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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Purdue University

Psychology

2010

Articles 1 - 13 of 13

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Behavior And Behavior Assessment, Christopher Agnew, Janice Kelly May 2010

Behavior And Behavior Assessment, Christopher Agnew, Janice Kelly

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

This chapter addresses the questions of 1) what do we mean by “behavior” in personality and social psychology, and 2) how can we best assess social behavior. We define behavior as being observable and socially meaningful, but also discuss the dimensions on which behavior varies (e.g., intentional vs. habitual, discrete vs. continuous). We also discuss important variabilities in behavior as they relate to issues of measurement (e.g., behavioral frequency or desirability). For behavior assessment, we focus on some of the practical issues involved (e.g., choosing a coding system, selecting an observational setting), as well as how behavior assessment might intersect …

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Interdependent With Caryl Rusbult, Ximena Arriaga May 2010

Interdependent With Caryl Rusbult, Ximena Arriaga

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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“When Will Your Program Be Available In Spanish?" Adapting An Early Parenting Intervention For Latino Families, Jean E. Dumas, Ximena Arriaga, Angela Moreland Begle, Zayra Longoria May 2010

“When Will Your Program Be Available In Spanish?" Adapting An Early Parenting Intervention For Latino Families, Jean E. Dumas, Ximena Arriaga, Angela Moreland Begle, Zayra Longoria

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

This paper describes the Spanish adaptation of PACE – Parenting Our Children to Excellence. Successfully offered in preschools and daycare centers since 2002, PACE is a research-based preventive intervention to support families in their parenting task through discussions and activities that address practical childrearing issues and promote child coping-competence. Developed in response to community calls, the new program is known as CANNE –Criando a Nuestros Niños hacia el Éxito. The paper makes the processes linking original and adapted versions explicit by accounting for the conceptual and practical decisions that were made as CANNE was being developed. We begin by summarizing …

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Head Start: It Works For Indiana Children And Families!, Jennifer Dobbs-Oates, James Elicker, Volker Thomas Feb 2010

Head Start: It Works For Indiana Children And Families!, Jennifer Dobbs-Oates, James Elicker, Volker Thomas

Center for Families Publications

This technical report summarizes new and existing data to address the question, “Does Head Start work for Indiana children, families, and communities?” Data sources consulted in this study include the state Head Start Program Information Report, local Indiana Head Start and Early Head Start Programs, existing national studies of Head Start and Early Head Start, and local and national data available on children’s development in early care and education programs for low-income families. This report concludes that Indiana’s Early Head Start and Head Start programs are indeed providing substantial benefits to children, families, and communities. The report summarizes the outcomes …

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Meal Parameters And Vagal Gastrointestinal Afferents In Mice That Experienced Early Postnatal Overnutrition, Jessica Biddinger, Edward A. Fox Jan 2010

Meal Parameters And Vagal Gastrointestinal Afferents In Mice That Experienced Early Postnatal Overnutrition, Jessica Biddinger, Edward A. Fox

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Early postnatal overnutrition disrupts satiety without altering vagal gastrointestinal afferents. PHYSIOL BEHAV 00(0) 000-000, 2010. Early postnatal overnutrition results in a predisposition to develop obesity due in part to hypothalamic and sympathetic dysfunction. Potential involvement of another major regulatory system component - the vagus nerve - has not been examined. Moreover, feeding disturbances have rarely been investigated prior to development of obesity when confounds due to obesity are minimized. To examine these issues, litters were culled on the day of birth to create small litters (SL; overnutrition), or normal-size litters (NL; normal nutrition). Body weight, fat pad weight, meal patterns, …

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Associative Symmetry And Stimulus-Class Formation By Pigeons: The Role Of Non-Reinforced Baseline Relations, Peter J. Urcuioli Jan 2010

Associative Symmetry And Stimulus-Class Formation By Pigeons: The Role Of Non-Reinforced Baseline Relations, Peter J. Urcuioli

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Two experiments tested the assumption of Urcuioli’s (2008) theory of pigeons’ equivalence-class formation that consistent non-reinforcement of certain stimulus combinations in successive matching juxtaposed with consistent reinforcement of other combinations generates stimulus classes containing the elements of the reinforced combinations. In Experiment 1, pigeons were concurrently trained on symbolic (AB) and two identity (AA and BB) successive tasks in which half of all identity trials ended in non-reinforcement but all AB trials were reinforced, contingent upon either responding or not-responding to the comparisons. Subsequent symmetry (BA) probe trials showed evidence of symmetry in one of four pigeons. In Experiment 2, …

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Timing Is Affected By Demands In Memory Search But Not By Task Switching., Claudette Fortin, Richard Schweickert, Remi Gaudreault, Charles Viau-Quesnel Jan 2010

