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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Keyword
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- Death acceptance (2)
- Life extension (2)
- 3D (1)
- 3D symmetry; 3D recovery; 3D shape; degenerate views; human perception (1)
- Achievement (1)
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- Binge drinking (1)
- Cancer Prevention (1)
- Civil aviation (1)
- Collegiate aviaation (1)
- Compulsivity (1)
- Conscientiousness (1)
- Consistency (1)
- Coping (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Death rejection (1)
- Depth Cue (1)
- Generalized identity (1)
- Goal seeking (1)
- Graduate (1)
- Hobo syndrome (1)
- Implementation intentions; goals; parent involvement; Latinos (1)
- Interdisciplinary (1)
- Internality (1)
- Interview. (1)
- Key peck (1)
- Latent class analysis (1)
- Longitudinal (1)
- Multinomial processing trees (1)
- Multiplicative factors method (1)
- Non-religious spirituality (1)
Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Implementation Intentions Increase Parent-Teacher Communication Among Latinos, Ximena Arriaga, Zayra Longoria
Implementation Intentions Increase Parent-Teacher Communication Among Latinos, Ximena Arriaga, Zayra Longoria
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
This research tested an implementation intentions intervention to increase parent-teacher communication among Latino parents of young children. Parents (n=57) were randomly assigned to form implementation intentions or simply goal intentions to communicate with their child’s teacher. They completed measures of communication and goal intentions immediately prior to the manipulation, and after the manipulation for 6 consecutive weeks. Implementation intentions increased parent-teacher communication among parents with higher initial (pre-manipulation) goal intentions, but not among those with lower initial goal intentions. The findings support existing work on the conditions for implementation intentions to work, and address an important aspect of Latino children’s …
Contending With Foreign Accent Variability In Early Lexical Acquisition., Rachel Schmale, George Hollich, Amanda Seidl
Contending With Foreign Accent Variability In Early Lexical Acquisition., Rachel Schmale, George Hollich, Amanda Seidl
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
By their second birthday, children are beginning to map meaning to form with relative ease. One challenge for these developing abilities is separating information relevant to word identity (i.e. phonemic information) from irrelevant information (e.g. voice and foreign accent). Nevertheless, little is known about toddlers’ abilities to ignore irrelevant phonetic detail when faced with the demanding task of word learning. In an experiment with English-learning toddlers, we examined the impact of foreign accent on word learning. Findings revealed that while toddlers aged 2; 6 successfully generalized newly learned words spoken by a Spanish-accented speaker and a native English speaker, success …
Stereoscopic Vision's Impact On Spatial Ability Testing, George Takahashi
Stereoscopic Vision's Impact On Spatial Ability Testing, George Takahashi
Purdue Polytechnic Masters Theses
A look into spatial ability testing tools and the variations that past researchers made to focus on key factors that affect test scores, will demonstrate the need for tuning traditional testing methods to accommodate a wider demographic and provide more accurate results. Due to technological limitations of the time, a large variety of past spatial tests were developed by hand-drawings. Within this research, the addition of stereoscopic vision is analyzed to determine the value of said changes on human perception of spatial entities.
The Digital Migration Of Research Dissemination In Aviation Psychology Disciplines, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Bowen, Henry R. Lehrer Ph.D., John H. Mott, Charles Watkinson, Mark P. Newton, Jennifer Kirschner
The Digital Migration Of Research Dissemination In Aviation Psychology Disciplines, Brent D. Bowen, Erin E. Bowen, Henry R. Lehrer Ph.D., John H. Mott, Charles Watkinson, Mark P. Newton, Jennifer Kirschner
Aviation Technology Faculty and Staff Publications
Innovations in research dissemination have emerged over the last decade in the movement toward on-line digital materials and distribution by increasingly environmentally-friendly processes. The access to scholarship has often been limited to major research organizations capable of funding subscriptions that have escalated to prohibitive values. Demonstrated herein is a model for world-wide Open Access to the latest contributions to the foundations of our discipline. The development of a systemic process to cross boundaries so that overall progress can result through the integration of research and industry practice at the individual level is provided. The foundational relationships and targeted outcomes are …
The Stress Coping Skills Of Undergraduate Collegiate Aviators, Jennifer Kirschner
The Stress Coping Skills Of Undergraduate Collegiate Aviators, Jennifer Kirschner
Purdue Polytechnic Masters Theses
An important human factors research interest area is error reduction. Although pilots placed in highly stressful situations have an increased chance of making errors, they use coping skills to lower their stress level and reduce the likelihood of errors. Typically, coping skills are conceptually separated into three different types: active coping skills which attack and change the situation to make it inherently less stressful, emotionfocused coping skills which use discussion or thinking about the situation in a different way to diminish the negative emotional reaction associated with the stressful situation, and avoidant coping skills which allow one to mentally and/or …
