A Global Framework For Understanding And Measuring Homelessness, Volker Busch-Geertsema, Dennis P. Culhane, Suzanne Fitzpatrick
Sep 2015
A Global Framework For Understanding And Measuring Homelessness, Volker Busch-Geertsema, Dennis P. Culhane, Suzanne Fitzpatrick
Dennis P. Culhane
No abstract provided.
Predictors Of Homelessness Among Families And Single Adults After Exit From Homelessness Prevention And Rapid Rehousing Programs: Evidence From The Department Of Veterans Affairs Supportive Services For Veteran Families Program, Thomas Byrne, Daniel Treglia, Dennis P. Culhane, John Kuhn, Vincent Kane
Sep 2015
Predictors Of Homelessness Among Families And Single Adults After Exit From Homelessness Prevention And Rapid Rehousing Programs: Evidence From The Department Of Veterans Affairs Supportive Services For Veteran Families Program, Thomas Byrne, Daniel Treglia, Dennis P. Culhane, John Kuhn, Vincent Kane
Dennis P. Culhane
This article assesses the extent and predictors of homelessness among veterans (both veterans in families with children and single adults veterans) exiting the Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF) program, which is a nationwide homelessness prevention and rapid re-housing programgeared primarily toward those experiencing crisis homelessness.Among rapid re-housing participants, 16%and 26%of single adult veterans experienced an episode of homelessness at 1 and 2 years post-SSVF exit; the comparable figures at those follow-up times for veterans in familieswere 9.4%and 15.5%, respectively. Relatively fewer single adult veterans and veterans in families receiving homelessness prevention services experienced an episode of homelessness at 1 …
Military Misconduct And Homelessness Among Us Veterans Separated From Active Duty, 2001-2012, Adi V. Gundlapalli, Jamison D. Fargo, Stephen Metraux, Marjorie E. Carter, Matthew K. Samore, Vincent Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Aug 2015
Military Misconduct And Homelessness Among Us Veterans Separated From Active Duty, 2001-2012, Adi V. Gundlapalli, Jamison D. Fargo, Stephen Metraux, Marjorie E. Carter, Matthew K. Samore, Vincent Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
Misconduct-related separations from the military are associated with subsequent adverse civilian outcomes that are of substantial public health concern.1 We investigated the association between misconduct-related separations and homelessness among recently returned active-duty military service members.
Testing Alternative Definitions Of Chronic Homelessness, Thomas Byrne, Dennis P. Culhane
Mar 2015
Testing Alternative Definitions Of Chronic Homelessness, Thomas Byrne, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
Objective: This study examined the potential impact of a proposed change to the official federal definition of chronic homelessness.
Methods: Using administrative data from the emergency shelters in a large U.S. city, this study estimated the number of persons identified as chronically homeless under the current definition of chronic homelessness, a proposed new federal definition, and two alternative definitions and examined shelter utilization for each group.
Results: Fewer than half as many people were considered chronically homeless under the proposed new federal definition compared with the current definition. Persons considered chronically homeless by the proposed new definition and, to a …
Childhood Adversity, Adult Homelessness And The Intergenerational Transmission Of Risk: A Population-Representative Study Of Individuals In Households With Children, J J. Cutuli, Ann Elizabeth Montgomer, Michelle Evans-Chase, Dennis P. Culhane
Jan 2015
Childhood Adversity, Adult Homelessness And The Intergenerational Transmission Of Risk: A Population-Representative Study Of Individuals In Households With Children, J J. Cutuli, Ann Elizabeth Montgomer, Michelle Evans-Chase, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
This study tested for associations between childhood adversity, adult homelessness and contexts of developmental risk in households with children. Data were drawn from the 2010 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, representative of the population of Washington State residents. Considering adults in households with children, those who experienced higher levels of childhood adversity were more likely to have experienced homelessness in adulthood. Meanwhile, a 10-factor index of cumulative developmental risk was independently associated with childhood adversity and with adult homelessness. Adult homelessness appears to represent a circumstance through which past childhood adversities are brought forward and associated with contexts …
The Finnish Homelessness Strategy: An International Review, Nicholas Pleace, Dennis P. Culhane, Riitta Granfelt, Marcus Knutagard
Dec 2014
The Finnish Homelessness Strategy: An International Review, Nicholas Pleace, Dennis P. Culhane, Riitta Granfelt, Marcus Knutagard
Dennis P. Culhane
The review covered the whole of the programme to reduce long-term homelessness implemented during 2008–2011 and 2012–2015, Paavo I and Paavo II. The review focused on the programme as a whole as well as its different aspects from the point of view of implementing the Housing First model in Finnish society. The review report described work on homelessness done in the United Kingdom, Sweden and the USA, focusing particularly on operating practices that could be used in work on homelessness in Finland. The review is based on the background materials collected for the evaluation team as well as two field …
The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress, Part 2, Claudia D. Solari, Alvaro Cortes, Meghan Henry, Natalie Matthews, Sean Morris, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Sep 2014
The 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress, Part 2, Claudia D. Solari, Alvaro Cortes, Meghan Henry, Natalie Matthews, Sean Morris, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
This report is the second part of a two-part series. The first part is called The 2013 Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness: Part 1 of the 2013 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress and was published in November 2013. The Part 1 report provides estimates of homelessness based on the Point-in-Time (PIT) count data gathered by communities throughout the country on a single night in January. The estimates are provided at the national-, state-, and CoC-levels. New to the 2013 AHAR is information on unaccompanied homeless children and youth and chronically homeless people in families.
