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Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Challenges And Opportunities For The Au’S Peace And Security Council: A Critical Reflection From A Regime Analytical Perspective, Emmanuel Aning
Challenges And Opportunities For The Au’S Peace And Security Council: A Critical Reflection From A Regime Analytical Perspective, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
No abstract is currently available.
Foreward, Emmanuel Aning
Drug Trafficking And Threats To National And Regional Security In West Africa, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, John Pokoo
Drug Trafficking And Threats To National And Regional Security In West Africa, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, John Pokoo
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
In less than one and a half decades West Africa has become a major transit and repackaging hub for cocaine and heroin flowing from the Latin American and Asian producing areas to European markets. Drug trafficking is not new to the region; the phenomenon rapidly expanded in the mid-2000s as a result of a strategic shift of Latin American drug syndicates towards the rapidly growing European market, leading UNODC to state in 2008 that "…the crisis of drug trafficking … is gaining attention. Alarm bells are ringing …West Africa has become a hub for cocaine trafficking. This is more than …
The Economic Community Of West African States And The Responsibility To Protect, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
The Economic Community Of West African States And The Responsibility To Protect, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was created in 1975 with the primary objective of member states jointly to ‘promote cooperation and integration, leading to the establishment of an economic union in West Africa in order to raise the living standards of its peoples, and to maintain and enhance economic stability’. However, since its creation, the organization has largely pursued security and political agendas due to the prevalence of political instability and security challenges in the West African sub-region. Since the 1960s, when most of its member states gained independence, West Africa has experienced several coups d’état and …
Regional Approaches To Statebuilding Ii: The African Union And Ecowas, Emmanuel Aning, Naila Salihu
Regional Approaches To Statebuilding Ii: The African Union And Ecowas, Emmanuel Aning, Naila Salihu
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This chapter discusses statebuilding within the context of post-conflict reconstruction and development in Africa. It outlines the policies and practices of, first, the African Union (AU) and then the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and explores how these are implemented in fields of political governance, security sector reform, economic reform, and social justice. These areas are crucial to any effective or comprehensive statebuilding process; if they are not adequately addressed, there is a risk of the country concerned reverting to conflict. Both the AU and ECOWAS can be commended for putting in place policy frameworks for promoting statebuilding …
Addressing Emerging Security Threats In Post-Gaddafi Sahel And Ecowas Response To The Malian Crises, Emmanuel Aning, Frank Okyere, Mustapha Abdallah
Addressing Emerging Security Threats In Post-Gaddafi Sahel And Ecowas Response To The Malian Crises, Emmanuel Aning, Frank Okyere, Mustapha Abdallah
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This policy paper examines the broader impact of post-Gaddafi security challenges on West African states, with particular emphasis on the Sahelian regions. This will be juxtaposed against the old insecurities serving as long time precursors. As the first major unintended consequence of the Libyan crisis, we discuss the events leading to the Malian coup d’état and its implications on the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Finally, the paper analyzes the options for international engagement, focusing on the UN, EU, AU and ECOWAS.
Identifying And Responding To Africa's Security Challenges, Emmanuel Aning
Identifying And Responding To Africa's Security Challenges, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This chapter discusses a broad range of new and emerging security challenges that affect and impact the survival of Africa's constituent states. It seeks to (a) understand the dynamics and mechanics of the narcotics trade and the manner in which it impacts the content, particularly West Africa, which is now known as the "coke coast"; (2) identify and analyze the threat of cyber crime; and (3) examine the strategies for coping and responding to these challenges within the broader framework of initiatives undertaken by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Union.
Application Of And Responses To The Responsibility To Protect Norm At The Regional And Subregional Levels In Africa: Lessons For Implementation, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Application Of And Responses To The Responsibility To Protect Norm At The Regional And Subregional Levels In Africa: Lessons For Implementation, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This paper contributes to discussion on moving the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) norm from concept to action by exploring how such shifts can be made from regional and subregional perspectives. We argue that recent events in Africa and the responses and actions of its major multilateral actor, the African Union (AU), and one of its regional economic communities, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), indicate the urgent the need for regional and subregional actors to lead in the implementation of this norm due to chronic instability that threatens populations in the African region. We further argue that implementing …
Protecting Civilians In La Cote D’Ivoire: Addressing Unanswered Questions, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi, Naila Salihu
Protecting Civilians In La Cote D’Ivoire: Addressing Unanswered Questions, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi, Naila Salihu
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This policy brief explores the concept of civilian protection and how it applies to the ongoing Ivorian crisis, and conflict situations broadly. Specifically, it discusses the challenges of promoting civilian protection in La Cote d’Ivoire and suggests ways of dealing with it. We argue that there is the need for the international community to pay particular attention to the issue of civilian protection in order to reduce civilian casualties while the conflict lasts.
