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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Keyword
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- Pigeons (7)
- Key peck (6)
- Stimulus classes (6)
- Successive matching (6)
- Stimulus equivalence (4)
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- Reflexivity (3)
- Associative symmetry (2)
- COVIS (2)
- Death acceptance (2)
- Ingestive behavior (2)
- Life extension (2)
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (2)
- Parkinson’s disease (2)
- 3D symmetry; 3D recovery; 3D shape; degenerate views; human perception (1)
- Achievement (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Agent (1)
- Alcohol; breast cancer risk factor; EGF receptor; matrix metalloprotease (1)
- Analytic flexibility (1)
- Anti-symmetry (1)
- Antisymmetry (1)
- Associative concepts (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behavioral assessment (1)
- Behavioral observation (1)
- CLARION. (1)
- COVIS. (1)
- Cancer Prevention (1)
- Categorization (1)
- Cognitive architecture (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Quandary Of Covarying: A Brief Review And Empirical Examination Of Covariate Use In Structural Neuroimaging Studies On Psychological Variables, Courtland Hyatt, Max M. Owens, Michael L. Crowe, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller
The Quandary Of Covarying: A Brief Review And Empirical Examination Of Covariate Use In Structural Neuroimaging Studies On Psychological Variables, Courtland Hyatt, Max M. Owens, Michael L. Crowe, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although covarying for potential confounds or nuisance variables is common in psychological research, relatively little is known about how the inclusion of covariates may influence the relations between psychological variables and indices of brain structure. In Part 1 of the current study, we conducted a descriptive review of relevant articles from the past two years of NeuroImage in order to identify the most commonly used covariates in work of this nature. Age, sex, and intracranial volume were found to be the most commonly used covariates, although the number of covariates used ranged from 0 to 14, with 37 different covariate …
Why Social Pain Can Live On: Different Neural Mechanisms Are Associated With Reliving Social And Physical Pain, Meghan L. Meyer, Kipling D. Williams, Naomi I. Eisenberger
Why Social Pain Can Live On: Different Neural Mechanisms Are Associated With Reliving Social And Physical Pain, Meghan L. Meyer, Kipling D. Williams, Naomi I. Eisenberger
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although social and physical pain recruit overlapping neural activity in regions associated with the affective component of pain, the two pains can diverge in their phenomenology. Most notably, feelings of social pain can be re-experienced or "relived," even when the painful episode has long passed, whereas feelings of physical pain cannot be easily relived once the painful episode subsides. Here, we observed that reliving social (vs. physical) pain led to greater self-reported re-experienced pain and greater activity in affective pain regions (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula). Moreover, the degree of relived pain correlated positively with affective pain system …
Reduced Intestinal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Vagal Sensory Innervation Of The Intestine And Enhances Satiation, Jessica E. Biddinger, Edward A. Fox
Reduced Intestinal Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Vagal Sensory Innervation Of The Intestine And Enhances Satiation, Jessica E. Biddinger, Edward A. Fox
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is produced by developing and mature gastrointestinal (GI) tissues that are heavily innervated by autonomic neurons and may therefore control their development or function. To begin investigating this hypothesis, we compared the morphology, distribution, and density of intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs), the predominant vagal GI afferent, in mice with reduced intestinal BDNF (INT-BDNF_/_) and controls. Contrary to expectations of reduced development, IGLE density and longitudinal axon bundle number in the intestine of INT-BDNF_/_ mice were increased, but stomach IGLEs were normal. INT-BDNF_/_ mice also exhibited increased vagal sensory neuron numbers, suggesting that their survival was enhanced. …
Associative Concept Learning In Animals, Thomas R. Zentall, Edward A. Wasserman, Peter J. Urcuioli
Associative Concept Learning In Animals, Thomas R. Zentall, Edward A. Wasserman, Peter J. Urcuioli
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Nonhuman animals show evidence for three types of concept learning: perceptual or similarity-based in which objects/stimuli are categorized based on physical similarity; relational in which one object/stimulus is categorized relative to another (e.g., same/different); and associative in which arbitrary stimuli become interchangeable with one another by virtue of a common association with another stimulus, outcome, or response. In this article, we focus on various methods for establishing associative concepts in nonhuman animals and evaluate data documenting the development of associative classes of stimuli. We also examine the nature of the common within-class representation of samples that have been associated with …
