restoration, Murat Yesiltas Jan 2014

Turkey’S Quest For A “New International Order”: The Discourse Of Civilization And The Politics Of Restoration, Murat Yesiltas

Murat Yesiltas

This article argues that the increasing emphasis of civilization in Turkish foreign policy discourse fundamentally affected Turkey’s criticism of the current international order. Political elites during the Justice and Development Party era have framed their critiques of international order in the context of the “politics of restoration”; the political discourse seeks to re-construct Turkey’s national, regional and international political discourse and engagement. They have also re- contextualized the politics of restoration along the axis of a discourse of the “New Turkey”. In this sense, the “New Turkey” discourse reproduced the civilizational identity part of Turkey’s international order narrative by blending …


In Search Of A Just Political Economy: Why We Should Go Beyond Rawls's Pod And Schefczyk's Ruws, Fabian Schuppert Jan 2014

In Search Of A Just Political Economy: Why We Should Go Beyond Rawls's Pod And Schefczyk's Ruws, Fabian Schuppert

Fabian Schuppert

No abstract provided.


Supermayorías A Nivel Legislativo. Los Problemas Del Debate Y Una Propuesta Metodológica, Sergio Verdugo Sverdugor@Udd.Cl Jan 2014

Supermayorías A Nivel Legislativo. Los Problemas Del Debate Y Una Propuesta Metodológica, Sergio Verdugo Sverdugor@Udd.Cl

Sergio Verdugo R.

Se analiza el debate institucional relativo a si deben o no permanecer los quórums legislativos súper-mayoritarios (esto es, aquellos mayores a la mayoría simple) en la Constitución. El autor critica la manera en que la discusión ha tenido lugar desde la perspectiva académica. Luego, revisa los alcances y límites de los argumentos favorables a las supermayorías, defendiendo la idea de que ellas pueden servir de forma instrumental algunos fines legítimos que son compatibles con la democracia. Las implicancias de este trabajo alcanzan a algunas leyes orgánicas constitucionales y, también, a las leyes de quórum calificado, a las que se les …