Demography, Environment And Conflict In West Africa, Emmanuel Aning, Andrews Atta-Asamoah
Demography, Environment And Conflict In West Africa, Emmanuel Aning, Andrews Atta-Asamoah
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
In this paper, we argue that West Africa’s conflict experiences since 1990 have never been devoid of the concurrent influence of the youth bulge problematic and the effects of the economic downturns of countries in the sub-region. These factors can therefore not be relegated to the background in present and future attempts to achieve peace. We also argue that the outbreak of conflicts has had grave ramifications on the region’s environmental security. This paper starts with a section that analyses the nexus between demography and conflict from which evidence is deduced to explain the youth bulge phenomenon and supporting destabilising …
Promoting Peace And Stability In La Côte D’Ivoire: Negotiating The Cost Of International Inaction And The Need For Decisive Action, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Promoting Peace And Stability In La Côte D’Ivoire: Negotiating The Cost Of International Inaction And The Need For Decisive Action, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
In this second policy brief on the situation in La Côte d’Ivoire a calling for enforcement action led by the United Nations Operations in La Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) to stop the fighting, protect civilians and restore stability to the troubled country. It is argued that given the extent to which the situation has degenerated, it is only a UN force with a strong enforcement mandate, action and capability that can save the situation and protect hapless civilians who are at the mercy of the warring factions. It is, however, important to note that our main argument in the paper is …
Military Challenges And Threats In West Africa, Emmanuel Aning, Andrews Atta-Asamoah
Military Challenges And Threats In West Africa, Emmanuel Aning, Andrews Atta-Asamoah
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
Much of the violent and protracted conflicts characteristic of sub-Saharan Africa in the post-Cold War years occurred in West Africa,1 particularly in countries of the Mano River Union (MRU).2 Apart from the fourteen years of intermittent conflict in Liberia, the West African sub-region also witnessed civil war in Sierra Leone; instabilities in Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire, Niger and protracted rebellions in the Southern Cassamance Province of Senegal; resource-related conflicts in Nigeria, ethnic conflicts among the Nanumba and Konkomba in northern Ghana; and political instability in Togo.
The Challenge Of The Côte D’Ivoire Crisis For West Africa: Exploring Options For A Negotiated Settlement, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
The Challenge Of The Côte D’Ivoire Crisis For West Africa: Exploring Options For A Negotiated Settlement, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This paper discusses the political deadlock in La Côte d’Ivoire, cautions against the use of force, and calls on the international community to explore options for negotiated settlement. It argues that the use of force in the Ivorian situation will be a zero sum game in which the civilian populations of the country will suffer. On the contrary, a negotiated settlement presents the best opportunity for a win win situation in which the Ivorian population can be protected
Liberia: A Briefing Paper On The Trc Report, Emmanuel Aning, Thomas Jaye
Liberia: A Briefing Paper On The Trc Report, Emmanuel Aning, Thomas Jaye
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
The main purpose of this policy brief is to critically examine, and provide a capsule analysis and nuanced understanding of the context, mandate, reactions and key issues emerging out of the TRC report and recommendations. Subsequently, the essay puts forward some recommendations for immediate actions by the Government and people of Liberia as well as the broader international community of state and non-state actors in order to facilitate dialogue and informed social debates around the issues emerging out of the report.
Breaking Up A Monolithic State: Reflections Of Unarmed Ghanaian Military Observers In Kosovo And Bosnia, Fiifi Ed-Afful, Evelyn Avoxe, Emmanuel Aning
Breaking Up A Monolithic State: Reflections Of Unarmed Ghanaian Military Observers In Kosovo And Bosnia, Fiifi Ed-Afful, Evelyn Avoxe, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
What this paper seeks to do is to analyze the personal experiences and contributions of Ghanaian military observers under UNPROFOR as an alternative to general media and official UN reports. It gives important insights into the role of military observers, with a view to drawing out important lessons for filling the knowledge gaps with respect to peace building and state building. The analysis is based on multiple faceto-face narratives drawn from interviews with four Ghanaian military officers posted as military observers to the Bosnian conflict between 1993 and 1995.