Concurrent Identity Training Is Not Necessary For Associative Symmetry In Successive Matching, Heloísa Cursi Campos, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Concurrent Identity Training Is Not Necessary For Associative Symmetry In Successive Matching, Heloísa Cursi Campos, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Pigeons demonstrate associative symmetry after successive matching training on one arbitrary and two identity relations (e.g., Urcuioli, 2008). Here, we tested whether identity matching training is necessary for this emergent effect. In Experiment 1, one group of pigeons (Dual Oddity) learned hue-form arbitrary matching and two oddity relations which shared sample and comparison elements with the arbitrary relations. A second (Control) group learned the same hue-form matching task and a second (form-hue) arbitrary task which, together with hue oddity, shared only the samples with the hue-form relations. On subsequent symmetry probe trials, four Dual Oddity pigeons exhibited higher probe-trial response …
Treating Diet - Induced Obesity: A New Role For Vagal Afferents?, Edward A. Fox
Treating Diet - Induced Obesity: A New Role For Vagal Afferents?, Edward A. Fox
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Conceptual Changes To The Definition Of Borderline Personality Disorder Proposed For Dsm-5, Douglas B. Samuel, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger, Donald R. Lynam, Paul A. Pilkonis, Samuel A. Ball
Conceptual Changes To The Definition Of Borderline Personality Disorder Proposed For Dsm-5, Douglas B. Samuel, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger, Donald R. Lynam, Paul A. Pilkonis, Samuel A. Ball
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
The DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group proposed the elimination of diagnostic criterion sets in favor of a prototype matching system that defines personality disorders using narrative descriptions. Although some research supports this general approach, no empirical studies have yet examined the specific definitions proposed for DSM-5. Given the wide interest in borderline personality disorder (BPD), it is crucial to determine how this methodological shift might affect the content and conceptualization of the diagnosis. Eighty-two experts on BPD provided ratings of the DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 version of BPD in terms of 37 traits proposed for DSM-5. Analyses revealed significant …
A Five-Factor Measure Of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Ashley D.B. Riddell, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger
A Five-Factor Measure Of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Ashley D.B. Riddell, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller, Thomas A. Widiger
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
The current study provides convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity data for the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI), a newly-developed measure of traits relevant to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) from the perspective of the five-factor model (FFM). Twelve scales were constructed as maladaptive variants of specific FFM facets (e.g., Perfectionism as a maladaptive variant of FFM competence). On the basis of data from 407 undergraduates (oversampled for OCPD symptoms) these 12 scales demonstrated convergent correlations with established measures of OCPD and the FFM. Further, they obtained strong discriminant validity with respect to facets from other FFM domains. Most importantly, the individual scales …
An Expert Consensus Approach To Relating The Proposed Dsm-5 Types And Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Donald R. Lynam, Thomas A. Widiger, Samuel A. Ball
An Expert Consensus Approach To Relating The Proposed Dsm-5 Types And Traits., Douglas B. Samuel, Donald R. Lynam, Thomas A. Widiger, Samuel A. Ball
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although personality disorders (PDs) have been defined categorically throughout the history of psychiatric nomenclatures, the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group proposed a substantial shift to a dimensional conceptualization and diagnosis of personality pathology. This proposal included the adoption of a trait model with 37 specific traits that fell within six higher-order domains. In addition, they specified that half of the current diagnoses be recast as types defined by narrative description, with the other half deleted. Instead, the deleted categories would be diagnosed through ratings on specifically assigned traits. The Work Group also specified a number of traits that …
Early Postnatal Overnutrition: Potential Roles Of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Edward A. Fox, Jessica E. Biddinger
Early Postnatal Overnutrition: Potential Roles Of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Edward A. Fox, Jessica E. Biddinger
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Early postnatal overnutrition: Potential roles of gastrointestinal vagal afferents and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. PHYSIOL BEHAV 00(0) 000-000, 2012. Abnormal perinatal nutrition (APN) results in a predisposition to develop obesity and the metabolic syndrome and thus may contribute to the prevalence of these disorders. Obesity, including that which develops in organisms exposed to APN, has been associated with increased meal size. Vagal afferents of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contribute to regulation of meal size by transmitting satiation signals from gut-to-brain. Consequently, APN could increase meal size by altering this signaling, possibly through changes in expression of factors that control vagal afferent …