Part 2 of the 2013 …
The 2014 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Part 1 Point In Time Counts, Mehan Henry, Alvaro Cortes, Azim Shivji, Katherine Buck, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Sep 2014
The 2014 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Part 1 Point In Time Counts, Mehan Henry, Alvaro Cortes, Azim Shivji, Katherine Buck, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
In January 2014, 578,424 people were homeless on a given night. Most (69 percent) were staying in residential programs for homeless people, and the rest (31 percent) were found in unsheltered locations.
Nearly one-quarter of all homeless people were children under the age of 18 (23 percent or 135,701). Ten percent (or 58,601) were between the ages of 18 and 24, and 66 percent (or 384,122) were 25 years or older.
Homelessness declined by 2 percent (or 13,344 people) between 2013 and 2014 and by 11 percent (or 72,718) since 2007.
Development And Validation Of An Instrument To Assess Imminent Risk Of Homelessness Among Veterans, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison Fargo, Vincent Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Aug 2014
Development And Validation Of An Instrument To Assess Imminent Risk Of Homelessness Among Veterans, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison Fargo, Vincent Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
Objectives. Veterans are overrepresented within the homeless population compared with their non-veteran counterparts, particularly when controlling for poverty. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) aims to prevent new episodes of homelessness by targeting households at greatest risk; however, there are no instruments that systematically assess veterans’ risk of homelessness. We developed and tested a brief screening instrument to identify imminent risk of homelessness among veterans accessing VA health care.
Methods. The study team developed initial assessment items, conducted cognitiveinterviews with veterans experiencing homelessness, refined pilot items based on veterans’ and experts’ feedback and results of psychometric analyses, and assigned …
The Relationship Between Community Investment In Permanent Supportive Housing And Chronic Homelessness, Thomas Byrne, Jamison Fargo, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Ellen Munley, Dennis P. Culhane
May 2014
The Relationship Between Community Investment In Permanent Supportive Housing And Chronic Homelessness, Thomas Byrne, Jamison Fargo, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Ellen Munley, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
In recent years, permanent supportive housing PSH has emerged as the preferred intervention for addressing chronic homelessness in the United States. However, almost all prior studies examining the effectiveness of PSH have been conducted at the individual level, with only minimal attempts to empirically test the relationship between PSH and chronic homelessness at the community level. This study uses longitudinal data collected by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development HUD and several other sources to model the relationship between measures of community investment in PSH and rates of chronic homelessness. The results show modest negative associations between increased …
Impact And Performance Of The Supportive Services For Veteran Families (Ssvf) Program: Results From The Fy 2013 Program Year, Thomas Byrne, John Kuhn, Dennis P. Culhane, Susan Kane, Vincent Kane
Apr 2014
Impact And Performance Of The Supportive Services For Veteran Families (Ssvf) Program: Results From The Fy 2013 Program Year, Thomas Byrne, John Kuhn, Dennis P. Culhane, Susan Kane, Vincent Kane
Dennis P. Culhane
The Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF) program represents a crucial component of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) plan to prevent and end homelessness among Veterans. Operationalized in Federal Fiscal Year (FY) 2012, SSVF is the first and only VA program that provides services to Veterans and their families. SSVF is a community-based, competitive grant program that rapidly re-houses homeless Veteran families and prevents homelessness for those at imminent risk due to a housing crisis. The program focuses on achieving housing stability through a short-term, customized intervention using a time limited case management approach. Services include financial assistance …
Estimating Cost Savings Associated With Hud-Vash Placement, Thomas Byrne, Christopher B. Roberts, Dennis P. Culhane, Vincent Kane
Mar 2014
Estimating Cost Savings Associated With Hud-Vash Placement, Thomas Byrne, Christopher B. Roberts, Dennis P. Culhane, Vincent Kane
Dennis P. Culhane
Existing research suggests that Veterans experiencing homelessness make disproportionate and costly use of acute health, mental health and substance abuse treatment services, but that placement in programs like the US Department of Housing and Urban Development-VA Supportive Housing Program (HUD-VASH) can result in substantial reductions in the utilization of these services and associated costs. Several studies have demonstrated that, for certain high need individuals and Veterans, cost savings resulting from the reduction in these acute care services subsequent to placement in permanent supportive housing (PSH) can substantially or completely offset the cost of providing PSH and may even result in …
Risk Factors For Becoming Homeless Among A Cohort Of Veterans Who Served In The Era Of The Iraq And Afghanistan Conflicts, Stephen Metraux, Limin X. Clegg, John D. Daigh, Dennis P. Culhane, Vincent R. Kane
Nov 2013
Risk Factors For Becoming Homeless Among A Cohort Of Veterans Who Served In The Era Of The Iraq And Afghanistan Conflicts, Stephen Metraux, Limin X. Clegg, John D. Daigh, Dennis P. Culhane, Vincent R. Kane
Dennis P. Culhane
Objectives. In this population-based cohort study, we assessed baseline risk factors for homelessness, including the role of service in the Iraq or Afghanistan conflicts, among a large cohort of recent veterans.