The Neglected Economic Dimensions Of Ecowas’S Negotiated Peace Accords In West Africa, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, Samuel Atuobi
The Neglected Economic Dimensions Of Ecowas’S Negotiated Peace Accords In West Africa, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
Since its first intervention in Liberia in December 1989, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has, in conjunction with the African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN), managed to resolve intrastate violence in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Côte d’Ivoire through its political and military interventions. One aspect of the work undertaken by the ECOWAS that has received little scholarly attention are the economic dimensions of the peace accords it has negotiated. To date, no scholarly work that we know of has focused on this aspect of ECOWAS peace initiatives. The same is true of other peace initiatives, …
Potential New Hotspots For Extremism And Opportunities To Mitigate The Danger: The Case Of The Sahel, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
Potential New Hotspots For Extremism And Opportunities To Mitigate The Danger: The Case Of The Sahel, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
West Africa and increasingly some of its Sahelian states namely Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania and Niger are prey to a number of factors that make them suceptible to illicit trafficking, organized crime and terrorism. They are ranked among the most vulnerable 10 out of the 177 countries listed in this context. The structural weakness of the Sahelian states economies, characterized by small domestic markets and an over-reliance on only one or two export commodities, renders them highly susceptible to external shocks and low intensity security threats. The huge, open expanses of land with few settlements and a limited number of …
Compendium Of Ecowas Peace And Security Decisions: Protocols, Declarations And Peace Agreements, Emmanuel Aning, Emma Birikorang, Thomas Jaye
Compendium Of Ecowas Peace And Security Decisions: Protocols, Declarations And Peace Agreements, Emmanuel Aning, Emma Birikorang, Thomas Jaye
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
No abstract is currently available.
Security, The War On Terror, And Official Development Assistance, Emmanuel Aning
Security, The War On Terror, And Official Development Assistance, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States and the subsequent declaration of a War on Terror, several international issues have been affected, including the disbursement of official development assistance. This paper examines the connections between development aid, security, and the War on Terror and analyses the manner in which these linkages are impacting on the orientation, understanding, performance, and efficacy of existing official development assistance discourses, and assesses the emergence or otherwise of a new securitisation and politicisation of aid. The paper draws linkages between official development assistance, security, and terrorism, and applies this analysis to a discussion …
Organized Crime In West Africa: Options For Eu Engagement, Emmanuel Aning
Organized Crime In West Africa: Options For Eu Engagement, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
Worldwide, organized crime is considered a major threat to human security. Organized crime impedes social, economic, cultural and democratic developments globally, with disproportionate effects on developing and fragile states. The threat and challenges of organized crime in Africa in general and West Africa in particular is enormous because of the high presence of fragile states serving as potential breeding grounds for such activities (Commission of the European Communities 2007: 5). In Africa, as in the rest of the world, organized criminal activities take the form of drug trafficking, advanced fee and Internet fraud, human trafficking, diamond smuggling, forgery, cigarette smuggling, …
Ecowas And Conflict Prevention In West Africa: Confronting The Triple Threats, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, A. Sarjoh Bah
Ecowas And Conflict Prevention In West Africa: Confronting The Triple Threats, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, A. Sarjoh Bah
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
In this paper, Dr. A. Sarjoh Bah and Dr. Kwesi Aning, addresses three critical transnational challenges, referred to as the “triple threats” confronting West Africa, namely: governance, drug trafficking and small arms and light weapons. They contend that the combined effects of these threats could undermine the security and stability of the entire sub-region. Consequently the analysis focuses on policy responses by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in confronting the triple threats and offers specific recommendations on how these responses can be enhanced. Among other things, the authors call on ECOWAS to articulate its concerns relating to …
Responsibility To Protect In Africa: An Analysis Of The African Union's Peace And Security Architecture, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Responsibility To Protect In Africa: An Analysis Of The African Union's Peace And Security Architecture, Emmanuel Aning, Samuel Atuobi
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
In this paper we argue that, since its birth, the African Union (AU) has established a set of norms and principles that mirror the tenets of R2P as agreed to by the Outcome Document of the 2005 World Summit. These norms and principles coupled with the AU's peace and security architecture make it proactive in conflict prevention and the management of crisis situations on the continent. Collaborative ventures between the African Union (at the continental level), the regional economic communities (RECs) at the (sub-regional level) and the UN (at the global level), we argue, are thus the best options for …
Establishing The Future State Of The Peacebuilding Commission: Perspectives On Africa, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, Ernest Lartey
Establishing The Future State Of The Peacebuilding Commission: Perspectives On Africa, Emmanuel Kwesi Aning, Ernest Lartey
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