Emergent Identity Matching After Successive Matching Training Ii: Reflexivity Or Transitivity?, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Emergent Identity Matching After Successive Matching Training Ii: Reflexivity Or Transitivity?, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Three experiments evaluated whether the apparent reflexivity effect reported by Sweeney and Urcuioli (2010) for pigeons might, in fact, be transitivity. In Experiment 1, pigeons learned symmetrically reinforced hue-form (A-B) and form-hue (B-A) successive matching. Those also trained on form-form (B-B) matching responded more to hue comparisons that matched their preceding samples on subsequent hue-hue (A-A) probe trials. By contrast, most pigeons trained on just A-B and B-A matching did not show this effect; but some did – a finding consistent with transitivity. Experiment 2 showed that the latter pigeons also responded more to form comparisons that matched their preceding …
A Replication And Extension Of The Anti-Symmetry Effect In Pigeons, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
A Replication And Extension Of The Anti-Symmetry Effect In Pigeons, Peter J. Urcuioli, Melissa Swisher
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Pigeons trained on successive AB symbolic matching show emergent BA anti-symmetry if they are also trained on successive AA oddity and BB identity (Urcuioli, 2008, Experiment 4). In other words, when tested on BA probe trials following training, they respond more to the comparisons on the reverse of the non-reinforced AB baseline trials than on the reverse of the reinforced AB baseline trials (the opposite of an associative symmetry pattern). The present experiment replicated this finding. In addition, it showed that anti-symmetry also emerged after baseline training on successive AB symbolic matching, AA identity, and BB oddity, consistent with the …
Learning And Transfer Of Category Knowledge In An Indirect Categorization Task, Sebastien Helie, F Gregory Ashby
Learning And Transfer Of Category Knowledge In An Indirect Categorization Task, Sebastien Helie, F Gregory Ashby
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Knowledge representations acquired during category learning experiments are ‘tuned’ to the task goal. A useful paradigm to study category representations is indirect category learning. In the present article, we propose a new indirect categorization task called the “Same” – “Different” categorization task. The same-different categorization task is a regular same-different task, but the question asked to the participants is about the stimulus category membership instead of stimulus identity. Experiment 1 explores the possibility of indirectly learning rule-based and information-integration category structures using the new paradigm. The results suggest that there is little learning about the category structures resulting from an …
A Neurocomputational Account Of Cognitive Deficits In Parkinson's Disease, Sébastien Hélie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
A Neurocomputational Account Of Cognitive Deficits In Parkinson's Disease, Sébastien Hélie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by the accelerated death of dopamine (DA) producing neurons. Numerous studies documenting cognitive deficits of PD patients have revealed impairments in a variety of tasks related to memory, learning, visuospatial skills, and attention. While there have been several studies documenting cognitive deficits of PD patients, very few computational models have been proposed. In this article, we use the COVIS model of category learning to simulate DA depletion and show that the model suffers from cognitive symptoms similar to those of human participants affected by PD. Specifically, DA depletion in COVIS produced deficits in rule-based categorization, …
Simulating The Effect Of Dopamine Imbalance On Cognition: From Positive Affect To Parkinson's Disease, Sebastien Helie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
Simulating The Effect Of Dopamine Imbalance On Cognition: From Positive Affect To Parkinson's Disease, Sebastien Helie, Erick J. Paul, F Gregory Ashby
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cools (2006) suggested that prefrontal dopamine levels are related to cognitive stability whereas striatal dopamine levels are related to cognitive plasticity. With such a wide ranging role, almost all cognitive activities should be affected by dopamine levels in the brain. Not surprisingly, factors influencing brain dopamine levels have been shown to improve/worsen performance in many behavioral experiments. On the one hand, Nadler and his colleagues (2010) showed that positive affect (which is thought to increase cortical dopamine levels) improves a type of categorization that depends on explicit reasoning (rule-based) but not a type that depends on procedural learning (informationintegration). On …
Psychologically Realistic Cognitive Agents: Taking Human Cognition Seriously, Ron Sun, Sebastien Helie
Psychologically Realistic Cognitive Agents: Taking Human Cognition Seriously, Ron Sun, Sebastien Helie
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cognitive architectures may serve as a good basis for building mind/brain-inspired, psychologically realistic cognitive agents for various applications that require or prefer human-like behavior and performance. This article explores a well-established cognitive architecture CLARION and shows how its behavior and performance capture human psychology at a detailed level. The model captures many psychological quasi-laws concerning categorization, induction, uncertain reasoning, decision-making, and so on, which indicates human-like characteristics beyond what other models have been shown capable of. Thus, CLARION constitutes an advance in developing more psychologically realistic cognitive agents.