Methods. Data for this study came from administrative records for 310 685 veterans who separated from active military duty from July 1, 2005, to September 30, 2006. We used survival analysis methods to determine incidence rates and risk factors for homelessness, based on baseline data for military factors, demographic characteristics, and diagnoses of behavioral health disorders and traumatic brain injury.
Results. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan and, more specifically, …
Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variations In Rates Of Homelessness Among Families And Single Adults, Jamison D. Fargo, Ellen A. Munley, Thomas H. Byrne, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Dennis P. Culhane
Nov 2013
Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Variations In Rates Of Homelessness Among Families And Single Adults, Jamison D. Fargo, Ellen A. Munley, Thomas H. Byrne, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
Objectives. We modeled rates of family and single-adult homelessness in the United States in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions and as a function of community-level demographic, behavioral, health, economic, and safety net characteristics.
Methods. We entered community-level characteristics and US Department of Housing and Urban Development point-in-time counts for a single night in January 2009 into separate mixed-effects statistical analyses that modeled homelessness rates for 4 subpopulations: families and single adults inmetropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions.
Results. Community-level factors accounted for 25% to 50% of the variance in homelessness rates across models. In metropolitan regions, alcohol consumption, social support, and several economic …
Relationship Among Adverse Childhood Experiences, History Of Active Military Service, And Adult Outcomes: Homelessness, Mental Health And Physical Health, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, J J. Cutuli, Michelle Evans-Chase, Dan Treglia, Dennis P. Culhane
Nov 2013
Relationship Among Adverse Childhood Experiences, History Of Active Military Service, And Adult Outcomes: Homelessness, Mental Health And Physical Health, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, J J. Cutuli, Michelle Evans-Chase, Dan Treglia, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
Objectives. We determined whether a report of adverse childhood experiences predicts adult outcomes related to homelessness, mental health, and physical health and whether participation in active military service influences the relationship between childhood and adult adversity.
Methods. Using data from the 2010 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we tested by means of logistic regression the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and 3 adult outcomes—homelessness, mental health, and physical health—as well as differences among those with a history of active military service.
Results. Adverse childhood experiences separately predicted increased odds of experiencing homelessness as an adult and mental health …
Homelessness Research: Shaping Policy And Practice, Now And Into The Future, Dennis P. Culhane, Vince R. Kane, Mark Johnston
Nov 2013
Homelessness Research: Shaping Policy And Practice, Now And Into The Future, Dennis P. Culhane, Vince R. Kane, Mark Johnston
Dennis P. Culhane
As this special issue of the journal well reflects, much progress has been made in homelessness research. That progress has been matched with advances in homelessness policy and programming, nearly all of it informed by the contributions of the research community. While the imperatives of policy-making have required decisions to be made with imperfect knowledge, a substantial enough convergence of theory and evidence has enabled policymakers to shift homelessness policy and practice in important ways. Those shifts have also prefigured some of policymakers’ needs from the research community in the future.
Universal Screening For Homelessness And Risk For Homelessness In The Veterans Health Administration, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison D. Fargo, Thomas H. Byrne, Vincent R. Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Nov 2013
Universal Screening For Homelessness And Risk For Homelessness In The Veterans Health Administration, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison D. Fargo, Thomas H. Byrne, Vincent R. Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
We examined data for all veteranswho completed the Veterans Health Administration’s national homelessness screening instrument between October 1, 2012, and January 10, 2013. Among veterans who were not engaged with the US Department of Veterans Affairs homeless system and presented for primary care services, the prevalence of recent housing instability or homelessness was 0.9% and homelessness risk was 1.2%. Future research will refine outreach strategies, targeting of prevention resources, and development of novel interventions.