The paper discusses the strategic role of the PBC as a vital component in the attainment of the new peacebuilding vision and architecture and examines its potential implications for sustainable peace in Africa. Furthermore, it examines the various dimensions of peace-building strategies by evaluating what has been achieved so far. In reviewing the PBC’s peace-building approaches, analysis is undertaken to identify specific gaps in the current methods of operation. Consequently, an analysis of the expected strategic changes that should reflect the future outlook of the PBC’s engagement in Africa is developed that categorizes the potential strategic changes that should occur …
The Role Of Private Military Companies In Us-Africa Policy, Emmanuel Aning, Thomas Jaye, Samuel Atuobi
The Role Of Private Military Companies In Us-Africa Policy, Emmanuel Aning, Thomas Jaye, Samuel Atuobi
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This article discusses the increasing use of private military companies (PMCs) in United States' security policy in Africa, and examines this phenomenon in relation to the US' various military training programmes on the continent. We argue that the increasing use of PMCs in US security policy has evolved due to two critical and mutually dependent developments; African state weakness and resource stringency on the one hand, and the US's overwhelming security commitments around the world, combined with military downsizing, on the other. The article further argues that the involvement of PMCs is to a large extent informed by US concerns …
From 'Voluntary' To A 'Binding' Process: Towards The Securitisation Of Small Arms, Emmanuel Aning
From 'Voluntary' To A 'Binding' Process: Towards The Securitisation Of Small Arms, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This article analyses the issue of small arms and light weapons (SALW) proliferation in both Ghana and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Specifically, it assesses the extent to which both Ghana and ECOWAS have 'securitised' this particular issue through an initial 'voluntary' instrument first in 1998 and extended in 2001 until the signing in June 2006 of a legally and politically binding ECOWAS Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons, their Ammunition and Other Related Materials. To do so, the article begins by setting out the scope and a brief history of the SALW problem in West …
Us Peace-Operations Policy In Africa: From Acri To Africom, A. Sarjoh Bah, Emmanuel Aning
Us Peace-Operations Policy In Africa: From Acri To Africom, A. Sarjoh Bah, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This article examines the changing nature of US peacekeeping policy in Africa in the postcold war period. After an account of the failures in Somalia and Rwanda in the early 1990s, it traces the evolution of various training programmes, from the African Crisis Response Initiative (ACRI) in the early 1990s to the African Command (AFRICOM). We argue that, while these initiatives had some characteristics that were welcomed by African states, the programmes never achieved their full potential. The United States was quick to replace one programme with another when it ran into difficulty with the recipients, leading to a shift …
China’S Ventures In Africa, Emmanuel Aning, Delphine Lecroute
China’S Ventures In Africa, Emmanuel Aning, Delphine Lecroute
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
In this paper, we are guided by several questions of which the critical one is whether Sino-African relations are merely opportunistic and based on an ad hoc momentum, or whether they reflect a real strategy based on presence and territorial domination in the new context of competition and cooperation on the reconfigured African continent. We argue that any endeavour to appreciate the complexities of this relationship needs a more nuanced and differentiated appreciation and understanding of Sino-African relations. Such an approach will elucidate the complex relationship between Africa and China and, more importantly, emphasise the delicate nuances that are overlooked …
Are There Emerging West African Criminal Networks? The Case Of Ghana, Emmanuel Aning
Are There Emerging West African Criminal Networks? The Case Of Ghana, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This paper situates discussions about emerging African Criminal Networks (ACN) within Ghana specifically, and West Africa generally, and seeks to present the initial results of an empirically based study on the activities of transnational organised criminal (TOCs) groups in Ghana. The paper argues that the nature of state and statehood in Africa and its inability to establish effective regulatory mechanisms contributes to the rise of these particular types of criminal groups. It begins by conceptualising the place of Ghanaian and West African criminal groups within the framework of international crime. Furthermore, it undertakes an indepth analysis of three types of …
Security, The War On Terror And Official Development Assistance, Emmanuel Aning
Security, The War On Terror And Official Development Assistance, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
The objective of this paper is to examine the connections between development aid, security and the War on Terror. It examines the manner in which these linkages are impacting on the orientation, understanding, performance and efficacy of the existing ODA architecture. The paper discusses the characteristics and dynamics of the WOT after 9/11. It then compares the perceived shifting criteria for ODA disbursements from 1970 to 2005, assessing the emergence or otherwise of a new securitization and politicization of aid. It also analyses the extent to which there have been geographical shifts in the allocation of aid, and how what …
An Overview Of The Ghana Police Service, Emmanuel Aning
An Overview Of The Ghana Police Service, Emmanuel Aning
Emmanuel Kwesi Aning
This paper is divided into five sections (chapters). First, it starts with a general historical overview of the force in terms of its origins and development. Second, is an outline of the structural development, growth and expansion of the service from its inception in the colonial period until 2001. Since the Police Service is one of the regulating arms of government, it would be useful and appropriate to review the legislative, constitutional and other legal instruments regulating the service. In an earlier paragraph, it was posited that while different governments seeking to examine the service and correct any problems and …