Timing Is Affected By Demands In Memory Search But Not By Task Switching., Claudette Fortin, Richard Schweickert, Remi Gaudreault, Charles Viau-Quesnel

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent studies suggest that timing and tasks involving executive control processes might require the same attentional resources. This should lead to interference when timing and executive tasks are executed concurrently. This study examines the interference between timing and task switching, an executive function. In four experiments, memory search and digit classification were performed successively in four conditions: search-search (search followed by search), search-digit, digit-search and digit-digit. In a control reaction-time condition, participants provided RT responses in each of the two tasks. In a time-production condition, an RT response was provided to the first stimulus, but the response to the second …

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Psychophysical Investigation Of The Effect Of Coring On Perceived Toner Scatter, Hyung Jun Park, Jan P. Allebach, Zygmunt Pizlo Jan 2010

Psychophysical Investigation Of The Effect Of Coring On Perceived Toner Scatter, Hyung Jun Park, Jan P. Allebach, Zygmunt Pizlo

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

The use of color electrophotographic (EP) laser printing systems is growing because of their declining cost. Thus, the print quality of color EP laser printers has become increasingly important. Since text and lines are indispensable to print quality, many studies have proposed methods for measuring these print quality attributes. Toner scatter caused by toner overdevelopment in color EP laser printers can significantly impact print quality. A conventional approach to reduce toner overdevelopment is to restrict the color gamut of printers. However, this can result in undesired color shifts and the introduction of halftone texture. Coring, defined as a process where …

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Reflexivity In Pigeons, Mary M. Sweeney, Peter J. Urcuioli Jan 2010

Reflexivity In Pigeons, Mary M. Sweeney, Peter J. Urcuioli

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

A recent theory of pigeons’ equivalence-class formation (Urcuioli, 2008) predicts that reflexivity, an untrained ability to match a stimulus to itself, should be observed after training on two “mirror-image” symbolic successive matching tasks plus identity successive matching using some of the symbolic matching stimuli. One group of pigeons was trained in this fashion; a second group was trained similarly but with successive oddity (rather than identity). Subsequently, comparison-response rates on novel matching versus mismatching sequences with the remaining symbolic matching stimuli were measured on non-reinforced probe trials. Higher rates were observed on matching than on mismatching probes in the former …

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Mice Deficient In Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Have Altered Development Of Gastric Vagal Sensory Innervation, Michelle C. Murphy, Edward A. Fox Jan 2010

Mice Deficient In Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Have Altered Development Of Gastric Vagal Sensory Innervation, Michelle C. Murphy, Edward A. Fox

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Vagal sensory neurons are dependent on neurotrophins to survive programmed cell death during development. Here, the contribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to the survival of gastric vagal sensory afferents was investigated. Also, based on BDNF roles in other sensory systems, its effects on axon guidance and mechanoreceptor differentiation were examined. Postmortem anterograde tracing with 1, 1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) was used to selectively label vagal projections to the stomach on postnatal day (P)0, 3, 4, and 6 in wild types and heterozygous or homozygous BDNF mutants. Sampling sites distributed throughout the ventral stomach wall were scanned with a confocal microscope …

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Behavior And Miracles, Christopher Agnew, Donal Carlston, William Graziano, Janice Kelly Jan 2010

Behavior And Miracles, Christopher Agnew, Donal Carlston, William Graziano, Janice Kelly

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Performance And Ease Influence Perceived Speed., Jessica Witt, Mila Sugovic Jan 2010

Performance And Ease Influence Perceived Speed., Jessica Witt, Mila Sugovic

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

According to the action-specific perception account, perception is a function of optical information and the perceiver’s ability to perform the intended action. While most of the evidence for the action-specific perception account is on spatial perception, in the current experiments we examined similar effects in the perception of speed. Tennis players reproduced the time the ball traveled from the feeder machine to when they hit it. The players judged the ball to be moving faster on trials when they hit the ball out-of-bounds than on trials where they successfully hit the ball in-bounds. Follow-up experiments in the laboratory showed that …

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Additive Factors And Stages Of Mental Processes In Task Networks., Richard Schweickert, Donald L. Fisher, William M. Goldstein Jan 2010

Additive Factors And Stages Of Mental Processes In Task Networks., Richard Schweickert, Donald L. Fisher, William M. Goldstein

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

To perform a task a subject executes mental processes. An experimental manipulation, such as a change in stimulus intensity, is said to selectively influence a process if it changes the duration of that process leaving other process durations unchanged. For random process durations a definition of a factor selectively influencing a process by increments is given in terms of stochastic dominance (also called “the usual stochastic order”. A technique for analyzing reaction times, Sternberg's Additive Factor Method, assumes all the processes are in series. When all processes are in series, each process is called a stage. With the Additive Factor …

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