Relationship Commitment And Perceptions Of Harm To Self, Christopher Agnew, Natalie Dove
Relationship Commitment And Perceptions Of Harm To Self, Christopher Agnew, Natalie Dove
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Commitment to a relationship is associated with a number of consequences, including willingness to sacrifice for the relationship, greater cognitive interdependence between partners, and increased trust in one’s partner. Consistent with such consequences, we hypothesized that greater commitment is associated with decreased perceptions of one’s partner as a source of harm to the self. We conducted two studies (one correlational, one experimental) to test hypotheses regarding the association between commitment level and personal harm perceptions, based on tenets from interdependence theory and balance theory. Study 1 revealed significant negative associations between commitment and personal harm perceptions. Results from Study 2 …
Religious And Non-Religious Spirituality In Relation To Death Acceptance Or Rejection, Victor G. Cicirelli
Religious And Non-Religious Spirituality In Relation To Death Acceptance Or Rejection, Victor G. Cicirelli
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Meanings of religious and non-religious spirituality are explored, with implications for death acceptance, death rejection, and life extension. In the first of two exploratory studies, 16 elders low on intrinsic religiosity were compared with 116 elders high in religiosity; they differed both in qualitative responses and on death attitudes. In the second, 48 elders were assessed on religious and non-religious spirituality, and compared on attitudes toward death rejection, life extension, and death acceptance. Conclusions were that a sizable minority of elders hold non-religious spirituality beliefs, and these beliefs are related to greater acceptance of life extension and death rejection.
Integrating Personality Disorder With Basic Personality Science., Douglas B. Samuel
Integrating Personality Disorder With Basic Personality Science., Douglas B. Samuel
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
An editorial comment on Kendler K, Meyers J, Reichborn-Kjennerud T “Borderline personality disorder traits and their relationship with dimensions of normative personality: A web-based cohort and twin study”
Assessing Personality In The Dsm-5: The Utility Of Bipolar Constructs., Douglas B. Samuel
Assessing Personality In The Dsm-5: The Utility Of Bipolar Constructs., Douglas B. Samuel
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
All previous editions of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) have described and assessed personality solely in terms of pathological categories. Nonetheless, there is compelling evidence that normal-range personality traits also provide clinically useful information, emphasizing the importance of thoroughly assessing both adaptive and maladaptive aspects of personality within a clinical context. The proposed inclusion of a dimensional trait model in the upcoming DSM-5 represents an important shift in the understanding of personality pathology and provides an ideal opportunity to integrate the assessment of normal personality into clinical practice. Building upon research conceptualizing personality …
Comparing The Temporal Stability Of Self-Report And Interview Assessed Personality Disorder., Douglas B. Samuel, Christopher J. Hopwood, Emily B. Ansell, Leslie C. Morey, Charles A. Sanislow, John C. Markowitz, Shirley Yen, M Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo
Comparing The Temporal Stability Of Self-Report And Interview Assessed Personality Disorder., Douglas B. Samuel, Christopher J. Hopwood, Emily B. Ansell, Leslie C. Morey, Charles A. Sanislow, John C. Markowitz, Shirley Yen, M Tracie Shea, Andrew E. Skodol, Carlos M. Grilo
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Findings from several large-scale, longitudinal studies over the last decade have challenged the long held assumption that personality disorders (PDs) are stable and enduring. However, the findings, including those from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS; Gunderson et al., 2000), rely primarily upon results from semistructured interviews. As a result, less is known about the stability of PD scores from self-report questionnaires, which differ from interviews in important ways (e.g., source of the ratings, item development, and instrument length) that might increase temporal stability. The current study directly compared the stability of the DSM-IV PD constructs assessed via the …
Conscientiousness And Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, Douglas B. Samuel, Thomas A. Widiger
Conscientiousness And Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder, Douglas B. Samuel, Thomas A. Widiger
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