Implementation Intentions Increase Parent-Teacher Communication Among Latinos, Ximena Arriaga, Zayra Longoria
Implementation Intentions Increase Parent-Teacher Communication Among Latinos, Ximena Arriaga, Zayra Longoria
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
This research tested an implementation intentions intervention to increase parent-teacher communication among Latino parents of young children. Parents (n=57) were randomly assigned to form implementation intentions or simply goal intentions to communicate with their child’s teacher. They completed measures of communication and goal intentions immediately prior to the manipulation, and after the manipulation for 6 consecutive weeks. Implementation intentions increased parent-teacher communication among parents with higher initial (pre-manipulation) goal intentions, but not among those with lower initial goal intentions. The findings support existing work on the conditions for implementation intentions to work, and address an important aspect of Latino children’s …
Contending With Foreign Accent Variability In Early Lexical Acquisition., Rachel Schmale, George Hollich, Amanda Seidl
Contending With Foreign Accent Variability In Early Lexical Acquisition., Rachel Schmale, George Hollich, Amanda Seidl
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
By their second birthday, children are beginning to map meaning to form with relative ease. One challenge for these developing abilities is separating information relevant to word identity (i.e. phonemic information) from irrelevant information (e.g. voice and foreign accent). Nevertheless, little is known about toddlers’ abilities to ignore irrelevant phonetic detail when faced with the demanding task of word learning. In an experiment with English-learning toddlers, we examined the impact of foreign accent on word learning. Findings revealed that while toddlers aged 2; 6 successfully generalized newly learned words spoken by a Spanish-accented speaker and a native English speaker, success …
Relationship Commitment And Perceptions Of Harm To Self, Christopher Agnew, Natalie Dove
Relationship Commitment And Perceptions Of Harm To Self, Christopher Agnew, Natalie Dove
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Commitment to a relationship is associated with a number of consequences, including willingness to sacrifice for the relationship, greater cognitive interdependence between partners, and increased trust in one’s partner. Consistent with such consequences, we hypothesized that greater commitment is associated with decreased perceptions of one’s partner as a source of harm to the self. We conducted two studies (one correlational, one experimental) to test hypotheses regarding the association between commitment level and personal harm perceptions, based on tenets from interdependence theory and balance theory. Study 1 revealed significant negative associations between commitment and personal harm perceptions. Results from Study 2 …
Religious And Non-Religious Spirituality In Relation To Death Acceptance Or Rejection, Victor G. Cicirelli
Religious And Non-Religious Spirituality In Relation To Death Acceptance Or Rejection, Victor G. Cicirelli
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Meanings of religious and non-religious spirituality are explored, with implications for death acceptance, death rejection, and life extension. In the first of two exploratory studies, 16 elders low on intrinsic religiosity were compared with 116 elders high in religiosity; they differed both in qualitative responses and on death attitudes. In the second, 48 elders were assessed on religious and non-religious spirituality, and compared on attitudes toward death rejection, life extension, and death acceptance. Conclusions were that a sizable minority of elders hold non-religious spirituality beliefs, and these beliefs are related to greater acceptance of life extension and death rejection.