The 2013 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Part 1, Point-In-Time Estimates Of Homelessness, Meghan Henry, Alvaro Cortes, Sean Morris, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Oct 2013
The 2013 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Part 1, Point-In-Time Estimates Of Homelessness, Meghan Henry, Alvaro Cortes, Sean Morris, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
On a single night in January 2013, there were 610,042 people experiencing homelessness in the United States, including 394,698 people who were homeless in sheltered locations and 215,344 people who were living in unsheltered locations.
The 2012 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Volume 2, Estimates Of Homelessness In The United States, Claudia Solari, Alvaro Cortes, Scott Brown, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Aug 2013
The 2012 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (Ahar) To Congress: Volume 2, Estimates Of Homelessness In The United States, Claudia Solari, Alvaro Cortes, Scott Brown, Jill Khadduri, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
Since 2007, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development has released an annual report on the extent of homelessness in the United States—the Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR). The report documents how many people are using shelter programs for homeless people, and how many people are in unsheltered locations that are often called “the street.” The AHAR is delivered each year to the U.S. Congress, and its contents are used to inform Federal, State, and local policies to prevent and end homelessness. This report is the second part of a two-volume series. The first part is called The 2012 …
Housing Chronically Homeless Veterans: Evaluating The Efficacy Of A Housing First Approach To Hud-Vash, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Lindsay L. Hill, Vincent Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Feb 2013
Housing Chronically Homeless Veterans: Evaluating The Efficacy Of A Housing First Approach To Hud-Vash, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Lindsay L. Hill, Vincent Kane, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
Rapidly placing homeless Veterans with severe mental illness into permanent housing is one important goal of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) program; however, no research has tested whether an explicit organizational alignment of this goal with revised practices could improve outcomes. A demonstration project initiated in 2010 to reform housing placement practices in a metropolitan area enabled researchers to compare an explicit “Housing First” program—offering immediate permanent housing without requiring treatment compliance, abstinence, or “housing readiness”—with a treatment-first program for 177 homeless Veterans. The Housing First initiative successfully reduced time to housing placement, …
The Age Structure Of Contemporary Homelessness: Evidence And Implications For Public Policy, Dennis P. Culhane, Stephen Metraux, Thomas Byrne, Magdi Steno, Jay Bainbridge
Jan 2013
The Age Structure Of Contemporary Homelessness: Evidence And Implications For Public Policy, Dennis P. Culhane, Stephen Metraux, Thomas Byrne, Magdi Steno, Jay Bainbridge
Dennis P. Culhane
Amidst concern about the implications of an aging U.S. population, recent evidence suggests that there is a unique aging trend among the homeless population. Building on this, we use data from New York City and from the last three decennial Census enumerations to assess how the age composition of the homeless population—both single adults and adults in families—has changed over time. Findings show diverging trends in aging patterns for single adults and adults in families over the past 20 years. Among single adults, the bulk of the sheltered population is comprised of persons born during the latter part of the …
The Aging Of Contemporary Homelessness, Dennis P. Culhane, Stephen Metraux, Thomas Byrne, Magdi Stino, Jay Bainbridge
Dec 2012
The Aging Of Contemporary Homelessness, Dennis P. Culhane, Stephen Metraux, Thomas Byrne, Magdi Stino, Jay Bainbridge
Dennis P. Culhane
Homelessness is currently at a demographic crossroad. This presents a unique opportunity for hastening its demise. In the thirty years since homelessness first manifested itself in American cities in its contemporary form, it has ascended to one of the most prominent American social problems. Despite the current push by advocacy organizations to end homelessness, many expect it will always be with us. In its longevity, however, lies the potential for its decline, provided we do not repeat this cycle with a new generation of homeless.
Rethinking Homelessness Prevention Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Stephen Metraux, Dennis P. Culhane
Dec 2012
Rethinking Homelessness Prevention Among Persons With Serious Mental Illness, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Stephen Metraux, Dennis P. Culhane
Dennis P. Culhane
During recent years, the need to consider effective and innovative ways to prevent and end homelessness among individuals with serious mental illness has been abetted by an increased and more sophisticated understanding of the composition of the homeless population, the emergence of evidence-based practicess to address homelessness, and the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This article summarizes the evolving understanding of the role that serious mental illness plays in homelessness, as well as the interventions that are effective at preventing and ending homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. This summary contextualizes a discussion of the …