A dimensional perspective on personality disorder hypothesizes that the current diagnostic categories represent maladaptive variants of general personality traits. However, a fundamental foundation of this viewpoint is that dimensional models can adequately account for the pathology currently described by these categories. While most of the personality disorders have well established links to dimensional models that buttress this hypothesis, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) has obtained only inconsistent support. The current study administered multiple measures of 1) conscientiousness-related personality traits, 2) DSM-IV OCPD, and 3) specific components of OCPD (e.g., compulsivity and perfectionism) to a sample of 536 undergraduates who were oversampled …
Personality Disorders And Retention In A Therapeutic Community For Substance Dependence, Douglas B. Samuel, Donna M. Lapaglia, Lisa M. Maccarelli, Brent A. Moore, Samuel A. Ball
Personality Disorders And Retention In A Therapeutic Community For Substance Dependence, Douglas B. Samuel, Donna M. Lapaglia, Lisa M. Maccarelli, Brent A. Moore, Samuel A. Ball
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although therapeutic community (TC) treatment is a promising intervention for substance use disorders, a primary obstacle to successful treatment is premature attrition. Because of their prevalence within substance use treatment facilities, personality disorder (PD) diagnoses have been examined as predictors of treatment completion. Prior research on TC outcomes has focused almost exclusively on antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and the results have been mixed. The current study extends previous research by examining the impact of the 10 Axis II PDs on early (first 30 day) attrition as well as overall time to dropout in a 9-month residential TC. Survival analyses indicated …
May-December Paradoxes: An Exploration Of Age-Gap Relationships In Western Society, Justin Lehmiller, Christopher Agnew
May-December Paradoxes: An Exploration Of Age-Gap Relationships In Western Society, Justin Lehmiller, Christopher Agnew
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Investment Model Of Commitment Processes, Caryl E. Rusbult, Christopher Agnew, Ximena Arriaga
The Investment Model Of Commitment Processes, Caryl E. Rusbult, Christopher Agnew, Ximena Arriaga
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
The investment model of commitment processes is rooted in interdependence theory and emerged from the broader scientific zeitgeist of the 1960s and 1970s that sought to understand seemingly irrational persistence in social behavior. The investment model was developed originally to move social psychology beyond focusing only on positive affect in predicting persistence in a close interpersonal relationship. As originally tested, the investment model holds that commitment to a target is influenced by three independent factors: satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Commitment, in turn, is posited to mediate the effects of these three bases of dependence on behavior, …
Cancer Prevention Interdisciplinary Education Program At Purdue University: Overview And Preliminary Results, D. Teegarden, Ji-Yeon Lee, Omolola A. Adedokun, Amy Childress, Loran C. Parker, Wilella D. Burgess, Julie Nagel, Deborah W. Knapp, Sophie A. Lelievre, Christopher Agnew, Cleveland G. Shields, James F. Leary, Robin Adams, Jakob D. Jensen
Cancer Prevention Interdisciplinary Education Program At Purdue University: Overview And Preliminary Results, D. Teegarden, Ji-Yeon Lee, Omolola A. Adedokun, Amy Childress, Loran C. Parker, Wilella D. Burgess, Julie Nagel, Deborah W. Knapp, Sophie A. Lelievre, Christopher Agnew, Cleveland G. Shields, James F. Leary, Robin Adams, Jakob D. Jensen
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cancer prevention is a broad field that crosses many disciplines; therefore, educational efforts to enhance cancer prevention research focused on interdisciplinary approaches to the field are greatly needed. In order to hasten progress in cancer prevention research, the Cancer Prevention Internship Program (CPIP) at Purdue University was designed to develop and test an interdisciplinary curriculum for undergraduate and graduate students. The hypothesis was that course curriculum specific to introducing interdisciplinary concepts in cancer prevention would increase student interest in and ability to pursue advanced educational opportunities (e.g., graduate school, medical school). Preliminary results from the evaluation of the first year …
Elders’ Attitudes Toward Extending The Healthy Life Span, Victor G. Cicirelli
Elders’ Attitudes Toward Extending The Healthy Life Span, Victor G. Cicirelli
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Despite continuing debate between anti-aging researchers seeking major life span extension and concerned gerontologists and bioethicists, elders’ views have received little research attention. Study aimed to relate elders’ attitudes toward strong life span extension to psychosocial and background factors. Participants were 109 American elders (65% women) aged 60-99 (M = 77.08, SD = 9.05). Measures included attitudes toward living long and living forever, Desired Age, Death Acceptance, Goal Seeking, Internality, and background variables (age, gender, marital status, education, religion, health). Attitudes were more positive toward an extended life span than living forever (p < .01). In regression analyses, more positive attitudes were related to greater Desired Age, less Death Acceptance, greater Goal Seeking, and greater Internality, and to lower age and non-Christian religious affiliation. Qualitative analyses explored goals for various periods of additional life. Elders’ positive attitudes toward extended life need consideration by experts debating this issue.