Integrating Personality Disorder With Basic Personality Science., Douglas B. Samuel
Integrating Personality Disorder With Basic Personality Science., Douglas B. Samuel
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
An editorial comment on Kendler K, Meyers J, Reichborn-Kjennerud T “Borderline personality disorder traits and their relationship with dimensions of normative personality: A web-based cohort and twin study”
Assessing Personality In The Dsm-5: The Utility Of Bipolar Constructs., Douglas B. Samuel
Assessing Personality In The Dsm-5: The Utility Of Bipolar Constructs., Douglas B. Samuel
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
All previous editions of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) have described and assessed personality solely in terms of pathological categories. Nonetheless, there is compelling evidence that normal-range personality traits also provide clinically useful information, emphasizing the importance of thoroughly assessing both adaptive and maladaptive aspects of personality within a clinical context. The proposed inclusion of a dimensional trait model in the upcoming DSM-5 represents an important shift in the understanding of personality pathology and provides an ideal opportunity to integrate the assessment of normal personality into clinical practice. Building upon research conceptualizing personality …
Comparing The Temporal Stability Of Self-Report And Interview Assessed Personality Disorder., Douglas B. Samuel, Christopher J. Hopwood, Emily B. Ansell, Leslie C. Morey, Charles A. Sanislow, John C. Markowitz, Shirley Yen, M Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo
Comparing The Temporal Stability Of Self-Report And Interview Assessed Personality Disorder., Douglas B. Samuel, Christopher J. Hopwood, Emily B. Ansell, Leslie C. Morey, Charles A. Sanislow, John C. Markowitz, Shirley Yen, M Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Findings from several large-scale, longitudinal studies over the last decade have challenged the long held assumption that personality disorders (PDs) are stable and enduring. However, the findings, including those from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS; Gunderson et al., 2000), rely primarily upon results from semistructured interviews. As a result, less is known about the stability of PD scores from self-report questionnaires, which differ from interviews in important ways (e.g., source of the ratings, item development, and instrument length) that might increase temporal stability. The current study directly compared the stability of the DSM-IV PD constructs assessed via the …
Conscientiousness And Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, Douglas B. Samuel, Thomas A. Widiger
Conscientiousness And Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, Douglas B. Samuel, Thomas A. Widiger
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
A dimensional perspective on personality disorder hypothesizes that the current diagnostic categories represent maladaptive variants of general personality traits. However, a fundamental foundation of this viewpoint is that dimensional models can adequately account for the pathology currently described by these categories. While most of the personality disorders have well established links to dimensional models that buttress this hypothesis, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) has obtained only inconsistent support. The current study administered multiple measures of 1) conscientiousness-related personality traits, 2) DSM-IV OCPD, and 3) specific components of OCPD (e.g., compulsivity and perfectionism) to a sample of 536 undergraduates who were oversampled …
Personality Disorders And Retention In A Therapeutic Community For Substance Dependence, Douglas B. Samuel, Donna M. Lapaglia, Lisa M. Maccarelli, Brent A. Moore, Samuel A. Ball
Personality Disorders And Retention In A Therapeutic Community For Substance Dependence, Douglas B. Samuel, Donna M. Lapaglia, Lisa M. Maccarelli, Brent A. Moore, Samuel A. Ball
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although therapeutic community (TC) treatment is a promising intervention for substance use disorders, a primary obstacle to successful treatment is premature attrition. Because of their prevalence within substance use treatment facilities, personality disorder (PD) diagnoses have been examined as predictors of treatment completion. Prior research on TC outcomes has focused almost exclusively on antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and the results have been mixed. The current study extends previous research by examining the impact of the 10 Axis II PDs on early (first 30 day) attrition as well as overall time to dropout in a 9-month residential TC. Survival analyses indicated …
May-December Paradoxes: An Exploration Of Age-Gap Relationships In Western Society, Justin Lehmiller, Christopher Agnew
May-December Paradoxes: An Exploration Of Age-Gap Relationships In Western Society, Justin Lehmiller, Christopher Agnew
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Investment Model Of Commitment Processes, Caryl E. Rusbult, Christopher Agnew, Ximena Arriaga
The Investment Model Of Commitment Processes, Caryl E. Rusbult, Christopher Agnew, Ximena Arriaga
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
The investment model of commitment processes is rooted in interdependence theory and emerged from the broader scientific zeitgeist of the 1960s and 1970s that sought to understand seemingly irrational persistence in social behavior. The investment model was developed originally to move social psychology beyond focusing only on positive affect in predicting persistence in a close interpersonal relationship. As originally tested, the investment model holds that commitment to a target is influenced by three independent factors: satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Commitment, in turn, is posited to mediate the effects of these three bases of dependence on behavior, …
Cancer Prevention Interdisciplinary Education Program At Purdue University: Overview And Preliminary Results, D. Teegarden, Ji-Yeon Lee, Omolola A. Adedokun, Amy Childress, Loran C. Parker, Wilella D. Burgess, Julie Nagel, Deborah W. Knapp, Sophie A. Lelievre, Christopher Agnew, Cleveland G. Shields, James F. Leary, Robin Adams, Jakob D. Jensen
Cancer Prevention Interdisciplinary Education Program At Purdue University: Overview And Preliminary Results, D. Teegarden, Ji-Yeon Lee, Omolola A. Adedokun, Amy Childress, Loran C. Parker, Wilella D. Burgess, Julie Nagel, Deborah W. Knapp, Sophie A. Lelievre, Christopher Agnew, Cleveland G. Shields, James F. Leary, Robin Adams, Jakob D. Jensen
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cancer prevention is a broad field that crosses many disciplines; therefore, educational efforts to enhance cancer prevention research focused on interdisciplinary approaches to the field are greatly needed. In order to hasten progress in cancer prevention research, the Cancer Prevention Internship Program (CPIP) at Purdue University was designed to develop and test an interdisciplinary curriculum for undergraduate and graduate students. The hypothesis was that course curriculum specific to introducing interdisciplinary concepts in cancer prevention would increase student interest in and ability to pursue advanced educational opportunities (e.g., graduate school, medical school). Preliminary results from the evaluation of the first year …
Elders’ Attitudes Toward Extending The Healthy Life Span, Victor G. Cicirelli
Elders’ Attitudes Toward Extending The Healthy Life Span, Victor G. Cicirelli
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Despite continuing debate between anti-aging researchers seeking major life span extension and concerned gerontologists and bioethicists, elders’ views have received little research attention. Study aimed to relate elders’ attitudes toward strong life span extension to psychosocial and background factors. Participants were 109 American elders (65% women) aged 60-99 (M = 77.08, SD = 9.05). Measures included attitudes toward living long and living forever, Desired Age, Death Acceptance, Goal Seeking, Internality, and background variables (age, gender, marital status, education, religion, health). Attitudes were more positive toward an extended life span than living forever (p < .01). In regression analyses, more positive attitudes were related to greater Desired Age, less Death Acceptance, greater Goal Seeking, and greater Internality, and to lower age and non-Christian religious affiliation. Qualitative analyses explored goals for various periods of additional life. Elders’ positive attitudes toward extended life need consideration by experts debating this issue.
Multiplicatively Interacting Factors Selectively Influencing Parameters In Multiple Response Class Processing And Rate Trees, Richard Schweickert, Zhuangzhuang Xi
Multiplicatively Interacting Factors Selectively Influencing Parameters In Multiple Response Class Processing And Rate Trees, Richard Schweickert, Zhuangzhuang Xi
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Evidence in many experiments indicates that the processes involved in producing responses are arranged in a tree structure. Evidence often indicates further that an experimental factor, such as item similarity, changes a single parameter, leaving others invariant. In typical studies, a few tree structures are hypothesized a priori, and tested by goodness of fit. With the method of Tree Inference, a tree is constructed by examining the data to see if patterns occur that are predicted when two factors selectively influence different processes (Schweickert & Chen, 2008). The patterns can reveal, for example, whether selectively influenced processes are executed in …