Multiplicatively Interacting Factors Selectively Influencing Parameters In Multiple Response Class Processing And Rate Trees, Richard Schweickert, Zhuangzhuang Xi
Multiplicatively Interacting Factors Selectively Influencing Parameters In Multiple Response Class Processing And Rate Trees, Richard Schweickert, Zhuangzhuang Xi
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Evidence in many experiments indicates that the processes involved in producing responses are arranged in a tree structure. Evidence often indicates further that an experimental factor, such as item similarity, changes a single parameter, leaving others invariant. In typical studies, a few tree structures are hypothesized a priori, and tested by goodness of fit. With the method of Tree Inference, a tree is constructed by examining the data to see if patterns occur that are predicted when two factors selectively influence different processes (Schweickert & Chen, 2008). The patterns can reveal, for example, whether selectively influenced processes are executed in …
Any Pair Of 2d Curves Is Consistent With A 3d Symmetric Interpretation., Tadamasa Sawada, Yunfeng Li, Zygmunt Pizlo
Any Pair Of 2d Curves Is Consistent With A 3d Symmetric Interpretation., Tadamasa Sawada, Yunfeng Li, Zygmunt Pizlo
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Symmetry has been shown to be a very effective a priori constraint in solving a 3D shape recovery problem. Symmetry is useful in 3D recovery because it is a form of redundancy. There are, however, some fundamental limits to the effectiveness of symmetry. Specifically, given two arbitrary curves in a single 2D image, one can always find a 3D mirror-symmetric interpretation of these curves under quite general assumptions. The symmetric interpretation is unique under a perspective projection and there is a one parameter family of symmetric interpretations under an orthographic projection. We formally state and prove this observation for the …
Emergent Identity Matching After Successive Matching Training. I. Reflexivity Or Generalized Identity?, Peter J. Urcuioli
Emergent Identity Matching After Successive Matching Training. I. Reflexivity Or Generalized Identity?, Peter J. Urcuioli
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
This research investigated the source of an ostensible reflexivity effect in pigeons reported by Sweeney and Urcuioli (2010). In Experiment 1, pigeons learned two symmetrically reinforced symbolic successive matching tasks (hue-form and form-hue) using red-green and triangle-horizontal line stimuli. They differed in their third concurrently trained baseline task: form-form matching with stimuli appearing in the symbolic tasks (triangle and horizontal) for one group versus hue-hue matching with stimuli not appearing in the symbolic tasks (blue and white) for the other. During subsequent non-reinforced probe tests, all pigeons in the former group and most pigeons in the latter group responded more …
A Study Of Ghiselli’S Hobo Syndrome, Sang Eun Woo
A Study Of Ghiselli’S Hobo Syndrome, Sang Eun Woo
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
This study attempts to clarify conceptual and operational inconsistencies in the literature around “Ghiselli’s hobo syndrome.” I propose that defining characteristics of hobo syndrome should include both the exhibition of frequent job movement behavior and positive attitudes about such behavior. This definition effectively differentiates the construct from other similar phenomena associated with frequent job movement (e.g., job/career mobility, protean careers). Using latent class cluster analysis of a diverse sample of 944 U.S. workers, it was empirically validated that a small number of individuals resembling the proposed characteristics of hobos did emerge as a distinct group (N = 42), providing person-centered …
Action-Specific Effects Underwater, Jessica Witt, Donald M. Schuck, J Eric T. Taylor
Action-Specific Effects Underwater, Jessica Witt, Donald M. Schuck, J Eric T. Taylor
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Action-specific effects on perception are apparent in terrestrial environments. For example, targets that require more effort to walk, jump, or throw to look farther away than when the targets require less effort. Here, we examined whether action-specific effects would generalize to an underwater environment. Instead, perception might be geometrically precise, rather than action-specific, in an environment that is novel from an evolutionary perspective. We manipulated ease to swim by giving participants swimming flippers or taking them away. Those who estimated distance while wearing the flippers judged underwater targets to be closer than did participants who had taken them off. In …
When Walls Are No Longer Barriers: Perception Of Wall Height In Parkour, J Eric T. Taylor, Jessica Witt, Mila Sugovic
When Walls Are No Longer Barriers: Perception Of Wall Height In Parkour, J Eric T. Taylor, Jessica Witt, Mila Sugovic
Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications
Through training, skilled parkour athletes (traceurs) overcome everyday obstacles, such as walls, that are typically insurmountable. Traceurs and untrained novices estimated the height of walls and reported their anticipated ability to climb the wall. The traceurs perceived the walls as shorter than did novices. This result suggests that perception is scaled by the perceiver’s anticipated ability to act, and is consistent with the action-specific account of perception.